Arizona perinatal statistics : a report on preinatal care, low birth weight and infant mortality

              ARIZONA PERINATAL STATISTICS
AREPORT ON PRENATAL CARE, lOW BIRTH WEIGHT AND
INFANT MORTALITY
PREPARED BY:
ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES
DIVISION OF FAMILY HEALTH SERVICES
STEPHEN E. SAUNDERS, M.D., M.P.H.
KATE ZIPSNIS, M.P.H.
BILL CARLILE, M.D., M.P.H.
Arizona Sta~~" ~i~:~rd5
Archives &. PUO,I" >'
2 4 'L007
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
List of Tables ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• i
List of Figures ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• e •••••••• iii
Introduction•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• e ••••••••••••• iv
Executive Summary••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~y
Attainment of 1990 Objectives ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••1
Natality Overview•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 2
Prenatal Care••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••5
Trends ••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••••••• CI ••••• 5
Maternal Characteristics .••••••.•••••.•••••••..••••.••••••••. 9
Birth Weight •••���•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 17
Trends ••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••• 17
Prenatal Ca re •••.••••••••.••••• • e ••••• 21
Maternal Age and Ethnicity •••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••• 25
Infant Mortality•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 30
Trends •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• e ••••• e •• 8. ill •••••••••• 30
Res i dence •••••••••••••••••••••••••• ill •• e •••••••••••••••••• ill •• 31
Prenatal Care ••••��••..•.•....•...••.••..•.•••.•.•• o ••••••••• 39
Birth Weight ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• o •••••••••••••••• 41
Maternal Age .•••••..•••..•.•.•..•••••.••.•••.•.•..•...•...•• 41
Maternal Ethnicity•••••••••••••••••••••••• eo.e •• c ••••••••••• 42
Pl ura1i ty • 0 • ill ••• ill 0 • ill • ill ••••••••• 1I •••••••••• " • c •• 0 ••••••• ill •••• 49
Maternal Education ••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••.•.••••••• 50
Previous Births/Terminations •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 51
Pregnancy Spacing •••••••••••••••••••••••••• o •••••••••••••••• 52
Legitimacy ••••••••••••••.••••••.••.••••••••••••.•••.••••••.• 53
Cause of Death•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• o ••••••••••••••• 53
List of Appendix Tables ••••••••••••••••••• c •••••••••••••••••••• e ••
Appendix••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
LIST OF TABLES PAGE
1. Number and Rate of Births, Arizona, 1979-1984•.••••••••..•••.••.• 2
2. Number and Rate of Adolescent Births, Arizona, 1980-1983 •••••••.• 3
3. Number and Percentage of Births by Maternal Ethnicity,
Arizona, 1981-1984...•...............••.......................••. 4
4. Number and Rate of Women Receiving Inadequate Prenatal Care,
Ari zona, 1979-1984" "" Cl • " " " •• (9 •• eo •• ,,6
5. Number and Percentage of Women Entering Prenatal Care by
Trimester, Arizona, 1984 6 &9
6. Number and Percentage of Women Receiving Inadequate
Prenatal Care by Maternal Ethnicity, Arizona, 1984..••••.•....•••8
7. Number and Percentage of Women Receiving Inadequate
Prenatal Care by Maternal Age, Arizona, 1984 ••••••...••••.•.•••. 15
8. Number and Percentage of Women Receiving Inadequate
Prenatal Care by Maternal Marital Status, Arizona, 1984 ••..••••. 16
9. Low Birth Weight, Arizona, 1980-1984•..•...••••.•........•...•.• 21
10. Rate of Low Birth Weight by Prenatal Visits, Arizona, 1984•••.•• 24
11. Birth Weight Rate and Trimester of Entry Into Prenatal
Care, Arizona, 1984 ........•........•........................... 25
12. Low Birth Weight Rate by Maternal Ethnicity, Arizona, 1984 ••.••• 26
13. Low Birth Weight Rate by Maternal Age, Arizona, 1984 ••...•.••... 26
14. Percentage of Low Birth Weight by Prenatal Visits and
Maternal Ethnicity, Arizona, 1980-1984•••...•.••••.••••..•.••••• 27
15. Percentage of Low Birth Weight by Prenatal Visits and
Maternal Age, Arizona, 1980-1984••.••••••••••••••.•••..•••.••..• 29
16. Neonatal, Postneonatal, and Infant Mortality, Arizona,
1980-1984. " "". ". ". ".. "" " " " " " .. " .. " " ~ " . 31
17. Three-Year Average Mortality Rates by County, Arizona
1982-1984 38
18. Infant Mortality - Prenatal Visits, Arizona, 1984 ••••••.••..•..• 39
19. Infant Mortality - Prenatal Visits and Trimester
of Entry Into Care, Arizona, 1984••.•••••.••..•••.•••..•...••••• 40
20. Infant Mortality by Birth Weight, Arizona, 1984••....••.••...•.. 41
i
21. Infant Mortality by Maternal Age, Arizona, 1984 .•••••••••••••••J 42
22. Infant Mortality by Maternal Ethnicity, Arizona, 1984 ••••••.•••• 43
23. Infant Mortality by Birth Weight and Maternal Ethnicity,
Arizona, 1984 44
24. Neonatal Mortality by Birth Weight and Maternal Ethnicity,
Arizona, 1984 0 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 45
25. Postneonatal Mortality by Birth Weight and Maternal
Ethnicity, Arizona, 1984 •..............•••....... 0 •••••••••••••• 46
26. Fetal Mortality by Birth Weight and Maternal Ethnicity,
Arizona, 1984 47
27. Perinatal Death Rates by Ethnicity, Arizona, 1984 ••••••.•••••••. 48
28. Infant Mortality for Single and Multiple Births,
Arizona, 1984.......•........................................... 49
29. Infant Mortality - Maternal Education, Arizona, 1984 •••••••••••• 50
30. Infant Mortality - Terminations, Arizona, 1984 ••.••••••..••••••• 51
31. Infant Mortality - Pregnancy Spacing, Arizona, 1984 ••••••••••••. 52
32. Infant Mortality - Marital Status, Arizona, 1984.••••••••••••••• 53
33. Infant Mortality By Cause - Three Year Average, Arizona
1982-1984 0 ••••••• 54
i i
LIST OF FIGURES PAGE
1. No Prenatal Visits, Arizona, 1980-1984••.••••••.••.•.•••.•••...•. 7
2. Rate of 1-4 Prenatal Visits, Arizona, 1980-1984•.••.•.•.•••••.••• 8
3. Maternal Ethnicity, Arizona, 1984.••••.•••••••••••.•••••••..•.•• 10
No Prenatal Visits
4. Maternal Ethnicity, Arizona, 1984 •••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 11
1-4 Prenatal Visits
5. Maternal Age, Arizona, 1984 •..•••.••••••.•.•••••••••...••...•..• 13
No Prenatal Visits
6. Maternal Age, Arizona, 1984.•••••..• o •• e •• o.~.e ••••• e.e •••••••• ~14
1-4 Prenatal Visits
7. Low Birth Weight Rate, Arizona, 1970-1984••••••.••.••.•.••.••.•. 18
8. Low Birth Weight Rate, Arizona, 1980-1984••....••..•••..•......• 19
9. Number of Low Birth Weight Births, Arizona, 1980-1984••.•...•••. 20
10. Very Low Birth Weight Rate (Under 1500 Grams), Arizona, 1984..•• 22
11. Low Birth Weight Rate (Under 2500 Grams), Arizona, 1984........• 23
12. Low Birth Weight, Ethnicity, and Prenatal Visits,
Arizona, 1980-1984.... 0 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 28
13. Infant Mortality Rate, Arizona, 1970-1984 .•..•..••••...••���••..•• 32
14. Infant Mortality Rate, Arizona, 1980-1984•.••••••••.••••••...•.• 33
15. Number of Infant Deaths, Arizona, 1980-1984 ••••••.•••••.•.••.•.. 34
16. Neonatal Mortality Rate, Arizona, 1970-1984•••.•.•••••••.•••.•.. 35
17. Neonatal Mortality Rate, Arizona, 1980-1984•.••••.•.•...•.••...• 36
18. Number of Neonatal Deaths, Arizona, 1980-1984•...•.••...•..••... 37
iii
INTRODUCTI ON
This report on Arizona Perinatal Statistics will focus on prenatal care, low
birth weight infants, neonatal, infant mortality and the characteristics of
mother and baby which appear to place the newborn at higher risk for
complications. Frequency distributions are calculated for prenatal care, low
birth weight and deaths. Where available, rates specific to the variable
under discussion are used. The interrelationships of these are examined.
The sources of all data discussed are published and unpublished Arizona Vital
Statistics, unless specifically noted otherwise. The linked birth/death
certificates for infant deaths reported in 1983 and 1984 and selected
statistics on prenatal care and low birth we;gh1rre examined here. The death
statistics are based on 1983 and 1984 deaths. The prenatal care data are
based on 1983 and 1984 birth certificate information obtained prior t~) the
official closing date for receipt of certificates from birth registrars.
The report is divided into six sections: Executive Summary, Attainment of
Federal 1990 Objectives, Natality Overview, Prenatal Care, Birth Weight, and
Infant Mortality.
1. The linked records represent slightly less than the total infant deaths for
these periods (488 of 509 for 1983 and 501 of 525 for 1984) All neonatal
deaths are available for 1983; 21 postneonatal records are missing. For
1984, 6 neonatal records are missing and 18 postneonatal records are
unavailabl e.
2) Therefore, detailed analysis of prenatal care-related data do not
reflect the official totals (preliminary data on 4,665 records compared to
4,690 final births).
iv
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The interrelationships between adequacy of prenatal care, low birth weight and
infant mortality are examined in this report. Numerous studies have
demonstrated that the receipt of adequate prenatal care is a major determinant
of good pregnancy outcome. The proportion of women delivering low birth
weight infants (infants born weighing less than 2500 grams) increases
dramatically when women receive inadequate or no prenatal care. Low birth
weight is a major cause of infant mortality in Arizona. Most infant deaths
occur in the fi rst four weeks of 1ife, the neonatal peri od, and most are a
consequence of inadequate fetal growth.
Since 1970, Arizona has experienced a downward trend in both the rate of low
birth weight and infant mortality. Although the infant mortality rate has
decreased approximately 87% since 1970, there has not been a comparable
decrease in the incidence of low birth weight (which decreased 20% during the
same time period). The mortality decline has been accomplished primarily by
improving the survival of low birth weight infants and further declines will
probably require a reduction in the rate of low birth weight. The downward
trend in mortality and low birth weight rates reached its lowest point in
1982, with increasing rates since. The cause of this worsening in pregnancy
outcomes is not completely understood, however the rate of woman receiving no
or inadequate prenatal care demonstrates a similar trend, with rates
increasing since 1982.
In 1980, the U.S. Department of Health &Human Services established pregnancy
arid infant health objectives to be met throughout the. nation by 1990.
Currentl y, Ari zona is not meeti ng the infant mortality or low bi rth wei ght
objecti ves as set by the Surgeon General. If current trends conti nue, it is
unlikely that these objectives will be met by 1990.
This report presents a complete analysis of inadequate prenatal care, low
birth weight, and infant mortality. The following findings should be
highlighted:
BIRTHS
Arizona has experienced a dramatic increase in the number of births since
1975.
The age s pecifi c fertil ity rate for teenagers under age 18 is 15.0/1,000
live births.
The number of bi rths to 81 ack and I ndi an mothers has demonstrated the
largest relative increase since 1981.
PRENATAL CARE
The rate of women recei vi ng no
1979.
prenatal
v
care has increased by 19~&
The rate of women receiving no prenatal care has doubled in Maricopa County
since 1982.
Indian and Hispanic women and all teenagers are twice as likely to receive
no prenatal care.
Unwed mothers are two and one hal f times as 1i kel y as marri ed women to
receive inadequate or no prenatal care.
The number of women recei vi ng inadequate prenatal care (l ess than fi ve
prenatal visits) in 1984 was 4,690.
lOW BIRTH WEIGHT
The rate of low birth weight has increased by 5% and the rate of very low
birth weight (infants under 1500 grams - the smallest infants at greatest
risk for complications) has increased by 17% since 1982.
In 1984, 3,378 infants were born weighing less than 2500 grams - low birth
weight.
Women who recei ve no prenatal care have fi ve times the rate of very low
birth weight babies and almost three times the rate of low birth weight
babies compared to women with adequate care.
Black women and young teenagers have twice the low birth weight rate as
white or older mothers.
Maricopa County has experienced a significant increase in the low birth
weight rate since 1982.
MORTALITY
Women who receive no prenatal or inadequate prenatal care have a neonatal
death rate almost five times the rate of women with adequate care.
The low bi rth wei ght baby has a neonatal death rate 35 times the normal
wei ght baby and very low bi rth wei ght infants have a neonatal death rate
183 times the normal weight baby.
Low birth weight babies account for 50% of all infant deaths.
- Blacks have an infant mortality rate twice that of Whites.
Teenage mothers, unwed mothers, as well as all women with less than a high
school education have higher infant mortality rates.
Neonatal mortality decreases as intra-pregnancy spacing increases.
vi
- Women who have a subsequent pregnancy within one year have a neonatal
mortality rate five times greater than women who delay pregnancy at least 1
1/2years.
- Approximatel y 60% of neonatal deaths are rel ated to compl i cati ons
surrounding the perinatal period with prematurity and respiratory distress
predominating. The majority of post-neonatal deaths are related to SIDS.
vii
ATTAINMENT OF FEDERAL 1990 OBJECTIVES
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in Promoting Health/Prevent­ing
Diseases has established Pregnancy and Infant Health Objectives for the
year 1990. In 1984, the State of Arizona stood as follows in the attainment
of these objectives:
1. By 1990, the infant mortality rate will be no more than 9 deaths/l,OOO
1ive births.
In 1984, the Arizona infant mortality rate was 9.5{1,000 live births.
2. By 1990, no county and no racial or ethnic group will have an infant
mortality rate in excess of 12 deaths/l,OOO live births.
In 1984, four Arizona counties had infant mortality rates which exceeded
12.0/1,000 live births: Apache (13.8), Cochise (l4.2), Graham (lS.7),
Pinal (l4.6). Only Blacks exceeded this objective (19.5).
3. By 1990, the neonatal death rate will be no more than 6.5/1,000 live
bi rths.
In 1984, the Arizona neonatal mortality rate was 5.5/1,000 live births.
4. By 1990, low birth weight babies should constitute no more than 5 percent
of all live births.
In 1984, the Arizona low birth weight rate was 6.1~.
5. By 1990, no county and no racial or ethnic group will have a rate of low
birth weight infants exceeding 9 percent of all live births.
In 1984, no Arizona county exceeded the federal objective; only the Black
rate was higher (12.3~).
6. By 1990, the proportion of women in any county or racial or ethnic group
who obtain no prenatal care during the first trimester of pregnancy should
not exceed 10 percent.
Approximately 26S of the women del ivering in 1984 received no prenatal
care during the first trimester. It is unlikely that any county or ethnic
group met this objective.
1
NATALITY OVERVIEW
The number of resident births has demonstrated a 39% increase since 1979
(39,543 births to 55,109) however, the resident birth rate in Arizona has
remained relatively level during this time period. Table 1. The Arizona rate
has been consistently higher than that for the U.S. (1980-15.8, 1981-15.9,
1982-16.2, 1983-15.5).
TABLE 1
NUMBER AND RATE OF BIRTHS
Arizona, 1979-1984
1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
Number 39,543 50,049 51,620 52,628 52,919 55,109
Rate 17.8 18.4 18.4 18.2 18.0 18.0
Rate = Number of births per 1,000 estimated population
Source: Arizona Vital Statistics
•
2
During the 1980's, the number of births to adolescent mothers and the age
specific birth rate has decreased slightly. Table 2. The number of births to
young adolescents (less than 15 years) continues to be a problem, while the
proportion of births t9)mothers under 20 (15.6% in 1982) ranks Arizona as 34th
in the United States. County specific data are available in Table A in the
Appendix.
