1969 Flagstaff All-Indian Powwow Program

              FLAGSTAFF, A~IZONA
JULY}, 4,5, 1969
.......
41sT ANNUAl
SOUTI-IWEST
All-INdiAN Pow Wow Harry Biller
President
Sponsored by Pow Wow. Inco. Flagstaff. Arizona
Pow Wow, Inc., Box 426, Flagstaff, Arizona 8600l, is a non-profit organization,
the sole function of which is the staging of the annual Southwest All-Indian
Pow Wow in Flagstaff over the Fourth of July. Members of the Board of
Directors serve without pay. The president is elected from the board for a two­year
term. The Pow Wow Souvenir Magazine is an official publication of Pow
Wow, Inc., and is published annually on or about May 15. The Pow Wow
Souvenir Magazine is printed by the Northland Press, Flagstaff, Arizona. All
material herein was prepared by Pow Wow, Inc., unless otherwise indicated.
T. M. Knoles, Jr. Andy Wolf
Leland McPherson Sturgeon Cromer Ralph Barney Don Clark
Howard Taft, Sr. Mike Flournoy Bill Hoyt Roy Smith
TICKET INFORMATION
Tickets for all afternoon rodeo and night ceremonial performances at the South­west
All-Indian Pow Wow are on sale at the Flagstaff Chamber of Commerce,
101 West Santa Fe Avenue, until the morning of July 3, the opening day of the
Pow Wow, when the ticket office will open in front of the grandstand at the
Pow Wow grounds at City Park. All grandstand and box seats are reserved.
Tickets for bleacher seats go on sale two hours before each event. The Pow Wow
Souvenir Magazine is distributed to newsstands throughout northern Arizona
through the courtesy of the Kearney News Service. Copies may also be obtained
during the Pow Wow from members of the Flagstaff Little League, and the
Grand Canyon Boy Scout Council.
Marshall Knoles
Earl Caniford
Jim Hendrix
Exciting
Parades
All-Indian
Rodeo
Spectacular
Ceremonials
Colorful
Encampment
PowWow
PROGRAM
The Pow Wow Parade starts promptly at 11 a.m. each day of the Pow Wow, form­ing
at Santa Fe avenue (U.S. 66) at Sitgreaves street, and following the route
shown on the map page 11. It is a brilliant spectacle with ceremonial dance teams
performing at many points along the two-mile route; rodeo performers and bright­ly-
dressed Indian beauties on horseback; the top All-Indian bands in the region;
and scores of Navajo families, displaying their finest jewelry, rugs and blankets,
riding in traditional, horse-drawn wagons. Only Indians participate in the parade:
non-Indians are not allowed to perform in any Pow Wow event.
The rodeo performances begin at 1:30 p.m. each day in the Pow Wow grounds
arena at City Park (see map page 11). Indians, and only Indians, compete for
thousands of dollars in cash prizes, as well as coveted silver Pow Wow belt
buckles, in the full range of rodeo events, as well as in wagon races, wild horse
and colt scrambles and other Pow Wow specialties. The rodeo is an amateur
affair, however, giving working Indian cowboys a chance to perform, and thus
providing more fun and more unscheduled thrills for spectators. The annual Pow
Wow Beauty and Baby Contests are also held during the afternoon rodeo sessions.
Beginning at deep dusk each night of the Pow Wow, huge, pinelog bonfires flare
in the hushed Pow Wow arena and the colorful, spectacular ceremonial dances get
underway. Dancers from more than a dozen Indian tribes - from the Northwest,
the Plains, and the Southwest· - perform authentic rituals, some of which were
ancient when Columbus set sail for the New World, in the flickering firelight.
For a breathless time, the night is filled with whirling, prancing color, pulsing
drum beats, hypnotic chanting and wild, savage shouts as the dancers and singers
once again reaffirm age-old tribal traditions.
The vanguard of thousands of Indians begins to arrive in Flagstaff days before
the Pow Wow starts, and the Pow Wow encampment, one of the most interesting
sights in the West, grows around the Pow Wow grounds and up the pine-forested
slopes of Mars Hill. The scene is one of bewildering variety as the old and new
ways of Indian life are blended around smoldering campfires. Nearer the Pow
Wow grounds proper, many of the Indian visitors set up booths to show their
unique arts and crafts work to potential buyers, Indian and non-Indian alike. The
encampment is both a meeting place and a market place for many Indian peoples.