---------------------------------------------------------------------_._------
TABLE 2
NUMBER AND RATE OF ADOLESCENT BIRTHS
Arizona, 1980-1983
AGE (YEARS) 1980 1981 1982 1983
10-14 # 138 123 129 123
Rate 1.3 1.,1 1.1 1.1
15-17 # 3002 2812 2786 2649
Rate 41.6 39.7 40.3 39.3
18-19 # 5170 5295 5307 5025
Rate 100.3 106.6 107.9 102.8
TOTAL # 8310 8230 8222 7797
Rate 35.9 35.3 35.8 34.1
Rate = Number of births per 1,000 women in specific age group
Source: Arizona Vital Statistics
3) Children's Defense Fund, The Data Book, 1985.
3
The ethnic distribution of births has remained relatively stable since 1981
with the majority of births to Whites. The number of Indian and Black births
has demonstrated the greatest increase (15% and 40% respectively). Table 3.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE 3
NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF BIRTHS
BY MATERNAL ETHNICITY
Arizona s J98l-1984
AGE (YEARS) 1981 1982 1983 1984
White # 44,391 45,049 45,141 46,248
% 86.0 85.6 85.3 83.9
Hispanic # N/A N/A 13,279 13,784
~ MIA MIA 25.1 * 25.0 *
Indian # 4,878 5,137 5,297 5,598
% 9.4 9.8 10.0 10.2
Black # 1,759 1,800 1,820 2,457
% 3.4 3.4 3.4 4.4
Other # 592 642 661 806
% 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.5
Percent: Proportion of Arizona births in each ethnic group
Source: Arizona Vital Statistics
* Will not total 100 %because Hispanic also counted as Whites.
4
PRENATAL CARE
Numerous studies have documented a strong relationship between the adequacy of
prenatal care and pregnancy outcome. Optimal care recommended for pregnant
women is 14 prenatal visits; however, the definition of inadequate prenatal
care utilized in this paper is less than five prenatal visits or prenatal care
initiated in the third trimester. The pregnancy outcomes for this inadequate
care population are clearly poorer than for women who receive a larger number
of prenatal visits.
TRENDS
Figures 1 and 2 show that the rate of women who received inadequate prenatal
care reached itls lowest levels in 1981 and 1982 and that this has been
steadily increasing since. Similarly, the rate of inadequate prenatal care
(number of women receiving inadequate care/1000 births) shows a similar
pattern. Table 4 shows that the rate of women receiving no prenatal care rose
between 1979 and 1980, dropped in 1982, and rose again in 1983 and 1984 to
rates beyond those of 1979 (19% increase from 1979 to 1984). Numerically, 836
women received no prenatal care in 1979, compared to 1,181 in 1984. Table 4
al so shows that the rate of women recei vi ng 1-4 prenatal vi sits decreased
steadily between 1979 and 1982, and has risen since. In summary, both the
women who received no prenatal care and women who received 1-4 prenatal visits
demonstrate a similar trend of increasing numbers and rates since 1982 such
that in 1984, 4,690 women received inadequate prenatal care. County specific
data are available in Tables B, C, 0 and E.
The rate of women receiving no prenatal care varies by county of residence
with Yuma, Pima, Apache and Santa Cruz having the highest rates. The two
densely populated counties have rates that vary by a factor of 3.5 (Maricopa
11.3/1,000 and Pima 38.3/1,000), however the trends are different in each
county; the rate has doubl ed in Mari copa and has decreased by 26% in Pima
since 1982. Virtually all of the increase in absolute numbers of women
receiving inadequate care (statewide) can be attributed to the increasing
numbers of no care women in Maricopa and Yuma Counties.
The data regarding 1-4 prenatal visits is similar to the no prenatal visit
data. The great majority of the increase in the absolute numbers of women and
the rate (statewide) can be attributed to increases in Maricopa County. In
1982, Pima and Maricopa had similar rates (37.8/1,000 and 39.3/1,000
respectively), however in 1984, Maricopa's rate had increased by 38% and
Pimals had remained the same.
5
TABLE 4
NUMBER AND RATE OF WOMEN RECEIVING
INADEQUATE PRENATAL CARE
ARIZONA, 1979-1984
PRENATAL VISITS 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
None # 836 1,002 1,007 997 1,126 1,181
Rate 18.0 20.0 19.5 18.9 2103 21..4
1-4 # 3,463 3,247 2,974 3,001 3,045 3,509
Rate 74.4 64.9 57.6 57.0 57.7 63.7
Under 5 # 4,299 4,249 3,981 3,998 4,171 4,690
Rate 92.4 84.9 76.9 75.9 79.0 85.1
Rate per 1,000 live births
Source: Arizona Vital Statistics
The percentage and number of women entering prenatal care in the first
trimester demonstrate a simil ar rel ationshi p of increasi ng numbers and rates
since 1982. Table 5.
TABLE 5
NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN
ENTERING PRENATAL CARE IN THIRD TRIMESTER
Arizona, 1984
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1st # 34406 37415 38672 38026 38852
% 68.7 72.5 73.5 71.9 70.5
2nd # 11039 10040 9901 10320 10900
% 22.1 19.4 18.8 19.5 19.8
3rd # 2861 2511 2490 2759 3381
% 5.7 4.9 4.7 5.2 6.1
TOTAL 50049 51620 52628 52919 55109
%= percent of women entering care in the third trimester
Source: Arizona Vital Records
6
FIGURE 1
NO PRENATAL VISITS
ARIZONA, 1980 - 1984
80."
~ 110.11'1' =
1980 198.
Cll~-----+-----+I-----+------t.----......------t
1981 1882 1983
YEARS
FIGURE 2
RATE OF 1
ARIZONA
4 PRENATAL VISITS
1980 1984
1983 1984
:57.0:2 jI'
~
IO.L--'---+1------1II------f-1-----+-----+-------t
1980 1981 1982
YEAR
sa.OIIS
84.1111
e.u!
88.2()
i-II-as
MATERNAL CHARACTERISTICS
The women who receive inadequate prenatal care are not randomly distributed in
the population. Certain subpopulations tend to be at greater risk of
receiving inadequate prenatal care. Women who are of minority status, who are
teenagers, or who are unmarri ed are 1ess 1i kely to recei ve adequate prenatal
care. The following discussion is based on 1984 Vital Records unless
otherwise noted. Similar data for 1983 are available in the Appendix.
MATERNAL ETHNICITY
Figure 3 and Table 6 show that American Indians and Hispanics were the ethnic
groups with the hi ghest proporti on of women recei vi ng no prenatal care. Of
each group, 4.1% received no care compared to 1.9% of White women who received
no prenatal care.
Again, Figure 4 and Table 6 show the same high proportion of these two ethnic
groups receiving only 1-4 prenatal visits. However, in this care category,
Black women also exceeded Whites in their representation. Compared to Whites,
the percentage of American Indian women was over-represented in the 1-4 care
group by over two and one-half times and Hispanic women by over one and one­half
times.
Overall, Indian women were approximately 2 1/2 times and Hispanic women 1 1/2
times more likely than White women to receive less than 5 prenatal visits.
County specific data are available in Tables G and H.
9
FIGURE 3
~[ATERNAL ETHNICITY, ARIZONA, 1984
NO PRENATAL VISITS
WBITIf: INDIAN BLACre OTHER mSPANIC
ETHNICITY
1-9-86
FIGURE 4
M:A~rERNAL ETHNICITY, ARIZONA, 1984
1 - 4 PRENATAL VISITS
,.HlTE INDIAN BLACK OTHER HISPANIC
ETHNICITY
1-9-86
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE 6
NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN RECEIVING
INADEQUATE PRENATAL CARE BY MATERNAL ETHNICITY
ARIZONA, 1984
ETHNICITY
Prenatal Visits White Indian Black Other Hispanic*
None If 898 213 44 9 605
'1 le9 4.1 2.3 1.3 4.1
1-4 If 2,573 730 153 4.3 1,390
'1 5.5 14.1 8.0 6.3 9.5
Under 5 # 3,471 943 197 52 1,995
'1 7.4 18.2 10.3 7.6 13.6
* Hispanic also included in all other ethnic groups
%= Percent of women in each ethnic group who received specific level of care
Source: 1984 Arizona birth certificates
MATERNAL AGE
In general, teenagers tend to be at greatest risk for recelvlng inadequate
prenatal care. Young teenagers (under age 15) were the age group with the
highest proportion receiving no prenatal care (12.4%) as can be seen in
Figure 5 and Table 7. The next age group with a significant proportion
receiving no care was teenagers 15-19 years of age (3.9%). Teens under 15
years were almost 7 times more likely (compared to mothers 20-34) and over 3
times more likely (compared to older teens) to receive no care. The older
teens were over twice as likely to receive no care as compared to the age
group 20-34. Simil arl y, teens were twi ce as 1ikel y to recei ve onl y 1-4
prenatal visits as compared to older mothers. Figures 5, 6, and Table 7.
County specific data are available in Tables I &J.
12
•
FIGURE 5
MATERNAL AGE, ARIZONA, 1984
NO PRENATAL VISITS
15 - 19 20 - 34 OVER 34
AGE (YEARS)
UNDER 15
1-9-86
FIGURE 6
MATERNAL AGE, ARIZONA, 1984
1 - 4 PRENATAL VISITS
UNDBR 15 15 - 19 20 - 34
AGE (YEARS)
OVER 34,
1-9-86
TABLE 7
NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN RECEIVING
INADEQUATE PRENATAL CARE BY MATERNAL AGE
ARIZONA, 1984
PRENATAL VISITS UNDER 15 15-19 20-34 OVER 34
None # 14 290 796 65
~ 12.4 3.9 1.8 2.1
1-4 # 11 855 2,453 180
% 9.7 11.4 5.6 5.7
Under 5 # 25 1,145 3,249 245
~ 22.1 15.3 7.4 7.8
%= Percent of women in each age group who received specific level of care
Source: 1984 Arizona birth certificates
15
MATERNAL MARITAL STATUS
Unwed mothers were much more 1ikely to recei ve 1ittl e or no prenatal care.
They were 3 1/2 times more 1i kely to recei ve no prenatal care, and almost 3
times as likely to receive only 1-4 visits, as married mothers. Table 8.
County specific data are available in Tables K and L.
TABLE 8
NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN RECEIVING INADEQUATE
PRENATAL CARE BY MATERNAL MARITAL STATUS
ARIZONA, 1984
PRENATAL VISITS UNWED WED
None # 606 560
% 4.7 1.3
1-4 # 1,644 1,855
% 12.9 4.4
Under 5 # 2,250 2,415
% 17.6 5.7
%= Percent of women of each marital status who received specific level of
care
Source: 1984 Arizona birth certificates
-----~-----------------------------------------------------------------------
16
BIRTH WEIGHT
Low birth weight (LBW), defined as an infant born weighing less than 2500
grams (5.5 pounds), is a major cause of infant mortality and morbidity. Very
low birth weight (VLBW) infants (under 1500 grams) are at greater risk for
complications or death. Women who deliver LBW infants are much more likely to
have received inadequate prenatal care, to be of minority status, or to be a
teenager.
TRENDS
The rate of LBW decreased steadily between 1970 and 1982, with a significant
increase since. Figure 7. Table 9 and Figures 8 and 9 focus on the five year
period 1980 to 1984 and show that since 1980 both the number of LBW infants
and the rate of LBW demonstrate simil ar trends. The rate reached a low in
1982, and increased in each year since, much as was seen for levels of
inadequate prenatal care. The lowest VLBW rate was experienced in 1981, and
since then the rate has increased by 17%, while the LBW rate has increased by
5%. County specific data are available in Tables Mand N.
The LBW rate varies by county of residence with Cochise, Yavapai, and Maricopa
ha vi ng the hi ghest rates. The majority of the increase in the rates and
absolute number of LBW infants can be attributed to significant increases in
Maricopa County.
17
FIGURE 7
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT RATE
ARIZONA, 1970 1984
.".4.8
'z z:
o~ I I
1970 1972 197. 1976 1978 19BO 1982 1984
1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983
YEAR
" ••4CI~
ft."..,
"1.0.' leLa
=ft•.,.,
-0--0" 5••.1G' ===
..... Me,",
f:i ~ .a..,.
81.18
1-0-88
FIGURE 8
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT RATE
ARIZONA, 1980 1984
81.11i
88.01i
1982 1984
YEAR
1980 1981
Ica.L..-...,-----+------t------+-----t-1-----+-----01
1983
1-a-ae
FIGURE 9
f\JUf\v1BER OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BIRTHS
ARIZONA, 1980 - 1984
woo"o
aMi,,"
aaa..a
8UI..."
alO....t
1980 1984
0.1-------1----.1...-----+----•..-.-----+------...
1981 1882 1983
YEAR
1-8-88
TABLE 9
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
ARIZONA, 1980-1984
BIRTH WEIGHT 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
(grams)
Under 1500 1) # 448 426 469 514 527
Rate 9.0 8.2 8.9 9.7 9.6
1501-2500 1) # 2,635 2,650 2,634 2,690 2,850
Rate 52.6 51.3 50.0 50.8 51.7
Under 2501 2) # 3,089 3,103 3,076 3,204 3,378
Rate 61.7 60.1 S8A 60.5 61.,3
Rate per 1,000 live births
Source: 1) Unpublished ADHS data
2) Arizona Vital Statistics, 1984
PRENATAL CARE
The mother with no prenatal care was almost five times more likely to have a
VLBW baby as the mother with adequate care; the odds improved slightly if she
made 1-4 visits (34.4/1,000 and 30.3/1,000 respectively, compared to 7.5/1,000
for mothers wi th adequate care). The mother with no prenatal care had twi ce
the chance of hav; ng a baby wei ghi ng 1501-2500 grams as the mother who had
adequate care. Again, the odds improved if she had 1-4 visits (94.5j1,000 and
78.7/1,000 respectively, compared to 48.7 for mothers with adequate care).
Finally, the mother with no prenatal care was two and one-hal f times more
likely to have a LBW baby as the mother with adequate care. Figures 10, 11,
Tabl e 10.
21
FIGURE 10
VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT RATE
(under 1500 grams)
ARIZONA, 1984
NN
~ 20
ooo
-ffi '115
Cl.
o , - 4
PRENATAL VISITS
OVER 4
1-9-86
aoo
1110
leo
FIGURE 11
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT RATE
(under 2500 graI:ns)
ARIZONA, 1984
o 1 - 4- OVER "-
PRENATAL VISITS
N
W
==
=....
1-9-86
TABLE 10
RATE OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
BY PRENATAL VISITS
Arizona, 1984
BIRTH WEIGHT
{Grams}
NONE 1-4 0-4 Over 4
Under 1500 #
Rate
1501-2500 #
Rate
Under 2501 #
Rate
40 106 146 377
33.9 30.3 31.1 7.5
110 275 385 2,446
93.1 78.4 82.1 48.5
150 381 531 2823
127.0 108.6 113.2 56.0
Rate = Number of babies in specific birth weight group per 1000 live births
in each prenatal care group.
Source: Preliminary Arizona Vital Statistics 1984
Examining birth weight specific rates by trimester of entry into care does not
show the same relationship as the comparison of the number of visits and birth
weight. The rate of LBW infants (under 2500 grams) does not change
significantly when reviewing each trimester. 4) Upon examining the 1500-2500
weight group, there does appear to be a slight increase in the rate when women
enter care in the third trimester (58/1,000 vs 50/1,000 in the first and
second trimester). Table 11.
4) This finding is inconsistent with the number of prenatal visit data
discussed above and may relate to some reporting inaccuracies of entry
into care on the birth certificate.
24
BIRTH WEIGHT THIRD
(Grams)
Under 1500 Rate
TABLE 11
BIRTH WEIGHT RATE AND
TRIMESTER OF ENTRY INTO PRENATAL CARE
Arizona, 1984
TRIMESTER
FI RST SECOND
10 7 4
1500-2500 Rate
Under 2501 Rate
50
60
50
51
58
62
Rate = Number of births in specific birth weight group per 1000 live births
in trimester category.
Source: Unpublished ADHS data.
MATERNAL AGE AND ETHNICITY
In 1984, Blacks had the highest rate of VLBW babies (23.5/1,000). This was
over twice as high as the VLBW rate for Hispanics (10.8/1,000) and three times
higher than the rate for American Indians, the group with the lowest rate
(7.4/1,000). Blacks also had the highest LBW rate (122.9/1.000), again over
twice as high as the next group, Hispanics (61.0/1,000) and 2 1/2 times higher
than American Indians (50.9/1,000). Table 12.
In general. young teens and mothers over age 34 tend to have the higher rate
of LBW infants. Young teens (under 15) had the highest VLBW rate
(36.4/1, 000). Thi s was twi ce as hi gh as the rate for teen mothers age 15-17.
the next hi ghest group (16.1/1, 000). Mothers over 34 had the thi rd hi ghest
VlBW rate (13.0/1,000). The LBW rate was again highest for the young teen
mothers (127.3/1,000) and teens 15-17 (79.2/1,000). Mothers 20-34 had the
lowest LBW rate. while older teen mothers (18-19) had the lowest VLBW rate.
Table 13.
25
TABLE 12
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BY MATERNAL ETHNICITY
ARIZONA, 1984
ETHNICITY
BIRTH WEIGHT WHITE* INDIAN BLACK OTHER HISPANIC
(Grams)
Under 1500 # 301 39 45 10 133
Rate 8.6 7.4 23.5 14.6 10,,8
1501-2500 # 1,776 229 191 38 616
Rate 50.8 43.5 99.4 55.6 50.2
Under 2501 # 2,077 268 236 48 749
Rate 59,,4 50.9 122.9 70.2 61.0
* Excludes Hispanic
Rate = Number of births by weight group per 1,000 live births in each
specific ethnic group.
Source: Arizona Vital Records
TABLE 13
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BY MATERNAL AGE
ARIZONA, 1984
BIRTH WEIGHT UNDER 15 15-17 18-19 20-34 OVER 34
(Grams)
Under 1500 # 4 42 37 404 41
Rate 36.4 16.1 7.6 9.1 13.0
1501-2500 # 10 165 309 2,181 185
Rate 90.9 63.1 63.1 49.2 58.7
Under 2501 # 14 207 346 2,585 226
Rate 127.3 79.2 70.7 58.3 71.7
Rate = Number of births by weight group per 1,000 live births in each
specific maternal age group.
Source: Arizona Vital Records
26
MATERNAL AGE, ETHNICITY AND PRENATAL VISITS
To avoid the problems involved with analyzing small number data sets, five
years of data were grouped and analyzed. The percentage of low birth weight
babies born during the period from 1980 through 1984 varied according to the
number of maternal prenatal visits, maternal race, and age. The number of
prenatal visits showed the strongest relationship to birth weight and maternal
age the least. Table O.
For the five-year period, the proportion of lBW babies was highest for mothers
with no prenatal care and 1-4 visits. Within these care groups, Blacks had
the highest proportion of LBW babies (27.7% and 18.7% respectively), as did
mothers over 34 (16.8% and 12.6% respectively) and under 18 (21.2% and 13.1%,
respectively). Tables 14 and 15, Figure 12.
Regardless of number of prenatal visits, American Indians and 1tJhites had the
lowest proportion of lBW babies (5.5% and 5.9% respectively); Blacks had the
highest (12.0%). Similarly, mothers under 18 and over 34 had the highest
proportions of lBW babies (8.5% and 6.7%, respectively).
TABLE 14
PERCENTAGE OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BY PRENATAL VISITS
AND MATERNAL ETHNICITY
ARIZONA, 1980-1984
NUMBER OF PRENATAL VISITS
ETHNICITY NONE 1-4 OVER 4 AlL BIRTHS
(percentage)
White 15.1 11. 9 5.4 5.9
Indian 13.3 8.3 4.4 5.5
Black 27.7 18.7 11. 0 12.0
Other 24.4 14.5 5.2 6.0
Hispanic 13.1 8.9 5.6 6.2
Total 15.3 11.4 5.5 6.0
%= proportion of women glvlng birth to babies weighing under 2500 grams in
each ethnic and specific level of care group
Source: Arizona Vital Records
27
L..BW,
30
FIGURE 12
ETHNICITY, ,AND PRENATAL VISITS
ARIZONA, 1980 ,1 984
ETHNIC GROUP
~
~
\
2e
~,
1
c.. !¢ ;
:0:;) !~ , c::: ~ ~ ,~
f2 20 .Ird .;
~J V) li' ~
1'0 ~ ~. ,.~ ~.
()) la '1
CD If:,. f 15 I ,1
;r: ~: ~ #
~ ! ,
~
0LL. if:
ffi 10
(.)
ffi c..
15
0-
WHITE
INDIAN
HISPANIC
o 1 - 4 5 - 13 OVER 13
PRENATAL VISITS
1-9-86
AGE
Under 18
18-24
25-34
Over 34
TOTAL
TABLE 15
PERCENTAGE OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BY
PRENATAL VISITS AND MATERNAL AGE
Arizona, 1980-1984
NUMBER OF PRENATAL VISITS
NONE 1-4 OVER 4
(Percentage)
21.2 13.1 7.2
14.6 11.5 5.7
13.6 10.5 5.1
16.8 12.6 6.0
15.3 11.4 5.5
ALL BIRTHS
8.5
6.3
5.4
6.7
6.0
%= Proportion of women glvlng birth to babies weighing under 2500 grams in
each age and specific level of care group.
Source: Arizona Vital Records.
29
INFANT MORTALITY
The infant mortality rate (the number of infants who die in their first year
of life/l,OOO live births) and the neonatal mortality rate (the number of
infants who die in their first 27 days of life/l,OOO live births) are
i nternati onally recogni zed i ndi cators of peri natal health, with low bi rth
weight infants being a major cause of mortality. The neonatal mortality rate
is considered a more sensitive indicator of the mother1s and baby1s status and
care during the prenatal period and the immediate postpartum period, while the
postneonatal mortality rate (deaths between age one month and one year) is a
better indicator of status and care during infancy, and is less influenced by
perinatal events. Approximately 60% of infant deaths occur in the neonatal
period.
The peri natal mortal ity rate (number of fetal deaths or still bi rths pl us
neonatal deaths/l,OOO live births) is another sensitive indicator of perinatal
care. The fetal death rate is a sensitive indicator of prenatal status and
care, and is not influenced by the availability and quality of newborn
intensive care. One can utilize the perinatal mortality rate and the ratio of
fetal deaths to neonatal deaths to analyze subcomponents of perinatal care.
TRENDS
The infant mortality rate has been decreasing since 1970 (Figure 13) and
reached its lowest rate in 1982. The rate of decline appears to be decreasing
with an apparent stabilization of the infant mortality rate since 1982.
Figures 14, 15 and Table 16 demonstrate that the Arizona infant mortality rate
consistently dropped during the period 1980-1984, with a slight rise in
1983. Neonatal mortality demonstrates similar trends. Figures 16, 17, 18 and
Table 16. Postneonatal mortal ity rates decreased between 1980 and 1982 and
rose in 1983 and 1984.
30
TABLE 16
NEONATAL, POSTNEONATAL, AND INFANT MORTALITY
ARIZONA, 1980-1984
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
Neonatal # 414 381 305 314 305
Rate 8.3 7.4 5.8 5.9 5,,5
Postneonatal # 205 219 186 195 220
Rate 4.1 4.2 3.5 3.7 4.0
Infant # 619 600 491 509 525
Rate 12.4 11.6 9.3 9.6 9.5
Rates = Deaths per 1000 live births.
Source: Arizona Vital Records
PLACE OF MOTHER'S RESIDENCE
There is significant variation in mortality rates dependent on county of
residence. Average mortality rates for 1982-1984 are displayed in Table 17.
The neonatal mortality rate varies from a low of 4.1 in Santa Cruz County to
11.0 in Greenlee County and the infant mortality varies from 6.8 in Santa Cruz
to 20.9 in La Paz. The two urban counties, Maricopa and Pima, have rates
which are identical to (neonatal) or below (postneonatal and infant) the state
average.
31
FIGURE 13
INFANT MORTALITY RATE
ARIZONA, 1970 - 1984
, l
llae.'o_at
US.8·t
1111
...
= 1"."1'&
wN 5la.80 ===
..... 1&....
ga
Co. 11•••
10.1N,
8.11; ~
Z
~
G,.a....--t • 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984
1971 1873 1975 1877 1979 1981 1983
YEAR
1-8-88
FIGURE 14
INFANT MORTALITY RATE
ARIZONA, 1980 - 1984
1&.80
la.88
8.lI.'
1982 1983 1984
YEAR
1980
8.1a-,
..?>-"'"
'v
'v
o·l-------+-----llf------t-----+------t----.....
1981
1-0-88
FIGURE 15
NUMBER OF INFANT DEATHS
ARIZONA, 1980 - 1984
1984-
41.,0 .
.a;,~.
C::,"'I
~-
.o..:...--,------tl~---__t_----_t_---__+I----_+_---___I
1980 1981 1882 1963
YEAR
1510
eao
810
eao
81S0
e.o
1-0-88
FIGURE 16
NEONATAL MO'RTALITY RATE
ARIZONA, 1970 - 1984
ol,---tl~-+_-+---+--""'I--l---+--+----Ii---+--t-I--+--+--t----+I--tl
1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984
1971 1973 1975 1877 1979 1981 1983
YEAR
a.llL
11.elt
1&.8Ct
i 10....
= w § e....
U"1
== a.a..lf, =.....
c:=
DiQ
~
?lUi
1-8-88
FIGURE 17
NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE
ARIZONA, 1980 - 1984
a.80·
\
\
\~
.'" oL__-I'~_---+-I----t-. -----+1----+1------I
1980 1981 1982 19S3 1984
YEAR
1-9-86
FIGURE 18
NUMBER OF NEONATAL DEATHS
ARIZONA, 1980 - 1984
I
1984
I
1983
I
1982
YEAR
I
1981
312
?J
OJ...._- I
1980
372
420
1-9-88
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE 17
THREE YEAR AVERAGE MORTALITY
RATES BY COUNTY
Arizona, 1982-1984
NEONATAL POSTNEONATAl INFANT
COUNTY 1) NUMBER RATE NUMBER RATE NUMBER RATE
GREENLEE 7 lleO 0 0 7 1100
LAPAZ 4 9.3 5 11.6 9 20.9
COCHISE 38 8.0 19 4.0 57 12.0
PINAL 34 6.0 29 5.1 63 ILl
GRAHAM 8 5.9 6 404 14 10.4
MARICOPA 512 5.8 292 3.3 804 9.1
PIMA 165 5.8 95 3.3 260 9.1
YAVAPAI 18 5.8 14 4.5 32 10.3
MOHAVE 15 5.4 13 4.6 28 10.0
COCONINO 28 5.2 26 4.8 54 10.0
YUMA 28 5.2 14 2.6 42 7.9
GILA 11 5.1 10 4.6 21 9.7
APACHE 26 4.8 40 7.3 66 12.1
NAVAJO 25 4.4 34 6.0 59 10.4
SANTA CRUZ 6 4.1 4 2.7 10 6.8
TOTAL 887 5.8 563 3.7 1450 9.5
Rate = Deaths per 1000 live births
Source: Arizona linked birth/death certificates
1) Counties ranked by neonatal mortality rate
38
PRENATAL CARE
There is a c1ear inverse relationship between the number of prenatal visits
and neonatal/infant mortality rates; ie: women who receive an adequate number
of prenatal visits experience lower mortality rates.
For babies whose mothers had no prenatal care, the neonatal death rate was
almost five times as high as for those whose mothers had 5-14 prenatal
vi sits. The same rel ati onshi p exi sted for babi es of mothers who had 1-4
prenatal visits, although the relative risk dropped to four. Tables 18 and Po
TABLE 18
INFANT MORTALITY - PRENATAL VISITS
ARIZONA, 1984
NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT
VIS ITS # RATE # RATE # RATE
0 23 19.,4 9 7.6 32 27.1
1-4 66 18.8 28 7.9 94 26.7
Less than 5 89 19.0 37 7.9 126 26.9
5-14 183 4.2 136 3.1 319 7.3
Greater than 14 16 2.4 13 2.0 29 4.4
Unknown 17 NfA 34 NfA 51 4.,4
TOTAL 305 5.5 220 4.0 525 9.5
Rate = Number of deaths per 1,000 live births in each prenatal care group
Source: Arizona Vital Records
In 1984, there was little difference in the infant mortality rate regardless
of trimester of mother's entry into care. However, there was a trend of
decreasing infant mortality rates with later entry into care. It was only
during the neonatal period that the death rate increased with later entry into
care. This reversal in the expected trend in infant mortal ity appears to be
linked to deaths in the postneonatal period. Tables 19, P.
39
To further analyze this finding, trimester of entry into care was subdivided
into women who received 1-4 prenatal visits and women who received over 4
prenatal visits. It is clear that neonatal and infant mortality rates are
significantly higher for women who receive 1-4 visits as contrasted to women
who receive adequate care, regardless of trimester of entry. Women who report
entering care in the first trimester, but receive only 1-4 prenatal visits,
have the hi ghest mortal ity rates of any subgroup. The expl anation for thi s
finding is unclear.
TABLE 19
INFANT MORTAlITY - PRENATAL
VISITS AND TRIMESTER OF ENTRY INTO CARE
Arizona, 1984
TRIMESTER
FIRST
1-4 Visits
Over 4 visits
TOTAL
SECOND
1-4 Visits
Over 4 visits
TOTAL
THIRD
1-4 Visits
Over 4 visits
TOTAL
NEONATAL
10.5
2.7
2.8
6.5
3.4
3.7
6.0
3.9
5.0
POSTNEONATAL
60.2
4.5
5.5
21.7
2.6
4.2
3.2
2.0
2.7
INFANT
70.8
7.6
8.3
28.3
6.0
7.9
9.2
5.9
7.7
Rate = Number of deaths per 1,000 live births in each level of care group
Source: Arizona linked birth/death Certificates
40
BIRTH WEIGHT
In 1984, the LBW baby had a neonatal death rate almost 35 times higher than
that for the baby wei ghi ng over 2500 grams. The VLBW baby had a rate 183
times higher. During the postneonatal period the relative risk of death for
the lBW baby was 5 times that of the normal birth weight baby. The infant
death rate for the LBW baby was 15 times hi gher than that of a normal bi rth
weight baby. Low birth weight babies accounted for slightly over 50% of the
infant deaths and 70% of the neonatal deaths. Table 20, Q.
TABLE 20
INFANT MORTALITY BY BIRTH WEIGHT
ARIZONA, 1984
WEIGHT NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT
(grams)
Under 1500 # 174 20 194
Rate 330.2 38.0 368.1
1501-2500 # 38 35 73
Rate 13.4 12.3 25.6
Under 2501 # 212 55 267
Rate 62.7 16.3 79.0
Over 2500 # 93 165 258
Rate 1.8 3.2 5.0
Rate = Number of deaths per 1,000 live births in each specific weight group
Source: Arizona Vital Records
MATERNAL AGE
The babies of mothers under age 15 experienced the highest neonatal,
postneonatal and infant death rates, with the neonatal death rate almost 2 1/2
times as high as the 15-17 years old and four times as high as the rate for
older age groups. During the postneonatal period, the death rate for babies
of mothers under 15 years of age was four times as high as for infants of the
15-17 year 01 d mothers. The infant death rate for babi es of the under 15
mothers was over 4 times that for the 18-19 and 20-34 year 01 d mothers. In
general, women age 18 and 01 der tend to have the i owest neonatal and infant
death rates. Tables 21 and R.
41
TABLE 21
INFANT MORTALITY BY MATERNAL AGE
ARIZONA, 1984
MATERNAL AGE NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT
(Years)
Under 15 # 2 2 4
Rate 1802 18.2 3604
15-17 # 20 12 32
Rate 7.7 4.5 12.1
18-19 # 22 22 44
Rate 4.4 4.4 8.8
20-34 # 231 149 380
Rate 5.2 304 8.6
Over 34 # 24 17 41
Rate 8.5 5.4 13.9
Rate = Number of deaths per 1,000 live births in each maternal age group
Source: Arizona linked birth/death certificates
MATERNAL ETHNICITY
Babies of Black mothers experienced the highest neonatal, postneonatal, and
infant death rates. Their neonatal death rate was twice that of the White and
Hispanic babies and 2.7 times that of the American Indian babies. During the
postneonatal period, American Indian babies died at a rate close to that for
Black babies (7.0/1,000 and 8.9/1,000, respectively) whose rate, however,
remained 2 to 3 times that for White and Hispanic babies. A relationship
similar to5)the neonatal rate existed for the infant mortality rate. Tables
22, and S.