FLAGSTAFF WHOLESALE
LIQUOR ASSOCIATION
A Pow Wow, of course, is people
-all kinds of people with different
backgrounds, different customs and
beliefs, different attitudes and dif­ferent
outlooks on life.
It is also a celebration, a conven­tion,
a reunion, a congress, a circus
and a grand extravaganza, all in
one. Its serious purpose-the resolv­ing
of specific problems of Ameri­can
Indian groups and the promo­tion
of a better understanding of
their ways of life-is quietly pur­sued
amid the colorful, convivial
atmosphere of a festive, intercul­tural
carnival.
From small beginnings 41 years
ago, the Southwest All-Indian Pow
Wow at Flagstaff has grown
through the years into the largest
event of its kind in the nation. Tra­ditionally,
it is held over the Fourth
of July holiday. The complex plan­ning
and coordination required for
staging a Pow Wow is handled by
a group of Flagstaff citizens who
serve voluntarily and without re­muneration
on the board of direc­tors
of Pow Wow, Inc.
In recent years, the number of
tribes represented at the Pow Wow
has ranged between 30 and 40, and
estimates of the number of indi-
TJiE POW WOW
vidual Indians attending fall be­tween
8,000 and 10,000. N on-In­dians,
who can participate only as
spectators, have consistently num­bered
more than 90,000, and more
than 40,000 persons watched the
Pow Wow~s various events July 4
last year alone.
Most of the Indians, of course,
come from Arizona, the state with
•
ITS
PEoplES
the largest Indian population in the
nation, running well ahead of Okla­homa
and New Mexico. Arizona's
14 tribes include both the nation's '
largest and fastest-growing group,
the Navajo, and one of the smallest,
most static tribes, the Havasupai,
who have never numbered much
over 300 since the white man first
visited their remote home in Supai
Canyon, a tributary of the Grand
Canyon, in the 17th Century.
More than 100,000 Navajo live
on their vast reservation which be­gins
a few miles north and east of
Flagstaff and sprawls eastward
across Arizona and well into New
Mexico. Though increasingly they
are adopting the white man's ways,
and particularly his political and
economic institt,ltions, many Navajo
still follow more traditional pat­terns
of life. Originally nomadic,
the Navajo speak the Athabascan
language of Canada, and are be­lieved
to have migrated southward
with their close relatives, the Apa­che,
arriving in the Southwest
sometime between A.D. 1200 and
1500.
The first Spanish in the area
knew them as fierce warriors, given
to raiding their pueblo neighbors.
J. C. PENNEY CO.
Always First Quality
Cheyennes from the Plains are old hands
But today they are peaceful, their
warlike activities ended by a
treaty with the U.S. government
signed 100 years ago last year. The
Navajo are famed as weavers and
silversmiths. Their dress is more
trader than traditional-the women
in brightly-colored velveteen
blDuses and satin skirts popularized
by white traders in the 19th Cen­tury,
the men in store-bought cow­boy
or work shirts, denim pants,
boots and tall-crowned, wide­brimmed
hats. On the reservation,
where many Navajo still live in
traditional hogans, silver-and-tur­quoise
jewelry, and sheep, cattle
and horses are the significant mea­sures
of wealth.
The Hopi, who speak a Uto­Aztecan
language, are another
nOlihern Arizona tribe much in
evidence at the Pow Wow. Some
4,000 live in eleven villages on and
around the three Hopi Mesas in the
middle of the Navajo Reservation.
Like other pueblo peoples to the
east and in the Rio Grande Valley,
they are deeply religious and have
an elaborate ceremonial calendar
which starts in December with the
Soyal Dance and runs through late
July to the N iman, or Home Dance.
During the summer, these colorful,
strangely-stirring rituals draw thou­sands
to the Hopi villages to watch
masked dancers impersonate the
Kachinas, supernatural beings who
are the Hopi's messengers to the
gods.
The Hopi have a long tradition
and almost certainly are direct de­scendants
of the ancient Anasazi­"
The Ancient Ones" in Navajo­who
lived in northern Arizona and
northwestern New Mexico 1,500
years ago and mDre. Some aspects
of their life have changed little
frDm ancient days, and a visit to a
Hopi village today is a journey
back through time.