5) Table S depicts the ethnic specific death rates from linked birth/death
certificates, where Hispanic was coded separate from other ethnic groups.
42
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE 22
INFANT MORTALITY BY MATERNAL ETHNICITY
ARIZONA, 1984
ETHNICITY NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT
White (including Hispanic)* # 247 164 411
Rate 5,,3 3.6 8,,9
American Indian # 22 39 61
Rate 3.9 7.0 10.9
Black # 25 23 48
Rate 10.2 9.4 19,,5
Other # 6 2 8
Rate 7.4 2.5 9.9
His pani c # 73 40 113
Rate 5.3 2.9 8.2
* Will not total 100% because Hispanic included in all other ethnic groups
Rate = Number of deaths per 1,000 live births in each specific ethnic group
Source: Arizona linked birth/death certificates
As mentioned in the prior section on infant mortality and birth weight, it is
cl ear that LBW babi es contri bute to sl i ghtl y over 50% of the infant deaths.
Similarly, deaths are over represented in certain minority groups. Tables 24­27
provide information on fetal, neonatal, postneonatal, and infant mortality
by ethni c group and bi rth wei ght categori es. These bi rth wei ght s pecifi c
death rates seem to indicate that birth weight distribution is the major
factor influencing the variation in ethnic specific infant mortality rate,
i.e. the birth weight specific mortality rates are similar for each ethnic
group.
In Table 23 it can be seen that the LBW specific infant mortality rate was
similar for all ethnic groups except for Indians who had a rate one-half that
of Whites. Bl acks had a LBW specifi c rate very simi 1ar to Whites (as
contrasted to the non weight specific rates depicted in Table 22).
43
To further analyze these trends; Table 24 and 25 should be reviewed. The LBW
specific neonatal rates were similar for all ethnic groups except Indians as
described for the infant mortality rate. However, the postneonatal rates for
Indians and Blacks were higher than the rate for Whites (17/1,000 and 24/1,000
res pect i vel y, vs. 16/1,000 for Whi tes). Thi s rate difference may i ndi cate
differential patterns of postneonatal care for these two ethnic groups. Table
27, Weight Specific Fetal Mortality, indicates that Indians had the highest
LBW specific fetal mortality rate (93.3/1,000 vs. 77/1,000 for Whites) and
that Blacks had the lowest rate (50.8/1,000 vs. 77/1,000 for Whites).
The perinatal death rate was similar for all ethnic groups (except for Blacks
with the highest rate of 19.1/1,000). Table 27. The ratio of fetal to
neonatal deaths demonstrated some variation between ethnic groups. The
majority of perinatal deaths occurred in the fetal period for Indians, while
the majority occured in the neonatal period for Blacks.
TABLE 23
INFANT MORTALITY BY BIRTH WEIGHT
AND MATERNAL ETHNICITY
Arizona, 1984
ETHNICITY
WEIGHT {GRAMS}
Under 1500 II
Rate
1501-2500 II
Rate
Under 2500 II
Rate
Over 2500 II
Rate
WHITE
{inc hisp.}
157
370.3
64
27.5
221
80..4
172
4.0
INDIAN
9
214.3
4
15,,9
13
44,,2
44
8.3
BLACK
22
423.1
7
24.8
29
86.8
16
7..4
OTHER
4
666.7
a
0.0
4
83.3
2
2,,6
Rate = Number of deaths by weight group per 1,000 live births in ethnic group
Source: Arizona Vital Records
44
TABLE 24
NEONATAL MORTALITY BY BIRTH WEIGHT
AND MATERNAL ETHNICITY
Arizona, 1984
ETHNICITY
WEIGHT (GRAMS) WHITE* INDIAN BLACK OTHER
Under 1500 # 142 7 18 4
Rate 334.9 166e7 346e2 666.7
1501-2500 # 35 1 3 0
Rate 15el 4eO lOe6 OeD
Under 2501 # 177 8 21 4
Rate 64A 27.2 162e9 83e3
Over 2500 # 63 13 2 1
Rate L4 2.4 LO L3
* Includes Hispanic
Rate = Number of deaths by weight group per 1,000 live births in each ethnic group
Source: Arizona Vital Records
45
TABLE 25
POSTNEONATAL MORTALITY BY BIRTH WEIGHT
AND MATERNAL ETHNICITY
Arizona, 1984
ETHNICITY
WEI GHT GRAMS WHITE* INDIAN BLACK OTHER
Under 1500 # 15 2 4 0
Rate 35.4 47.6 76.9 0.0
1501-2500 # 29 3 4 0
Rate 12.5 11.9 14.2 0.0
Under 2501 # 44 5 8 0
Rate 16.0 17 .0 24.0 0
Over 2500 # 109 31 14 1
Rate 2.5 5.8 6.4 1.3
* Includes Hispanic
Rate = Number of deaths by weight group per 1,000 live births in each ethnic group
Source: Arizona Vital Records
46
TABLE 26
FETAL MORTALITY BY BIRTH
WEIGHT AND MATERNAL ETHNICITY
Arizona, 1984
ETHNICITY
WEIGHT WHITE* INDIAN BLACK OTHER HISPANIC
Under 1500 If 115 14 6 3 22
Rate 382.1 359.0 133.3 300.0 165.4
1501-2500 If 45 11 6 1 13
Rate 25.3 48.0 31.4 26.3 21.1
Under 2501 If 160 25 12 4 35
Rate 77.0 93.3 50.8 83.3 46.7
Over 2500 If 66 17 3 0 21
Rate 2.0 3.4 1.8 0.0 1.8
* Includes Hispanic
Rate = Number of deaths by weight group per 1,000 live births in each ethnic group
Source: Arizona Vital Records
47
TABLE 27
PERINATAL DEATHS RATES
BY ETHNICITY
Arizona, 1984
ETHNICITY
TOTAL WHITE* INDIAN BLACK
Fetal Death Rate 6.7 7.0 8.7 8.9
Neonatal Death Rate 5.4 5.3 3.9 10.2
Perinatal Death Rate 12.1 12.3 12.6 19.1
Fetal Neonatal Ratio 1.24 1.32 2.23 0.87
OTHER HISPANIC
5.9 4.9
7.4 5.3
13.3 10.2
0.92 0.80
* Includes Hispanic
Rate = Number of deaths per 1,000 live births in each ethnic group
48
PLURALITY
Plurality appears to be directly related to mortality.
twins was almost 7 times that of the singl eton' s. The
twins was almost 4 times that of the singleton's. The
was almost 8 times higher than that of the singleton's.
The neonatal death rate for
postneonatal death rate for
infant death rate for twins
Tables 28 and T.
TABLE 28
INFANT MORTALITY FOR SINGLE
AND MULTIPLE BIRTHS
ARIZONA, 1984
NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT
# RATE # RATE # RATE
Single 261 4.8 181 3.3 442 8.1
First twin 16 33.4 6 12.5 22 46.0
Second twin 16 33.7 4 8.4 20 42.2
Other/unknown 12 NfA 29 NfA 41 NfA
TOTAL 305 5.5 220 4.0 525 9.5
Rate = Number of deaths per 1,000 live births in each birth catagory
Source: Arizona Vital Records
49
MATERNAL EDUCATION
As the educational level of the mother increased, the rate of neonatal infant death
decreased. The lowest rates were reported for babies of mothers with some college
education. The postneonatal death rate was lower at all educational level sand
decreased as the level of the mother's education increased. Tables 29 and U.
TABLE 29
INFANT MORTALITY - MATERNAL EDUCATION
ARIZONA, 1984
MATERNAL EDUCATION NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT
(Years) # RATE # RATE # RATE
1-8 25 6.. 9 17 4.. 5 42 11 .. 5
9-12 183 5.. 9 133 4.. 1 316 10.. 1
13-16 69 4.. 3 38 2.. 2 107 6.6
Over 16 10 4.. 4 2 0.. 1 12 4.. 5
Unknown 18 NIA 30 NIA 48 MIA
Total 305 5.. 5 220 4.. 0 525 9.. 5
Rate = Deaths per 1,000 live births in each specific educational level group
Source = Arizona linked birth/death certificates
50
PREVIOUS BIRTHS/TERMINATIONS
Approximately 60% of mothers whose babies died sometime during infancy had had a
previous birth. There was no evident relationship between number of previous births
and death at any age during infancy. Table V.
There did appear to be a relationship between a previous termination of pregnancy
(spontaneous or induced) and subsequent infant death. The lowest death rates were
reported for mothers who had had no previous termination; all death rates rose as
the number of terminations increased. Tables 30, W.
TERMINATIONS
o
1
Over 1
Unknown
Total
TABLE 30
INFANT MORTALITY - TERMINATIONS
ARIZONA, 1984
NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT
# RATE # RATE # RATE
198 4.7 126 3.0 324 7.7
54 5.6 40 4.1 94 9.8
40 10.6 24 6.3 64 16 ..9
13 N/A 30 N/A 31 N/A
305 5..5 220 4.0 5.25 9.5
Rate = Number of deaths per 1.000 live births in each termination group
Source: Arizona Vital Records
51
PREGNANCY SPACING
The hi ghest death rates in 1984 vlere for ba bi es vlhose mother had had a pregnancy
(birth or termination) within 12 months of the currently reported birth. Their
infant mortality rate was four times the rate of mothers with greater than one year
spacing (30.4/1~000 vs. 6.4/1,000 to 7.7/1,000). Tables 31 and X.
TABLE 31
INFANT MORTALITY - PREGNANCY SPACING
ARIZONA, 1984
TIME NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT
SINCE LAST BIRTH/TERM # RATE # RATE # RATE
(Years)
None 92 5.2 54 3.0 146 8.2
1ess than 1 50 22.4 18 8.0 68 30.4
1 to 11/2 30 3.3 27 3.0 57 6.4
over 11/2 118 4.5 83 3.2 201 7.7
Unknown 15 NIA 38 NIA 53 N/A
Total 305 5.5 220 4.0 525 9.5
Rate = Number of deaths per 1~000 live births in each group
Source: Arizona Vital Records
52
LEGITIMACY
The neonatal and infant death rates for babies whose mothers were not married were
almost twice as high as those for babies whose mothers were married; the
postneonatal death rates for the two groups did not differ appreciably. Tables 32
and Y.
TABLE 32
INFANT MORTALITY - MARITAL STATUS
ARIZONA, 1984
STATUS NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT
# RATE # RATE # RATE
Wed 204 4.8 132 3.1 336 7.9
Unwed 95 7.4 70 5.4 165 12.8
Unknown 6 NIA 18 NIA 24 NIA
Total 305 5.5 220 4.0 525 9.5
Rate = Number of deaths per 1,000 live births in each marital group
Source: Arizona Vital Records
CAUSE OF DEATII
A 3-year average of causes of death duri ng infancy was developed for the peri od
1982-84. The leading cause of neonatal and infant death was conditions surrounding
the perinatal period including prematurity and respiratory distress syndrome. Table
33. The leading cause of postneonatal death was ill-defined conditions, which was
comprised primarily of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).
53
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE 33
INFANT MORTALITY
BY CAUSE - 3 YEAR AVERAGE
1982-1984
NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT
CAUSE NUMBER PERCENT NUMBER PERCENT NUMBER PERCENT
Infection 14 105 23 3.9 37 2.4
Neoplasms 6 0.7 9 1.5 15 1.0
Endocrine, Metabol 5 0.5 16 2.7 21 1.4
Blood System 1 0.1 3 0.5 4 0.3
Nervous System 3 0.3 28 4.7 31 2.0
Meningitis 2 0.2 12 2.0 14 0.9
Other 1 0.1 16 2.7 17 1.1
Circulatory System 13 1..4 15 2.5 28 1.8
Respiratory System 8 0.9 47 8.0 55 3.6
Pneumonia 7 0.8 27 4.6 34 2.2
Other 1 0.1 20 3.4 21 1.4
Digestive System 2 0.2 23 3.9 25 1.7
Genitourinary System 10 1.1 4 0.7 14 0.9
Congenital Anom. 290 31.4 99 16.8 389 25.7
CNS" 42 4.6 9 1.5 51 3.4
Heart 105 11.4 64 10.8 169 11. 2
Lung 26 2.8 0.0 26 1.7
Kidney 33 3.6 0.0 33 2.2
Diaph. Hernia 21 2.3 0.0 21 1.4
Chromosomal 30 3.3 12 2.0 42 2.8
Other 33 3.6 14 2.4 47 3.1
Perinatal 542 58.7 34 5.8 576 38.0
Mat. Campl. 28 3.0 0.0 28 1.8
Cord, Placenta 25 2.7 0.0 25 1.7
Prematurity 122 13.2 0.0 122 8.1
Birth Trauma 18 2.0 3 0.5 21 1.4
Asphyxia 35 3.8 0.0 35 2.3
RDS 108 11.7 2 0.3 110 7.3
BPD 4 0.4 21 3.6 25 1.7
Other Res p. 86 9.3 0.0 86 5.7
I nfecti on 26 2.8 1 0.2 27 1.8
Hemmorrhage 27 2.9 1 0.2 28 1.8
Other 63 6.8 6 1.0 69 4.6
Symptoms, Ill-Def. 26 2.8 243 41.1 269 17 .8
Sids 21 2.3 231 39.1 252 16.6
Other 5 0.5 12 2.0 17 1.1
Accidents, Poison 3 0.3 46 7.8 49 3.2
TOTALS 923 100.0 591 100.0 1514 100.0
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
54
AP PEN DI X
LIST OF APPENDEX TABLES
A. Teenage Pregnancy by County of Residence, Arizona 1984
B. Number of Women by County of Residence with No Prenatal Care, 1979-1984