The Hopi are renowned as ar­tists
and craftsmen, and their pot­tery,
basketry, silver work and the
skillfully hand-carved Kachina dolls
are in great demand.
The Apaches, who live on the
San Carlos and Fort Apache reser­vations
southeast of Flagstaff and
under the Nlogollon (pronounced
Mug-ee-Dwn) Rim, may be the
happiest people at the Pow Wow.
They are the jokesters and they
love to' laugh. Like the Navajo,
they came to the Southwest from
the north and subsisted here in
small wandering bands by hunting
and raiding the sedentary pueblos
and later the Spanish settlements
to the south. They were one of the
last tribes to be subdued by the
military power of the United States.
Today, the Apache are farmers,
and to' a greater degree, cattle
ranchers, an activity for which their
extensive reservations are better
suited than most Indian lands.
Their ceremonial life is not as
elaborate as other tribes, although
their dances are among the most
popular performed at the Pow
Wow. The Mountain Spirits Dance,
sometimes called the Crown Dance
or, erroneously, the Devil Dance, is
their principal ceremonial and is
performed by hooded dancers in
strange headdresses who represent
friendly Apache deities. It is given
during the four-day ritual at which
young Apache maidens are initi­ated
into womanhood. The dancers'
wooden swords symbolically fight
the forces of evil. One of the
dancers is a clown, typical of many
Indian group dances, who alter­nately
tantalizes and torments spec­tators
at the dance.
The Havasupai and Hualapai,
the latter living on an extensive
reservation west of Flagstaff and
principally concerned with grazing
and lumbering, round out the list
of northern Arizona tribes at the
PowWow.
From central and southern Ari­zona,
there are the Pima ( River
Dwellers) and Papago (Bean Peo��pIe)
Indians who are Uto-Aztecan
speakers, and the small Maricopa
tribe who have largely adopted
Pima economy and borrowed Pima
crafts. Thtfse groups live on the
deserts in and south of the Gila
River Valley and close to the larg­est
Anglo population centers of the
state. Most of them today dress in
modern western styles, have be­come
Christianized, and engage in
irrigation farming. They too have
long traditions and are descendants
of the ancient Hohokam who built
huge irrigation systems in the Salt
and Gila River valleys 2,000 years
ago.
Along the lower Colorado River
and the western border of Arizona,
the Mohave, Chemehuevi, Yuma
and Cocopa, the latter numbering
less than 100 people, live on the Ft.
Mohave and 'Colorado River reser­vations
and in communities along
the river in California.
The Paiute, living in the remote
Arizona Strip country north of the
Grand Canyon, and the Yavapai,
some of whom live with the Apache
and others on small reservations in
the Verde Valley south of Flagstaff,
complete the Pow Wow roster of
Arizona tribes.
The Indians from the New Mex­ico
pueblos are a large contingent
at the Pow Wow, and are particu­larly
well represented at the night
ceremonials. Their culture is quite
similar to that of the Hopi, al­though
their language is different.
In fact, three basic languages are
spoken in the Rio Grande drainage
-Zuni, Keresan and Tanoan, with
the latter having three variations,
tiwa, towa and tewa. The Zuni
language is unique and differs from
other American Indian languages
as much as Chinese differs from
English.
Pueblo groups at the Pow Wow
include the Zuni, Jemez, San Juan,
San Ildefonso, Laguna, Cochiti,
Taos, Acoma, Isleta, Santo Do­mingo,
and Santa Clara Indians.
The Kachina cult is also important
in the pueblo ceremonials which,
though similar from pueblo to
pueblo, are usually given a distinc­tive
twist by each group. Public
Indian beauty
Brilliant Aztecs back this year
PLAZA SHOPPING CENTER
Pueblo dancers from Rio Grande in parade
social dances are characterized by
highly-fonnalized, almost stately
movements by the colorfully­dressed
dancers, with rhythm sup­plied
by a drum or rasps, and a
chorus of chanters.
The Rio Grande Indians have
roots in the prehistoric cultures of
northern Arizona and the so-called
Four Corners region of Arizona,
Utah, Colorado and New Mexico,
and the rise of their compact vil­lages
dates from a general, unex­plained
exodus of these ancients
from the area and to the south and
east in the last half of the 13th
Century.