C. Rate of Women by County of Residence with No Prenatal Care, 1979-1984
D. Number of Women by County of Residence with 1-4 Prenatal Visits, 1979-1984
E. Rate of Women by County of Residence with 1-4 Prenatal Visits, 1979-1984
F. Number, Percentage, and Rate of Births with Inadequate Prenatal Care by County
and Community, Arizona, 1983-1984
G. Percentage of Births by Maternal Ethnicity and Prenatal Visits, Arizona, 1983­1984
H. Number of Births by Prenatal Visits, t~aternal Ethnicity, and County, Arizona,
1984
I. Percentage of Births by Maternal Age and Prenatal Visits, Arizona 1983-1984
J. Number of Births by Prenatal Visits, Maternal Age and County, Arizona, 1983-1984
K. Percentage of Births by Marital Status and Prenatal Visits, Arizona, 1983-1984
L. Number af Births by Prenatal Visits, Marital Status and County, Arizona, 1983­1984
M. Rate of Births by Birth Weight and Prenatal Visits, Arizona, 1983-1984
N. Number of Births by Prenatal Visits, Birth Weight and County, Arizona, 1983-1984
o. Percent of Low Birth Weight Births by Prenatal Visits, Age of Mother, and Race,
Arizona, 1980-1984
P. Infant Mortality - Prenatal Visits, Arizona, 1983-1984
Q. Infant Mortality - Birth Weight, Arizona, 1983-1984
R. Infant Mortality - Prenatal Visits by Age, Arizona, 1983-1984
S. Infant Mortality - Mother's Ethnicity, Arizona, 1983-1984
T. Infant Mortality - Plurality, Arizona, 1983-1984
u. Infant Mortality - Maternal Education, Arizona, 1983-1984
V. Infant Mortality - Previous Births, Arizona, 1983-1984
W. Infant Mortality - Previous Terminations, Arizona, 1983-1984
x. Infant Mortality - Pregnancy Spacing, Arizona, 1983-1984
Y. Infant Mortality - Marital Status, Arizona, 1983-1984
TABLE A
TEENAGE PREGNANCY BY
COUNTY OF RESIDENCE
Arizona, 1984
AGE
Total
Under 15 15-17 18-19 Under 20
I Rate # Rate # Rate # Rate
APACHE 10 3.6 112 68.5 187 153.3 309 54.. 9
Population 2773 1634 1220 5627
COCHISE 3 0..8 61 27.5 118 73.4 182 24.0
Popul ati on 3746 2221 1608 7575
COCONINO 0 0.0 78 38 .. 9 167 134.7 245 36.7
Popul ati on 3428 2006 1240 6674
GILA 2 1.3 42 42.9 91 161.3 135 43.4
Popul ati on 1571 978 564 3113
GRAHAM 1 0.9 32 45..4 54 139.5 87 39.4
Popul ati on 1115 105 387 2207
GREENLEE 0 0.. 0 10 32.4 27 156.1 37 34.0
Popul ati on 607 309 173 1089
LAPAZ 1 2.0 10 32 .. 4 16 93.6 27 27.6
Population 497 309 171 977
MARICOPA 67 1.1 1451 39.0 2621 65.2 4139 32 .. 9
Popul ati on 61,814 37,212 26,621 125,647
MOHAVE 0 0.0 43 32.1 98 103.8 141 32.2
Po pul ati on 2100 1340 944 4384
NAVAJO 5 0.7 95 21.1 209 66.4 309 20.4
Population 7515 4503 3145 15,163
PIMA 14 0.7 397 32.1 771 85.4 1182 28.1
Popul at; on 20647 12351 9030 42,028
1
,
TABLE A (Cont'd)
Under 15
# Rate I
15-17
Rate
AGE
,18-19
Rate
Total
Under 20
Rate
PINAl 3 0.7 141 56.9 236 150.0 380 46.6
Population 4110 2477 1573 8160
SANTA CRUZ 0 1.0 19 15.9 42 50.4 61 14.4
Population 2199 1192 834 4225
YAVAPAI 3 0.6 41 13.6 83 46.3 127 13.1
Population 4920 3004 1790 9714
YUMA 2 0.5 79 37.7 166 145.0 247 35.7
Population 3684 2093 1145 6922
TOTAL 111 1.0 2611 38.4 4886 102.8 7613 1)33.3
113,287 67,940 47,541 228,768
1) Unknowns not included
Source: Preliminary Arizona Vital Statistics
1/86
2
TABLE B
NUMBER OF WOMEN BY COUNTY OF
RESIDENCE WITH NO PRENATAL CARE
1979-1984
1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
Apache 124 96 81 118 70 69
Cochise 17 18 30 16 24 21
Coconino 48 55 43 48 61 42
Gila 18 16 18 24 11 15
Graham 18 19 20 22 9 9
Greenlee 1 ° ° 1 1 0
Mari copa 301 331 202 143 254 348
Mohave 14 22 15 11 15 21
Navajo 82 97 87 66 82 50
Pima 132 249 393 447 408 371
Pinal 29 33 39 49 43 37
Santa Cruz 13 11 22 29 19 20
Yavapai 12 17 17 15 5 6
Yuma 27 38 40 8 113 168
La Paz - Northern Part of Yuma County - 11 4
Total 836 1,002 1,007 997 1,126 1,181
Source: Preliminary Arizona Vital Statistics
1/86
3
TABLE C
RATE OF WOMEN BY COUNTY OF
RESIDENCE RECEIVING NO PRENATAL VISITS
1979-1983
1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
Apache 81.1 59.0 48.2 64.0 40.0 38.0
Cochise 11. 3 11.5 18.2 10.3 15.4 13.0
Coconino 29.4 30.2 24.8 27.1 33.8 23.2
Gila 25.4 25.5 23.7 29.6 16.1 22.3
Graham 37.6 37.1 39.3 47.0 20.8 20.2
Greenlee 3.8 0 0 3.9 5.5 -0-
Maricopa 12.0 12.4 7.3 5.0 8.8 11. 3
Mohave 19.4 25.2 16.9 12.4 16.4 21.2
Navajo 45.8 51.1 47.9 35.0 43.0 26.8
Pima 16.2 27.9 43.0 48.8 42.6 38.3
Pinal 17 .5 17.9 20.5 25.2 23.1 20.0
Santa Cruz 28.2 22.0 42.4 59.1 41.8 39.0
Yavapai 13.4 18.1 17.0 14.0 4.9 6.0
Yuma 15.3 21.2 20.6 4.2 16.6 95.9
La Paz --------------Unavailable-------------- 48.9 20.5
State Total 18.0 20.0 19.5 18.9 21.3 21.4
Number 836 1002 1007 997 1126 1181
Per 1,000 Live Births
Source: Preliminary Arizona Vital Statistics
1/86
4
TABLE D
NUMBER OF WOMEN BY COUNTY OF
RESIDENCE WITH 1-4 PRENATAL VISITS
1979-1984
1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
Apache 192 263 221 268 245 244
Cochise 100 112 118 110 130 105
Coconino 210 193 191 185 161 189
Gila 106 88 84 71 64 62
Graham 62 90 65 51 42 50
Greenlee 19 19 13 20 30 17
Maricopa 1,558 1,214 1,064 1,124 1,236 1,670
Mohave 66 70 75 53 58 107
Navajo 293 296 265 235 205 240
Pima 439 442 390 346 365 360
Pinal 177 196 212 189 185 195
Santa Cruz 76 73 56 50 40 66
Yavapai 48 47 40 40 53 40
Yuma 117 144 180 257 210 154
La Paz (Northern Part of Yuma County) 10
Total 3,463 3,247 2,974 3,001 3,045 3,509
Source: Preliminary Arizona Vital Statistics
1/86
5
TABLE E
RATE OF WOMEN BY COUNTY OF
RESIDENCE WITH 1-4 PRENATAL VISITS
1979-1984
1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
Apache 125.6 161. 6 131. 5 145.2 139.8 134.3
Cochise 99.6 71.3 71.7 70.7 83.3 64.9
Coconino 128.4 105.8 1l0.2 104.6 89.1 104.2
Gila 149.5 124.8 110.5 87.6 93.7 92.3
Graham 129.4 175.8 127.7 109.0 143.2 112.1
Greenlee 72.2 69.8 43.5 78.1 102.2 87.2
Mari copa 62.3 45.4 38.3 39.3 43.0 54.4
Mohave 91.3 80.4 84.6 59.8 63.2 . 108.3
Navajo 163.6 155.9 145.9 124.8 107.5 128.8
Pima 53.9 49.5 42.7 37.8 38.1 37.2
Pinal 106.9 106.5 111.6 97.2 99.2 105.5
Santa Cruz 164.8 146.8 107.9 101.8 87.9 128.9
Yavapai 53.8 50.2 40.1 37.5 51.7 40.0
Yuma 66.2 80.3 92.6 136.2 125.1 87.9
La Paz (Northern Part of Yuma County)
State' Total 7404 64.9 57.6 57.0 57.7 63.7
Number 3463 3247 2974 3001 3045 3509
Total
Prenatal Visits 92.40 84.90 76.9 75.9 79.0 85.1
Per 1,000 Live Births
Source: Preliminary Arizona Vital Statistics
1/86
6
TABLE F (Cont'd) Under 5 Visits %
of Total
0 1-4 Births
1983 1984 1983 1984 1983 1984
COCHISE
Douglas 4 4 39 31 14.8 12.1
Bisbee 5 4 16 13 14.7 16.3
Sierra Vista 3 5 30 22 703 6.9
Benson 1 0 6 4 12.5 12.5
Willcox 2 2 5 10 7.4 12.8
Huachuca City 1 0 5 0 9.7 0
Ft. Huachuca 4 0 6 17 3.5 3.3
Bowie 0 0 2 0 40.0 0
El fri da 0 0 3 0 12.0 0
Fairbank 0 0 1 0 50.0 0
Hereford 0 0 1 1 4.8 33.3
Naco 1 0 5 0 35.3 0
Pearce 0 0 1 0 9.1 0
Hi li top 0 0 i 0 100.0 1'\ u
St. David 1 0 1 0 10.5 0
San Simon 1 0 1 0 33.3 0
Paul Spur 0 0 4 0 22.2 0
Tombstone 1 0 2 0 11.1 0
Total 24 15 130 98
COCONINO
Fl agstaff 23 10 36 65 7.0 7.3
Wi 11 i ams 1 0 3 1 9.3 25.0
Page 4 2 17 10 11.7 9.3
Fredonia 1 0 2 0 14.3 0
Grand Canyon 1 0 2 0 8.1 0
Wudatki 0 0 1 0 20.0 0
Marble Canyon 0 0 1 0 25.0 0
Parks 0 0 1 0 25.0 0
Sedona 0 0 1 0 7.1 0
Ash Fork 0 0 1 0 100.0 0
Woods Canyon Lake 0 0 1 0 50.0 0
Cedar Ridge 1 0 5 0 20.7 0
Cameron 4 0 7 0 28.9 0
Bitter Spri ngs 1 0 3 0 28.6 0
Inscription 1 1 7 0 33.3 100.0
Kaibito 1 0 12 0 23.2 0
Le Chee 0 0 2 0 20.0 0
Canyon Diablo 2 0 5- 1 18.9 100.0
Havasupa iRes. 1 0 2 0 27.3 0
Hopi Res. 5 0 18 1 31.9 50.0
Navajo Mt. 2 0 4 0 33.3 0
Red Lake 1 0 2 0 11.5 0
Coalmine Mesa 0 0 1 0 16.7 0
Tuba City 12 30 27 141 12.9 17.6
Total 61 33 161 154
8
TABLE F (Cont'd) Under 5 visits %
of Total
0 1-4 Births
1983 1984 1983 1984 1983 1984
GILA
Globe 0 1 18 6 805 3.7
Miami 2 3 5 3 10,,1 5.1
Hayden 0 a 1 0 7,,1 a
Wi nkl eman 0 a 2 a 7.7 a
Cl aypool 2 a 4 a 15,,4 a
Payson 1 1 3 6 4..1 605
Pine 0 a 1 1 5.. 3 10000
Roosevelt 0 a 6 a 31 .. 5 a
Young 0 a 5 a 45 .. 5 0
Cibecue 0 0 1 a 6.1 a
San Carlos Res. 6 8 18 34 14,,7 27.3
Total 11 12 64 50
GRAHAM
Aravaipa 0 a 0 1 0 100.0
Safford 3 6 19 43 10.8 13.3
Thatcher 2 a 9 a 12.4 a
Central 1 a 0 a 16,,7 a
Sunset 0 a 1 a 25.0 a
Pima 0 a 7 a 13.7 a
San Carlos Res. 3 a 6 a 17.0 a
Total 9 5 42 44
GREENLEE
Clifton 1 1 6 a 14.9 100.0
Morenci 0 1 17 17 15 ..5 10.3
Duncan 0 a 6 a 22 .. 2 a
Franklin 0 0 1 a 50.0 a
Total 1 2 30 17
9
TABLE F (Cont'd) Under 5 Visits %
of Total
0 1-4 Births
1983 1984 1983 1984 1983 1984
MOHAVE
Ki ngman 6 13 18 56 1.6 14.5
Bull head City 4 2 1 4 801 35.3
Colorado City 2 0 12 1 1300 20.0
Havasu City 1 2 6 25 304 8.5
Mohave Valley 1 0 4 0 13.2 0
Riviera 1 2 14 4 12.5 12.8
Golden Shores 0 0 1 0 ILl 0
Wi ki up 0 0 1 0 2500 0
Hual apa i 0 0 1 0 302 0
Total 15 19 58 90
NAVAJO
Winslow 3 3 12 46 8.3 19.6
Holbrook 1 3 18 2 17 .0 7.9
Show Low 1 5 8 50 5.8 12.5
Heber 0 0 3 0 18.8 0
Lakeside 1 0 3 0 6.9 0
Pinetop 1 0 0 0 2.1 0
Snowfl ake 4 0 6 0 8.0 0
Sun Valley 0 0 1 0 33.3 0
Taylor 2 0 2 0 800 0
Oil kon 0 0 0 1 0 100.0
Sandspri ngs 0 0 1 0 10000 0
Bird Springs 0 0 2 0 33.3 0
Chi 1chi nbeto 0 0 1 0 4.3 0
Castle Butte 2 0 10 0 26.7 0
Lower Greasewood 1 0 4 0 22.1 0
Indi an Well s 4 0 4 0 23.5 0
Baby Rocks 10 0 26 0 1605 0
Monument Valley 0 0 1 0 25.0 0
Shonto 2 0 1 0 19.6 0
Hopi Res. 22 3 43 39 1900 22.2
Ft. Apache Res. 20 11 50 43 22.3 24.3
Cedar Spring 2 0 3 0 20.0 0
Total 82 25 205 181
10
TABLE F (Cont'd) Under 5 Visits %
of Total
0 1-4 Births
1983 1984 1983 1984 1983 1984
PINAL
Casa Grande 10 7 38 32 IL2 10.2
Coolidge 2 a 23 a 11.1 a
Eloy 6 C 24 4 16.9 20.0
Florence 3 15 14 96 11.3 27.2
Mammoth 3 a 1 0 23.3 a
Superi or 0 a 17 0 23.9 0
San Manuel 2 a 1 1 2.9 16.6
Kearny 0 2 2 13 3.8 37.5
Apache Junction 4 0 24 a 10.5 a
Mari copa 2 0 6 1 10.4 100.0
Oracle 2 a 4 0 13.6 0
Picacho 1 a 2 0 23.1 0
Stanfield n n 3 0 7.5 0 v v
Toltec 1 a 1 0 25.0 0
Valley Farms 1 0 0 0 25.0 0
Hayden 1 0 5 0 18.8 0
Queen Creek 0 0 4 0 14.8 0
Papago Res. 1 0 0 0 20.0 0
Gil a River Res. 3 a 9 1 8.7 20.0
Total 43 24 184 148
SANTA CRUZ
Nogal es 18 19 31 59 13.3 25.6
Patagoni a 0 a 1 a 7.7 a
Tumacacori 1 a 1 0 20.0 a
Ruby 0 a 1 1 100.0 100.0
Total 19 19 40 59
YAVAPAI
Dewey 0 1 0 1 0 a
Prescott 2 2 18 26 4.1 4.6
Clarkdale 0 a 2 1 6.1 14.3
Cottonwood 0 a 7 5 5.8 1.9
Bagdad 0 a 4 a 8.3 a
Ash Fork 0 a 1 a 7.1 a
Black Canyon 0 a 5 1 41.7 33.3
Camp Verde 0 a 5 1 8.1 50.0
Chino Valley 1 a 2 a 4.8 0
Congress 0 a 3 a 25.0 a
Cordes Junction 0 0 2 a 7.4 a
Oak Creek 0 a 1 0 8.3 a
Skull Valley 2 1 2 0 100.0 50.0
Total 5 4 53 35
11
TABLE F (Cont'd) Under 5 Visits %
of Total
0 1-4 Births
1983 1984 1983 1984 1983 1984
YUMA
Yuma 82 163 135 139 17,,9 18.0
Somerton 9 0 33 2 29.0 100.0
Dateland 2 a 1 0 12.4 0
Gadsden 1 0 6 a 41.,2 0
MCAS 2 0 5 0 6,,1 0
Roll 3 0 1 1 28.6 100.0
San Luis 10 0 10 1 34.5 100.0
Tacna 0 0 3 a 42.8 0
Well ton 3 0 10 0 33.3 0
Yuma Proving Gd. 1 0 6 0 15.6 0
Total 113 163 210 141
LA PAZ
Cibola 0 1 0 0 0 100.0
Parker 8 0 12 0 12.6 0
Ehrenberg 1 0 1 0 15.4 0
Quartzsite 1 0 3 0 26.7 0
Wenden 1 0 4 0 50.0 0
Colorado River Res. 0 0 2 0 ILl 0
Total 11 1 22 0
Source: Arizona Preliminary Vital Statistics.
Maricopa and Pima Counties census tract data available upon request to
the Arizona Department of Health Services, Division of Family Health
Services
1/86
12
TABLE G
PERCENTAGE OF BIRTHS BY MATERNAL
ETHNICITY AND PRENATAL VISITS
ARIZONA, 1983 &1984
WHITE INDIAN BLACK OTHER HISPANIC
83 84 83 84 83 84 83 84 83 84
APACHE
inadequate
0 1.1 0.3 4..5 4.6 000 0.0 3.8 0.0 503 0.0
1-4 5.. 1 11.6 16,,1 14.2 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 10G5 19.3
adequate 93.8 88.1 79.4 81.2 100.0 100.0 92 .. 3 100.0 84.. 2 80.7
TOTAL # 212 352 1390 1420 6 1 26 1 51 88
COCHISE
inadequate
0 1.3 1.4 0.0 12.5 2.2 0.0 1..8 0.0 1.8 1.8
1-4 5.0 6.6 7.7 0.0 5..4 7.5 4.8 3.4 15.4 9.6
adequate 93 .. 7 '92.0 92.3 87.5 ~"'L'',' ,:0>- '':v1,L.::rJ- :n:1..)...... :":e70.0e 00"')- .. 00 88.6
TOTAL # 194 1438 13 8 93 107 166 59 494 553
COCONINO
inadequate
0 1.4 0.8 5.. 5 4.1 5.9 5.3 1.5 0.0 4,,3 1.4
1-4 3.. 2 5.0 15 ..1 17.4 0.0 21.1 7.. 5 0.0 7.7 8.2
adequate 95.4 94.2 78.8 78.5 94.1 73.7 91.0 100.0 88.0 90.5
TOTAL # 841 1008 763 772 17 19 61 5 117 220
GILA
inadequate
0 0,,3 1.6 3.8 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 1.2
1-4 8.8 4.0 11.4 19.9 50.0 0.0 4,,7 0.0 809 6.1
adequate 90.9 94.4 84,,9 76.5 50GO 0.0 95,,3 100.0 89.0 92.7
TOTAL # 301 449 185 221 2 0 43 1 146 165
GRAHAM
inadequate
0 0,,9 1.3 5,,1 4.6 0,,0 0.0 3..4 33.3 2.7 1.3
1-4 5.2 11.0 10.2 10.8 0000 25.0 17.2 33.3 1703 15.6
adequate 93.9 87.7 84.7 84.6 100.0 75.0 79.3 33.3 80.0 83.1
TOTAL # 231 374 59 65 3 4 29 3 110 154
GREENLEE
inadequate
0 0.0 0.0 0,,0 0.0 0000 0.0 0.. 0 0.0 1.. 1 0.0
1-4 7.9 9.2 50,,0 0.0 OGO 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.7 14.0
adequate 92 .. 1 90.8 50.0 100.0 OGO 100.0 0.0 0.0 76,,1 86.0
TOTAL # 76 185 2 7 0 1 0 0 88 93
13
TABLE G (Cont'd) WHITE INDIAN BLACK OTHER HISPANIC
83 84 83 84 83 84 83 84 83 84
LA PAZ
inadequate
0 2eO 2.3 11.6 0.0 100eO 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ie7 3.3
1-4 6.9 6.9 2.3 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.2 11.5
adequate 91.1 90.8 86.0 9718 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 81.0 85.2
TOTAL # 101 130 43 45 1 4 0 0 58 61
MARICOPA
inadequate
0 0.4 1.1 2.9 3.1 1.5 1.4 1.1 0.5 2.1 2.7
1-4 2.6 5.1 9.3 12.5 7.2 8.2 5.5 6.3 8.6 10.4
adequate 96.9 93.8 87.8 84.4 91.3 90.4 93.4 93.2 89.3 86.9
TOTAL # 19601 28153 483 768 1203 1329 1489 428 5833 7413
MOHAVE
inadequate
0 1.1 2.2 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 OeO 12.5 2.2 2.6
1-4 5.9 10.8 9.3 12.8 0.0 0.0 15.2 0.0 4.4 9.1
adequate 92.6 87.0 86.0 87.2 100.0 0.0 84.8 87.5 93.3 88.3
TOTAL # 794 925 43 39 2 0 33 8 45 77
NAVAJO
inadequate
0 1e6 1.1 6e1 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.7
1-4 4.6 8.6 13.9 15.8 12.5 0.0 7.8 0.0 14.4 12.8
adequate 93.8 90.3 79.9 80.6 87.5 100.0 92.2 100.0 82.5 86.6
TOTAL # 1906 722 1126 1127 8 3 64 1 97 149
PIMA
inadequate
0 204 3.7 5.9 6.8 7.3 4.1 3.3 2.7 1.2 6.7
1-4 2e8 3.5 3.8 6.4 5.4 4.8 4.7 6.7 5.3 5.5
adequate 94.8 92.8 90.3 86.8 87.3 91.1 92.1 90.6 87.5 87.9
TOTAL # 5246 8780 335 424 276 314 672 149 2916 3478
PINAL
inadequate
0 1.7 1.7 3.7 2.8 5.4 7.3 1.7 0.0 2.6 2.6
1-4 6.9 10.1 9.9 11. 9 16.1 16.4 7.7 0.0 13e9 13.2
adequate 91.4 88.2 86.4 85.4 78.6 76.4 90.6 100.0 83.5 84.1
TOTAL # 825 1528 191 253 56 55 181 1 612 755
14
TABLE G (Cant'd) WHITE INDIAN BLACK OTHER HISPANIC
83 84 83 84 83 84 83 84 83 84
SANTA CRUZ
inadequate
0 3.5 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 4.2
1-4 5.3 12.8 0.0 0.0 0,,0 33.3 4.3 0.0 9,,7 13.9
adequate 91.2 83.3 100.0 0.0 100.0 66.7 95.1 0.0 85,,8 81.9
TOTAL # 57 508 1 0 1 3 23 0 373 453
YAVAPAI
inadequate
0 0.4 0.5 6.7 0.0 0.. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7
1-4 4.9 3.5 20.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 2,,9 50.0 6.9 8.2
adequate 94.7 96. a 73.3 80.0 100.0 100.0 97,,1 50.0 93.1 91.0
TOTAL # 901 967 15 20 2 6 35 2 72 134
YUMA
inadequate
0 4,,8 9.4 4,,3 8.0 1.7 11.7 6.3 4.2 9,,5 13.4
1-4 7.8 8.7 8.7 12.0 10.2 10.0 15.8 8.3 17,,7 10.1
adequate 87.4 81. 9 87.0 80.0 88.1 78.3 77 .9 87.5 72,,8 76.4
TOTAL # 794 1632 23 25 59 60 95 24 706 848
STATEWIDE
inadequate 1.0 1.9 5.0 4.1 2.8 2.3 1.9 1.3 3.9 4.1
0 3.3 5.5 13.1 14.1 7.1 8.0 6.1 6.3 9.2 9.5
1-4 95.7 92.6 81,,9 8l.8 90.1 89.7 92.0 92.4 86.9 86.4
adequate 30094 43680 3854 4251 1594 1709 2877 630 10188 12643
TOTAL # 31451 47151 4708 5194 1769 1906 3126 682 11724 14638
%= Number of births within specific ethnic and level of prenatal care
group/total number of births in specific ethnic group.
Source: Preliminary Arizona Vital Statistics
1/86
15
TABLE H
NUMBER OF BIRTHS BY PRENATAL VISITS,
MATERNAL ETHNICITY, AND COUNTY
ARIZONA, 1983-1984
WHITE INDIAN BLACK OTHER HISPANIC
83 84 83 84 83 84 83 84 83 84
APACHE
inadequate
a 3 1 63 66 0 0 1 0 3 0
1-4 14 41 224 201 0 a 1 0 6 17
adequate 255 310 1,103 1,153 6 1 24 1 48 71
Total 272 352 1,390 1,420 6 1... 26 1 57 88
COCHISE
inadequate
a 10 20 0 1 2 0 3 0 9 10
1-4 40 95 1 ° 5 8 8 2 76 53
adequate 744 1,323 12 7 86 99 155 57 409 490
total ,nJl ., ...,..,n ,..,
1:1.. .L,'t.:>O J.J 8 n;;7')J 1J1.V'\I7 1.lt.:U.eU:. ~,J.a,/ 494 553
COCONINO
inadequate
° 12 8 42 32 1 1 1 0 5 3
1-4 27 50 120 134 0 4 5 0 9 18
adequate 802 950 601 606 16 14 61 5 103 199
total 841 1,008 763 772 17 19 67 5 117 220
GILA
inadequate
0 1 7 7 8 0 0 0 ° 3 2
1-4 27 18 21 44 1 ° 2 ° 13 10
adequate 279 424 157 169 1 0 41 1 130 153
total 307 449 185 221 2 0 43 1 146 165
GRAHAM
inadequate
0 2 5 3 3 0 0 1 1 3 2
1-4 12 41 6 7 0 1 5 1 19 24
adequate 217 328 50 55 3 3 23 1 88 128
total 231 374 59 65 3 4 29 3 110 154
GREENLEE
inadequate
° 0 0 0 ° 0 0 0 0 1 1-4 6 17 1 0 0 ° ° 3 0 20 13
adequate 70 168 1 7 0 1 15 0 67 80
total 76 185 2 7 0 1 18 0 88 93
16
17
TABLE H (Cant-d)
WHITE INDIAN BLACK OTHER HISPANIC
83 84 83 84 83 84 83 84 83 84
SANTA CRUZ
inadequate
0 2 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 19
1-4 3 65 0 0 0 1 1 0 36 62
adequate 52 423 1 0 1 2 22 0 320 369
total 57 508 1 0 1 3 23 0 373 450
YAVAPAI
inadequate
0 4 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1-4 44 34 3 4 0 0 1 1 5 11
adequate 853 928 11 16 2 6 34 1 67 122
total 901 967 15 20 2 6 35 2 72 134
YUMA
inadequate
0 38 154 1 2 1 7 6 1 67 114
1-4 62 142 2 3 6 6 15 2 125 86
adequate 694 1,336 20 20 52 47 74 21 514 648
total 794 1,632 23 25 59 60 95 24 706 848
STATEWIDE
inadequate
0 323 898 236 213 49 44 58 9 460 605
1-4 1,034 2,573 618 730 126 153 191 43 1,076 1,390
adequate 30,094 43,680 3,854 4,251 1,594 1,709 2,877 630 10,188 12,643
total 31,451 47,151 4,708 5,194 1,769 1,906 3,126 682 11,724 14,638
Source: Preliminary Arizona Vital Statistics
18
TABLE I
PERCENTAGE OF BIRTHS BY MATERNAL
AGE AND PRENATAL VISITS
ARIZONA, 1983-1984
<15 15-19 20-34 >34
1983 1984 1983 1984 1983 1984 1983 1984
APACHE
inadequate
0 0.. 0 10.0 4.. 3 4.3 4.. 0 3.6 3.. 6 3.7
1-4 25 .. 0 10.0 15.. 1 15.1 14.. 2 13.4 9..5 12.7
adequate 75.0 80.0 80.. 6 80.6 8L8 82.9 86 ..9 83.6
TOTAL # 4 10 299 299 1310 1331 137 134
COCHISE
inadequate
0 0.0 0.0 3.2 1.7 1..3 1.3 1.1 1.1
1-4 0.. 0 0.0 14..8 11.2 7.4 5.8 6.7 7.5
adequate ".LIIU'\.U'" .. nU ".l1.'\U1"U\ .Uf\ On1.L.:n1 0o'1"! • L') 91.4 n:;"c..."nJ 92 .. 1 Q.JJ1...""AT
TOTAL # 3 3 216 179 1251 1338 89 93
COCONINO
inadequate
0 0.. 0 0.0 4.7 4.5 2.8 1.6 8.. 6 6.2
1-4 25.0 0.0 11.6 15.9 8.1 9.7 14.3 8.0
adequate 75.0 0.0 83.6 79.6 89.1 88.7 77 .. 1 85.8
TOTAL # 4 0 232 245 1462 1446 105 113
GILA
inadequate
0 0.. 0 33.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.6 8.1
1-4 33.3 0.0 9.0 9.8 9..4 9.0 7.. 9 10.8
adequate 66.7 66.7 89.6 88.7 89 .. 0 89.2 89.5 81.1
TOTAL # 3 3 134 133 508 498 38 37
GRAHAM
inadequate
0 0.. 0 0.0 2.. 6 4.7 1.5 1.5 7.7 0.0
1-4 33.. 3 0.0 13.2 15.1 8..9 10.2 7.7 12.0
adequate 66.7 100.0 84.. 2 80.2 89..6 88.3 84.6 88.0
TOTAL # 3 1 76 86 327 334 26 25
GREENLEE
inadequate
0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.. 0 0.0 0.. 0 0.0
1-4 0.. 0 0.0 25.0 2.8 15 .. 0 10.6 12.. 5 0.0
adequate 100.0 0.0 71..4 97.2 85.0 89.4 87 .. 5 100.0
TOTAL # 1 0 28 36 147 151 8 6
19
TABLE I (Cont'd) <15 15-19 '20-34 .,. 34
1983 1984 1983 1984 1983 1984 1983 1984
LA PAZ
inadequate
0 0.0 0.0 12.8 7.7 2.9 0.7 1.1 0.0
1-4 100.0 0.0 17..9 3.8 7.6 4.9 7.7 18.2
adequate 0.. 0 100.0 69.2 88.5 89.5 94.4 84.6 81.8
TOTAL # 1 1 39 26 172 142 13 11
MARICOPA
inadequate
0 2.6 13.4 1,,9 2.2 0.7 009 1.1 008
1-4 17..1 7.5 8.7 11.5 3.5 4.5 3.5 405
adequate 80.3 79.1 89.3 8603 95.8 9406 95.4 94 06
TOTAL # 76 67 4106 4073 23034 24871 1493 1671
MOHAVE
inadequate
0 0.0 100.0 2.5 1.4 1.4 2.0 2.4 4.3
1-4 0.0 0.0 8.1 13 .5 5.6 10.1 11.9 15.2
adequate 0.0 0.0 89.4 85.1 93.0 87.9 85.7 80.4
TOTAL # 0 1 161 141 714 784 42 46
NAVAJO
inadequate
0 0.0 0.0 6.5 4.3 3.9 2.2 4.0 3.9
1-4 50.0 40.0 16.3 14.9 9.5 12.9 9.9 8.6
adequate 50.0 60.0 71 .2 80.9 86.7 8409 86 .. 1 87.5
TOTAL # 4 5 325 303 1426 1392 151 152
PIMA
inadequate
0 33.3 701 9.4 8.2 3.. 5 302 3.6 3.2
1-4 8.3 7.1 6.8 7.2 3.4 3.3 2.5 2.7
adequate 58.3 85.7 83.9 8406 93.1 93.5 93.8 94.1
TOTAL # 12 14 1197 1168 7816 7929 552 555
PINAL
inadequate
0 0.0 33.3 3.4 2.7 2.0 1.7 2.2 2.4
~-4 0.0 33.3 14.0 14.1 8.9 9.4 7.6 12.9
adequate 100.0 33.3 82.6 83.3 89.1 88.8 90.2 84.7
T(lTIII :I! 7 3 385 377 1380 1372 92 85 I v I ""'" II
20
TABLE I (Cant-d) <"IS 15-19 20-34 >34
1983 1984 1983 1984 1983 1984 1983 1984
SANTA CRUZ
inadequate
0 OeO 0.0 5e6 9.8 4e2 3.2 2,,6 2.6
1-4 0,,0 0.0 13eO 19.7 7,,8 12.2 12,,8 10.3
adequate 100.0 0.0 81 .. 5 70.5 88.. 1 84.7 84.. 6 87.2
TOTAL # 0 0 54 61 361 411 39 39
YAVAPAI
inadequate
0 0.. 0 0.0 0.. 0 1.6 0.. 6 0.4 OeO 1.3
1-4 OeO 0.0 9..7 8.9 4.. 6 3.0 1..4 5.2
adequate 100.0 100.0 90.3 89.5 94.7 96.6 98.6 93.5
TOTAL # 2 3 155 124 799 792 69 77
YUMA
inadequate
0 0.0 0.0 10.1 15.1 6.. 0 8.7 8.5 5.5
1-4 OeO 50.0 20.5 12.2 11.0 8.1 11.7 8.8
adequate 100.0 50.0 69.4 72.2 83.0 83.2 79.8 85.7
TOTAL # 1 2 258 245 1324 1404 94 91
STATEWIDE
inadequate
0 4.9 12.4 3.. 9 3.9 1.8 l.8 2.5 2.1
1-4 17.. 2 9.7 10.1 11. 4 5.. 0 5.6 5.2 5.7
adequate 77.9 77.9 86.0 84.7 93.2 92.6 92.4 92.2
TOTAL # 122 113 7665 7496 42031 44195 2948 3135
%= Number of births within specific age and level of care group/total number
of births in specific ethnic groups.
Source: Preliminary Arizona Vital Statistics
1/86
21
TABLE J
NUMBER OF BIRTHS BY PRENATAL VISITS,
MATERNAL AGE AND COUNTY
ARIZONA, 1983-1984
,<r
" 15 15-19 20-34 )34
83 84 83 84 83 84 83 84
APACHE
inadequate
0 0 1 13 13 52 48 5 5
1-4 1 1 45 45 186 179 13 17
adequate 3 8 241 241 1,072 1,104 119 112
total 4 10 299 299 1,310 1,331 137 134
COCHISE
inadequate
0 0 0 7 3 16 17 1 1
1-4 0 0 32 20 92 78 6 7
adequate 3 3 177 156 1,143 1,243 82 85
total 3 3 216 179 1,251 1,338 89 93
COCONINO
inadequate
0 0 0 11 11 41 23 9 7
1-4 1 0 27 39 118 140 15 9
adequate 3 0 194 195 1,303 1,283 81 97
total 4 0 232 245 1,462 1,446 105 113
GILA
inadequate
0 0 1 2 2 8 9 1 3
1-4 1 0 12 13 48 45 3 4
adequate 2 2 120 118 452 444 34 30
total 3 3 134 133 508 498 38 37
GRAHAM
inadequate
0 0 0 2 4 5 5 2 0
1-4 1 0 10 13 29 34 2 3
adequate 2 1 64 69 293 295 22 22
total 3 1 76 86 327 334 26 25
GREENLEE
inadequate
0 0 0 1 0 0 a 0 0
1-4 0 0 7 1 22 16 1 0
adequate 1 0 20 35 125 135 7 6
total 1 0 28 36 147 151 8 6
22
TABLE J (Cont'd)
"15 15-19 20-34 >34
83 84 83 84 83 84 83 84
LA PAZ
inadequate
0 0 0 5 2 5 1 1 0
1-4 1 a 7 1 13 7 1 2
adequate 0 1 27 23 154 134 11 9
total 1 1 39 26 172 142 13 11
MARICOPA
inadequate
0 2 9 76 89 160 232 16 14
1-4 13 5 358 469 812 1,118 53 76
adequate 61 53 3,672 3,515 22,062 23,521 1,424 1,581
total 76 67 4,106 4,073 23,304 24,871 1,493 1,671
MOHAVE
inadequate
0 0 1 4 2 10 16 1 2
1-4 0 0 13 19 40 79 5 7
adequate 0 0 144 120 664 689 36 37
total 0 1 161 141 714 784 42 46
NAVAJO
inadequate
0 0 0 21 13 55 30 6 6
1-4 2 2 53 45 135 180 15 13
adequate 2 3 251 245 1,236 1,182 130 133
total 4 5 325 303 1,426 1,392 151 152
PIMA
Inadequate
0 4 1 112 96 270 253 20 18
1-4 1 1 81 84 269 260 14 15
adequate 7 12 1,004 988 7,277 7,416 518 522
total 12 14 1,197 1,168 7,816 7,929 552 555
PINAl
inadequate
0 0 1 13 10 28 24 2 2
1-4 0 1 54 53 123 129 7 11
adequate 7 1 318 314 1,229 1.219 83 72
total 7 3 385 377 1,380 1,372 92 85
23
TABLE J (Cont'd)
( 15 15-19 20-34 ?34
83 84 83 84 83 84 83 84
SANTA CRUZ
inadequate
0 0 0 3 6 15 13 1 1
1-4 0 0 7 12 28 50 5 4
adequate 1 0 44 43 318 348 33 34
total 1 0 54 61 361 411 39 39
YAVAPAI
inadequate
0 0 0 0 2 5 3 0 1
1-4 0 0 15 11 37 24 1 4
adequate 2 3 140 111 757 765 68 72
total 2 3 155 124 799 792 69 77
YUMA
inadequate
0 0 0 26 37 79 122 8 5
1-4 0 1 53 30 146 114 11 8
adequate 1 1 179 178 1,099 1,168 75 78
total 1 2 258 245 1,324 1,404 94 91
STATEWIDE
inadequate
0 6 14 296 290 749 796 73 65
1-4 21 11 774 855 2,098 2,453 152 180
adequate 95 88 6,595 6,351 39,184 40,946 2,723 2,890
total 122 113 7,665 7,496 42,031 44,195 2,948 3,135
Source: Preliminary Arizona Vital Statistics
1/86
24
TABLE K
PERCENTAGE OF BIRTHS BY MARITAL
STATUS AND PRENATAL VISITS
ARIZONA, 1983-1984
UNWED WED
1983 1984 1983 1984
APACHE
inadequate
0 6.3 5.2 2A 2.7
1-4 11.6 17.2 11.4 ILl
adequate 76.1 77 .5 86.2 86.2
TOTAL # 720 743 1028 1031
COCHISE
inadequate
0 3.8 3.2 1.1 0.9
1-4 15.7 12.2 6.9 5.3
adequate 80.5 84.5 92.1 93.8
TOTAL # £'.lU~."L 278 1.A?..&O-J.7f 1335
COCONINO
inadequate
0 7.2 5.3 1.9 0.9
1-4 15.7 19.0 6.3 6.5
adequate 77.1 75.6 91.8 92.6
TOTAL # 502 562 1302 1242
GILA
inadequate
0 3.2 4.0 1.0 1.5
1-4 18.2 18.2 6.1 5.5
adequate 78.6 77 .8 92.9 93.0
TOTAL # 187 198 495 473
GRAHAM
inadequate
0 4.6 3.6 L4 1.5
1-4 13.8 22.5 8.7 7.4
adequate 81.6 73.9 89.9 91.1
TOTAL # 87 111 346 336
GREENLEE
inadequate
0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1-4 36.0 7.7 13.2 9.0
adequate 60.0 92.3 86.8 91.0
TOTAL # 25 26 159 167
25
TABLE K(Cootld) UNWED WED
1983 1984 1983 1984
LA PAZ
inadequate 4.7 0.0 4.4 2.4
0 15.6 7.0 7.6 4.9
1-4 79.6 93.0 88.0 92.7
adequate 64 57 158 123
TOTAL #
MARICOPA
inadequate
0 2.4 2.9 0.5 0.6
1-4 9.8 12.3 2.9 3.5
adequate 87.8 84.8 96.9 95.8
TOTAL # 5843 6681 22865 24002
MOHAVE
inadequate
0 3.9 4.8 1.2 1.7
1-4 7.8 15.8 6.1 9.9
adequate 88.2 79.5 92.8 88.4
TOTAL # 153 146 759 826
NAVAJO
inadequate
0 7.8 5.4 2.6 1.2
1-4 20.4 18.2 6.. 2 10.3
adequate 71.7 76.4 91.2 88.5
TOTAL # 612 628 1294 1225
PIMA
inadequate
0 10.1 9.1 2.. 6 2.3
1-4 7..1 8.1 2.9 2.5
adequate 82.9 82.8 94.5 95.2
TOTAL # 2147 2157 7431 7510
PINAL
inadequate
0 4.6 3.0 1.4 1.5
1-4 16.8 16.1 7.0 7.9
adequate 78.6 80.9 91..6 90.6
TOTAL # 543 59'1 1320 1240
26
TABLE K (Cant'd) UNWED WED
1983 1984 1983 1984
SANTA CRUZ
inadequate
0 7.9 7.1 3.3 2.4
1-4 15.7 18.6 7.1 29.1
adequate 16.4 74.3 89.6 68.5
TOTAL # 89 113 366 498
YAVAPAI
inadequate
0 1..4 1.2 0.3 0.5
1-4 9.1 11.2 4.4 2.5
adequate 89.0 87.6 95.2 97.0
TOTAL # 145 161 880 835
YUMA
inadequate
0 15.8 18.0 5.0 7.5
1-4 25.3 12.7 10.0 7.9
adequate 59.0 69.3 85.0 84.6
TOTAL #. 273 322 1404 1420
STATEWIDE
inadequate
0 5.1 4.7 L3 1.3
1-4 11.7 12.9 4.9 4.4
adequate 83.2 82.4 93.7 94.3
TOTAL # 11651 12780 41104 42167
%= Number of births within specific marital status and level of care
group/total number of births in specific marital group
Source: Preliminary Arizona Vital Statistics
1/86
27
TABLE l
NUMBER OF BIRTHS BY PRENATAL VISITS,
MARITAL STATUS AND COUNTY
ARIZONA, 1983-1984
UNWED WED
83 84 83 84
APACHE
inadequate
0 45 39 25 28
1-4 127 128 117 114
adequate 548 576 886 889
total 720 743 1,028 1,031
COCHISE
inadequate
0 10 9 14 12
1-4 41 34 89 "71
I .L
adequate 210 235 1,194 1,252
total 261 278 1,297 1,335
COCONINO
inadequate
0 36 30 25 11
1-4 79 107 82 81
adequate 387 425 1,195 1,150
total 502 562 1,302 1,242
GILA
inadequate
0 6 8 5 7
1-4 34 36 30 26
adequate 147 154 460 440
total 187 198 495 473
GRAHAM
inadequate
0 4 4 5 5
1-4 12 25 30 25
adequate 71 82 311 306
total 87 III 346 336
GREENLEE
inadequate
0 1 0 0 0
1-4 9 2 21 15
adequate 15 24 138 152
total 25 26 159 167
28
TABLE L (Cont'd)
UNWED WED
83 83 83 84
LA PAZ
inadequate
0 3 0 7 3
1-4 10 4 12 6
adequate 51 53 139 114
total 64 57 158 123
MARICOPA
inadequate
0 139 193 115 151
1-4 573 821 663 847
adequate 5,131 5,667 22,087 23,004
total 5,843 6,681 22,865 24,002
MOHAVE
inadequate
0 6 7 9 14
1-4 12 23 46 82
adequate 135 116 704 730
total 153 146 759 826
NAVAJO
inadequate
0 48 34 34 15
1-4 125 114 80 126
adequate 439 480 1,180 1,084
total 612 628 1,294 1,225
PIMA
inadequate
0 216 196 192 172
1-4 152 174 213 186
adequate 1,779 1,787 7,026 7,152
total 2,147 2,157 7,431 7,510
PINAL
inadequate
0 25 18 18 19
1-4 91 96 93 98
adequate 472 483 1,209 1,123
total 543 597 1,320 1,240
29
TABLE L (Cant'd)
UNWED WED
83 84 83 84
SANTA CRUZ
inadequate
a 7 8 12 12
1-4 14 21 26 145
adequate 68 84 328 341
total 89 113 366 498
YAVAPAI
inadequate
a 2 2 3 4
1-4 14 18 39 21
adequate 129 141 838 810
total 145 161 880 835
YUMA
inadequate
a 43 58 70 106
1-4 69 41 141 112
adequate 161 223 1,193 1,202
total 273 322 1,404 1,420
STATEWIDE
inadequate
a 591 606 534 560
1-4 1,362 1,644 1,682 1,855
adequate 9,698 10,530 38,888 39,752
total 11,651 12,780 41,104 42,167
Source: Preliminary Arizona Vital Statistics
1/86
30
TABLE M
RATE OF BIRTHS BY BIRTH
WEIGHT AND PRENATAL VISITS
ARIZONA~ 1983-1984
(' 1501 Gr.
-
1501-2500 Gr. <2501 Gr.
83 84 83 84 83 84
APACHE
inadequate
0 14.. 3 44.8 128.6 104.5 142.. 9 149.3
1-4 16..3 12.4 73 .. 5 87.1 89.8 99.5
adequate 7..7 7.5 45.3 41.0 53.0 48.5
all levels 9..1 9.6 52..5 49.7 61.7 59.3
COCHISE
inadequate
0 125.0 0.0 12500 142.9 250.0 142.9
1-4 30.8 38.1 9203 76.2 123.1 114.3
adequate 12.1 9.4 71.8 64.1 83.9 73.5
all levels 15.4 11. 2 74.4 65.9 89.7 77 .1
COCONINO
inadequate
0 32.8 24.4 180.3 122.0 213.1 146.4
1-4 31.1 10.6 80.7 Ill. 7 111.8 122.3
adequate 8.2 5.7 48.0 47.6 56.2 53.3
all levels 11.1 6.6 55.4 56.0 66.5 62.6
GILA
inadequate
0 0.0 66.7 181.8 200.0 181.8 266.7
1-4 0.0 32.3 46.9 48.4 46.9 80.7
adequate 8.2 5.1 34.5 48.9 42.7 54.0
all 1evel s 7.3 9.0 38.1 52.2 45.4 61.2
GRAHAM
inadequate
0 0.. 0 0.0 UL1 0.0 111.0 0.0
1-4 0.0 20.4 47 ..6 40.8 47.6 61.2
adequate 800 2.6 23.9 23.3 31.9 25.9
all levels 7.0 4.5 28.0 24.7 3500 29.2
GREENLEE
inadequate
0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1-4 69.0 0.0 000 0.0 69.0 0.0
adequate 0.0 17.0 45.8 39.8 45.8 56.8
all levels 10.9 15.5 38.2 36.3 49.2 51.8
31
TABLE M(Cont'd)
<1501 Gr. 1501-2500 Gr. <2501 Gr.
83 84 83 84 83 84
LA PAZ
inadequate
0 0.0 0.0 90.9 0.0 90.9 0.0
1-4 45.5 0.0 318.. 2 0.0 363..1 0.0
adequate 20.8 6.1 62.5 42.4 83.3 48.5
all levels 22.2 5.6 88.9 39.3 111..1 44.9
MARICOPA
inadequate
0 31.5 40.7 131.8 113.4 169.. 3 154.1
1-4 30.1 38.4 85 .. 0 78.7 115.1 117.1
adequate 1.1 8.4 41 ..5 49.9 55 .. 2 58.3
all levels 8.9 10.4 49.9 52.2 58.8 62.6
MOHAVE
inadequate
0 66.1 142.9 66.1 0.0 133.. 4 142.9
1-4 33.9 0.0 50..8 133.3 84.1 50.8
adequate 4..1 5.9 49.6 52.1 54.. 3 58.0
all 1evel s 1.6 8.2 50.0 59.8 51.6 68.0
NAVAJO
inadequate
0 12.2 20.4 109.8 102.0 122.0 122.4
1-4 14.. 6 16.7 63 .. 4 62.5 18.0 79.2
adequate 6.8 7.1 40.1 44.9 46.9 52.0
all 1evel s 1..9 8.7 45.6 48.7 53.5 57.4
PIMA
inadequate
0 49 .. 0 43.6 112.1 87.2 161 ..1 130.8
1-4 11..2 47.2 11.2 86.1 142.4 133.3
adequate 8.. 3 5.9 45.5 45.7 53.8 51.6
all levels 12..4 8.9 49.4 48.8 61.8 57.7
PINAL
inadequate
0 23 .. 3 27.0 139.5 54.1 162..8 81.1
1-4 5.. 4 15.5 38.. 0 56.7 43.4 72.2
adequate 10.4 6.2 50.1 45.6 61..1 51.8
all levels 10.. 2 7.6 51.5 46.9 61.1 54.6
SANTA CRUZ
inadequate
0 OeO 0.0 52.. 6 150.0 52.6 150.0
1-4 0.. 0 0.0 100.0 30.3 100.0 30.3
adequate 5..1 2.4 42.9 23.5 48.0 25.9
all levels 4.. 4 2.0 48.4 29.4 52.8 31.3
32
TABLE M(Cont'd) < 1501 Gr. 1501-2500 Gr. ~ 2501 Gr.
83 84 83 84 83 84
YAVAPAI
inadequate
0 0.0 0.0 0.0 166.7 0,,0 166.7
1-4 150.9 51.3 75,,5 128.2 226.4 179.5
adequate 7.2 3.2 54..8 64.1 62,,0 67.3
all levels 14.6 5.0 55,,6 67.3 70.2 72.3
YUMA
inadequate
0 26.5 0.0 97.3 61.0 123.8 61.0
1-4 14.3 26.1 66..7 71.9 81.0 98.0
adequate 3.0 7.0 42.8 47.0 45,,8 54.0
all levels 6.0 8.0 49.5 50.0 55.5 58.5
STATEWIDE
inadequate
0 35.5 34.4 120.8 94.5 156.3 128.9
1-4 31.9 30.3 75,,9 78.7 107.8 109.0
adequate 7.8 7.5 47.4 48.7 55.2 56.2
all levels 9.8 9.5 50.6 51.6 60.4 61.1
Rate = Number of births in specific birth weight group per 1000 live births in
each prenatal care group
Source: Preliminary Arizona Vital Statistics
1/86
33
TABLE N
NUMBER OF BIRTHS BY PRENATAL
VISITS, BIRTH WEIGHT, AND COUNTY
ARIZONA, 1983-1984
(1501 Gr. 1501-2500 Gr. Under 2501 Gr. Over 2500 Gr.
83 84 84 83 83 84 83 84
APACHE
inadequate
0 1 3 9 7 10 10 60 57
1-4 4 3 18 21 22 24 223 217
adequate 11 11 65 60 76 71 1360 1393
total 16 17 92 88 108 105 1643 1667
COCHISE
inadequate
0 3 0 3 3 6 3 18 18
1-4 4 4 12 8 16 12 114 93
adequate 1...7, 1..1.1,. 101 95 118 109 1288 1373
total 24 18 116 106 140 124 1420 1484
COCONINO
inadequate
0 2 1 11 5 13 6 48 35
1-4 5 2 13 21 18 23 143 165
adequate 13 9 76 75 89 84 1494 1491
total 20 12 100 101 120 113 1685 1691
GILA
inadequate
0 0 1 2 3 2 4 9 11
1-4 0 2 3 3 3 5 61 57
adequate 5 3 21 29 26 32 582 561
total 5 6 26 35 31 41 652 629
GRAHAM
inadequate
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 8 9
1-4 0 1 2 2 2 3 40 46
adequate 3 1 14 9 17 10 365 377
total 3 2 17 11 20 13 413 432
GREENLEE
inadequate
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
1-4 2 0 1 0 3 0 27 17
adequate 0 3 7 7 7 10 146 166
total 2 3 8 7 10 10 174 183
34
TABLE N (Contld)
<1501 Gr. 1501-2500 Gr. Under 2501 Gr. Over 2500 Gr.
83 84 84 83 83 84 83 84
LA PAZ
inadequate
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 10 3
1-4 1 0 7 0 8 a 14 10
adequate 4 1 12 7 16 8 176 157
total 5 1 20 7 25 8 100 170
MARICOPA
inadequate
a 8 14 35 39 43 53 211 291
1-4 38 64 105 131 143 195 1093 1470
adequate 209 242 1293 1431 1502 1673 25723 26985
total 255 320 1433 1601 1688 1921 27027 28746
MOHAVE
inadequate
a 1 3 1 a 2 3 13 18
1-4 2 a 3 14 5 14 54 91
adequate 4 5 42 44 46 49 800 795
total 7 8 46 58 53 66 867 904
NAVAJO
inadequate
0 1 1 9 5 10 6 72 43
1-4 3 4 13 15 16 19 189 221
adequate 11 11 65 70 76 81 1543 1478
total 15 16 87 90 102 106 1804 1742
PIMA
inadequate
a 20 16 46 32 66 48 342 319
1-4 26 17 26 31 52 48 313 312
adequate 73 53 401 408 474 461 8334 8467
total 119 86 473 471 592 557 8989 9098
PINAL
inadequate
a 1 1 6 2 7 3 36 34
1-4 1 3 7 11 8 14 176 180
adequate 17 10 83 73 100 83 1537 1519
total 19 14 96 86 115 100 1749 1733
35
TABLE N (Cont'd) -<
1501 Gr. 1501-2500 Gr. Under 2501 Gr. Over 2500 Gr.
83 84 84 83 83 84 83 84
SANTA CRUZ
inadequate
a 0 a 1 3 1 3 18 17
1-4 0 a 4 2 4 2 36 64
adequate 2 1 17 10 19 11 371 414
total 2 1 22 15 24 16 431 495
YAVAPAI
inadequate
a 0 a 0 1 0 1 5 5
1-4 8 2 4 5 12 7 41 32
adequate 7 3 53 61 60 64 907 887
total 15 5 57 67 72 72 953 924
YUMA
inadequate
a 3 0 11 10 14 10 99 154
1-4 3 4 14 11 17 15 193 138
adequate 4 10 58 67 62 77 1292 1348
total 10 14 83 88 93 102 1584 1640
STATEWIDE
inadequate
a 40 40 136 110 176 150 950 1014
1-4 96 106 232 275 328 381 2717 3113
adequate 378 377 2308 2446 2686 2823 45924 47411
total 514 523 2676 2831 31901 3354 49591 51538
Source: Preliminary Arizona Vital Statistics
1/86
36
TABLE 0
PERCENTAGE OF LBW BIRTHS BY
PRENATAL VISITS, AGE OF
MOTHER AND RACE
Arizona, 1980-1984
PRENATAL VISITS
AGE(YRS) RACE NONE 1-4 OVER 4 TOTAL
Less than 18 All 21.2 13.1 7.2 8.5
White 21.5 13 .3 7.1 8.3
Indian 16.7 8.8 5.2 6.5
Black 37.0 21.0 12.7 14.4
Other 50.0 38.5 13.8 22.7
Hispanic 18.2 11.8 7.3 8.4
18-24 All 14.6 11.5 5.7 6.3
White 14.4 12.1 5.6 6.1
Indian 2.1 8.4 4.1 5.2
Black 28.6 16.3 11.1 12.1
Other 22.2 12.7 5.7 6.6
Hispanic 12.0 8.9 5.7 6.3
25-34 All 13 .6 10.5 5.1 5.4
White 13 .3 10.9 5.0 5.3
Indian 13.3 7.6 4.5 5.3
Black 19.2 23.4 10.3 11.2
Other 26.3 U.5 4.3 4.9
Hispanic 12.5 7.9 5.1 5.5
35 PLUS All 16.8 12.6 6.0 6.7
White 16.8 13 .1 5.9 6.5
Indian 16.1 10.8 4.8 6.6
Black 40.0 16.7 10.7 U.5
Other 0.0 18.8 9.0 9.5
Hispanic 14.4 7.8 5.6 6.2
TOTAL All 15.3 11.4 5.5 6.0
White 15.1 11.9 5.4 5.9
Indian 13 .3 8.3 4.4 5.5
Black 27.7 18.7 11.0 12.0
Other 24.4 14.5 5.2 6.0
Hispanic 13 .1 8.9 5.6 6.2
%= Number of low birth weight births in each specific ethnic and prenatal
care group/total number of births in each specific ethnic group
Source: Arizona Vital Records
1/86
37
TABLE P
INFANT MORTALITY - PRENATAL VISITS
Arizona, 1983
NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT
VISITS # RATE , RATE I RATE
0 26 23 ..0 7 6,,2 33 29.. 2
1-4 60 19..6 15 4.. 9 75 24 .. 4
5-14 182 4.. 3 138 3..3 320 7..6
14 43 6.8 8 1.2 51 8.. 0
Unknown 3 N/A 27 N/A 30 N/A
TOTAL 314 5.. 9 195 3.. 7 509 9.. 6
INFANT MORTALITY - PRENATAL VISITS
Arizona, 1984
NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT
VISITS I RATE I RATE , RATE
0 23 19..4 9 7,,6 32 27 .. 1
1-4 66 18..8 28 7,,9 94 26 ..7
5-14 183 4.. 2 136 3,,1 319 7.. 3
14 16 2..4 13 200 29 4.4
Unknown 17 MIA 34 N/A 51 4.4
TOTAL 305 505 220 4.. 0 52.5 9..5
Rate =deaths per 1,000 live births in that group
Source = Arizona linked birth/death certificates
38
TABLE Q
INFANT MORTALITY - BIRTHWEIGHT
Arizona, 1983
NEONATAL POSTNEONATAl INFANT
VISITS , RATE , RATE , RATE
Under 1500 152 295.7 17 33.0 169 14.. 3
1501-2500 53 83.9 29 14.3 82 78.3
Under 2501 205 6.4 46 104 251 7.8
Over 2500 90 1.8 127 2.5 217 4.4
Unknown 19 NfA 25 NfA 41 NfA
TOTAL 314 5.9 195 3.7 509 9.6
INFANT MORTALITY - BIRTHWEIGHT
Arizona, 1984
NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT
VISITS , RATE , RATE , RATE
Under 1500 174 330.8 20 38.0 194 368.1
1501-2500 38 1304 35 12.3 73 25.6
Under 2501 212 62 .. 7 55 16.3 267 79.0
Over 2500 93 1..8 165 3.. 2 258 5.0
TOTAL 305 5.. 5 220 4.0 525 9.5
Rate = deaths per 1,000 live births in that group
Source = Arizona linked birth/death certificates
39
TABLE R
INFANT MORTALITY - PRENATAL VISITS BY AGE
Arizona, 1983
AGE NEO POST TOTAL
# I R
15 1 0 8.1
15-19 69 42 14.5
20-34 223 125 8.3
34 17 6 10.6
Unknown 4 22 N/A
Total # 314 195 9.6
INFANT MORTALITY - PRENATAL VISITS BY AGE
Arizona, 1984
AGE
15
15-19
20-34
34
Unknown
Total #
NEO
T
2
42
231
24
6
305
-POS,T
2
34
149
17
18
220
TOTAL
R
36.4
10.1
8.6
13.9
N/A
9.5
Rate =deaths per 1,000 live births in that group
Source =Arizona linked birth/death certificates
40
TABLE S
INFANT MORTALITY - MOTHER'S ETHNICITY
Arizona, 1983
ETHNICITY NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT
I RATE # RATE # RATE
White 184 5.. 9 105 3.. 3 289 9.. 3
Am rnd 27 4.,9 24 4.. 3 51 9.2
Black 30 12.8 14 5.. 9 44 18.8
Asian 3 3..8 1 1.2 4 5.0
Hispanic 70 5.2 27 2.. 0 97 7..3
Unknown a 0,,0 24 N/A 24 N/A
TOTAL 314 5.. 9 195 3.7 509 9.6
INFANT MORTALITY - MOTHER'S ETHNICITY
Arizona, 1984
ETHNICITY* NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT
I RATE I RATE I RATE
Whi te 175 3.. 7 109 2.. 3 284 6.1
Am rnd 24 4,,2 34 6.0 58 10.3
Bl ack 20 8.. 1 19 7.7 39 15.8
Asian 7 8,,6 0 0,,0 7 8.6
Hispani c 73 5.3 40 2.9 113 8.2
Unknown 6 MIA 18 MIA 24 NIA
TOTAL 305 5,,5 220 4.0 525 9.5
* Hispanic is not included in other ethnic groups
Rate = deaths per 1,000 live births in each specific ethnic group
Source = Arizona linked birth/death certificates
41
TABLE U
INFANT MORTALITY - MATERNAL EDUCATION
Arizona, 1983
YEARS NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT , RATE , RATE , RATE
0 1 7,,8 1 7..8
1-8 26 1,,2 21 5,,8 47 13,,1
9-12 183 5.. 9 109 3..5 292 905
13-16 81 5.. 0 38 2.. 3 119 7.4
17 17 7.5 6 2.. 6 23 10.2
Unknown 6 NfA 21 NfA 27 NfA
TOTAL 314 5.9 195 3.7 509 9..6
INFANT MORTALITY - MATERNAL EDUCATION
Arizona, 1984
YEARS NEONATAL POSTNEONATAl INFANT , RATE I RATE I RATE
1-8 25 6..9 17 4,,5 42 11.5
9-12 183 509 133 4,,1 316 10.1
13-16 69 4.. 3 38 2.2 107 6.. 6
16 10 4.. 4 2 0.1 12 4.5
Unknown 18 NfA 30 NfA 48 NfA
TOTAL 305 5.5 220 4.. 0 525 905
Rate :: deaths per 1,000 live births in each specific educationallevel group
Source =Arizona linked birth/death certificates
42
TABLE V
INFANT MORTALITY - PREVIOUS BIRTHS
Arizona, 1983
BIRTHS NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT
I RATE # RATE , RATE
0 128 6..0 60 2..8 188 8..8
1 74 4.,4 61 3.. 6 135 8.1
2 65 7.7 23 2..7 88 10.. 5
3 17 4.. 6 18 4.9 35 9..5
4 12 8.. 0 5 3.. 3 17 11..3
Less than 4 14 4.. 6 6 1..9 20 6.6
Unknown 4 NIA 21 OK 26 NIA
TOTAL 314 5.9 195 3.7 509 9..6
INFANT MORTALITY - PREVIOUS BIRTHS
Arizona, 1984
BIRTHS NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT
I RATE # RATE I RATE
0 125 5.7 68 3.. 1 193 8.8
1 86 4..8 52 2.. 9 138 7.8
2 43 4..8 42 4..7 85 9.6
3 21 5.4 9 2.. 3 30 7..8
4 8 5.. 0 14 8..8 22 13.. 9
Less than 4 9 6.0 4 3.6 13 9.6
Unknown 13 NIA 31 NIA 44 NIA
TOTAL 305 5.. 5 220 40 525 9..5
Rate = deaths per 1,000 live births in each specific group
Source =Arizona linked birth/death certificates
43
TABLE W
INFANT MORTALITY - TERMINATIONS
Arizona, 1983
TERMINATIONS NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT
I RATE I RATE # RATE
0 213 5,,3 129 3,,2 342 8..5
1 61 6,,5 31 3,,3 92 9..8
2 19 7,,5 12 4.7 31 12,,2
3 6 8..5 1 1.4 7 10.0
4 3 15.3 0 0.0 3 15,,3
Less than 4 6 44.4 1 7.4 7 51.,8
Unknown 6 NfA 21 NfA 27 N/A
314 5.9 195 3.7 509 9.6
INFANT MORTALITY - TERMINATIONS
Arizona, 1984
TERMINATIONS NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT
# RATE # RATE I RATE
0 198 4,,7 126 3.0 324 1,,1
1 54 5.6 40 4.1 94 9,,8
2 26 9.6 16 5.9 42 1506
3 7 9.4 8 10.7 15 20.1
4 4 18..2 0 0,,0 4 18,,2
Less than 4 3 20,,5 0 0.0 3 20..5
Unknown 13 NIA 30 NIA 31 NIA
TOTAL 305 5.5 220 4.0 5.25 9.5
Rate =deaths per 1,000 live births in ea ch specific group
Source =Arizona linked birth/death certificates
44
TABLE X
INFANT MORTALITY - PREGNANCY SPACING
Arizona, 1983
YEARS NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT
Since Last I RATE I RATE I RATE
None 104 6,,0 49 208 153 8.8
1 37 16.,2 18 1.9 55 24.2
1 1/2 56 7.5 33 4.4 89 11.,9
2 17 4.4 14 3.6 31 8.1
3 36 4.1 26 2.9 62 7.0
4 20 4.0 9 1.8 29 5.9
5 15 5,,7 8 3.0 23 8.7
Less than 5 23 4,,1 16 2.8 39 7.0
Unknown 6 NIA 21 NIA 28 NIA
TOTAL 314 5.9 195 3.7 509 9.. 6
INFANT MORTALITY - PREGNANCY SPACING
Ari zona, 1984
YEARS NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT
Since last I RATE I RATE I RATE
None 92 5.. 2 54 3.. 0 146 8.,2
1 50 22 .. 4 18 8.. 0 68 30.. 4
1 1/2 30 3.,3 27 3.. 0 57 6..4
2 15 4.,1 17 5,,3 32 10.0
3 31 3.5 32 3,,6 63 1.1
4 20 4.0 17 3..4 37 1.4
5 16 5.2 13 4.2 29 9..4
Less than 5 36 5.9 4 0.,6 40 6.6
Unknown 15 NIA 38 NIA 53 MIA
TOTAL 305 5.5 220 4.,0 525 9.5
Rate = deaths per 1,000 live births in each group
Source = Arizona linked birth/death certificates
45
TABLE Y
INFANT MORTALITY - MARITAL STATUS
Arizona, 1984
STATUS NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT
I RATE I RATE I RATE
Wed 203 4.9 125 3.0 328 7.9
Unwed no 9.4 49 4.1 159 13.5
Unknown 1 N/A 21 N/A 22 N/A
TOTAL 314 5.9 195 3.7 509 9.6
INFANT MORTALITY - MARITAL STATUS
Arizona, 19,84
STATUS NEONATAL POSTNEONATAL INFANT
I RATE , RATE I RATE
Wed 204 4.8 132 3.1 336 7.9
Unwed 95 7.4 70 5.4 165 12.8
Unknown 6 N/A 18 N/A 24 N/A
TOTAL 299 5.6 202 3.8 501 9.5
Rate =deaths per 1,000 live births in each marital group
Source =Arizona linked birth/death certificates
46