The Plains Indians, the other
larger and taller than Indians of
probably the most familiar to the
average Pow Wow visitor as they
have provided the Indian stereo­type
for the white man in history
books, western stories, movies and
on television. They are generally
large rand taller than Indians of
the Southwest, and have sharper,
more aquiline features.
Plains groups at the Pow Wow
include such well-known tribes as
the Cheyenne, Sioux, Crow, Black­foot
and Pawnee of the High
Plains, and the Kiowa, Cherokee,
Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek and
others from the southern Plains and
the Indian country in and around
Oklahoma. The Cherokee, Chicka­saw,
Choctaw and Creek are de-scendants
of the "Bve civilized
tribes" that lived in the present
states of Tennessee, Alabama and
Georgia in colonial times and who
were forcibly relocated west of the
Mississippi in the 1820s and 1830s.
The Cherokee speak an Iroquoian
tongue, while the language stock of
the other tribes is M uskhogean.
The High Plains tribes speak either
a Sio'Uan or an Algonkian language.
The Plains tribes have many
dances in common-War Dances,
Lance and Shield Dances, Buffalo
Dances, Scalp Dances and others,
and often one tribe will perfonn
the dances of another. Most of the
dances are characterized by wild
physical movement, fast-beating
tom-toms and fierce, exuberant
whooping and shouting. Plains In­dians
today live in widely-varied
economic situations both on and off
reservations. Their economic con­dition
ranges from outright pov­erty
to considerable wealth. Gen­erally,
they are less cohesive than
Southwestern tribes.
Last but not least, mention
should be made of the brilliant
Aztecs who will be returning to
this year's Pow Wow after a hiatus
of several years. These stately In­dians,
gorgeously garbed in bright
plumes and egret feathers, are con­sidered
by many to be the most
colorful Indians ever to appear at
a Pow Wow. They are, of course,
descendants of that once great
Aztec people who built a great
pre-Columbian civilization in the
high Valley of Mexico, a civiliza­tion
near its peak when Hernando
Cortez and his conquistadores dis­covered
it and destroyed it early in
the 16th Century. The Aztecs have
not fared well in the centuries
since this conquest, but they have
managed to preserve many of their
ancient ceremonials and rituals.
Their performances at the Pow
Wow in the past have always been
received with great acclaim.
These are some of the peoples at
the Pow Wow. There are others­Winnebagos,
Nez Perce, Shoshones,
Arapahoes, Flatheads, representa­tives
of all the tribes of Lo. Their
way of life each year comes a little
bit closer to that of the white man.
In some cases, their adoption of
Anglo ways is willing; in others it
is reluctant. In either case, there is
bound to be a certain amount of
cultural friction and distress. To
resolve this friction and distress
has been the historic role of the
"pow wow" since earliest colonial
times. The late Clark Wissler, an
intense student of the American In­dian,
defined it thusly:
"A pow wow, then, refers to an
Indian community in action, trying
to solve its current problems. Dur­ing
periods of friction with the
whites ... (and) whenever a peace
proposal was made to a village, a
pow wow was called. There would
Eagle Dance perennially popular
be speaking and discussion, inter­spersed
with praying, singing and
dancing . . . These might be con­tinued
for days until a decision was
reached . . . Any crisis would be
met in the same way. Sometimes
this procedure was called a council,
but whatever its name, it was basic
in Indian government."
HERE COMES
T~E PowWOW
The most colorful free show in the entire Southwest!
Through the years, hundreds of thousands of Pow
Wow visitors have rendered that verdict on the annual
All-Indian Pow Wow parades which step off promptly
at 11 a.m. each day of the three-day celebration from
West Santa Fe Avenue and wind for some two miles
through the crowd-lined streets of downtown Flagstaff.
At each Pow Wow, up to 90,000 persons view this
brilliant, restlessly-moving panorama of the American
Indian as it dances and prances, chants and shouts its
way through the city, providing a kaleidoscopic pre­view
of exciting things to come. For the daily parades
set the pattern, the program, the convivial tone for all
the other Pow Wow events.
Indian dance teams, brightly painted and garbed in
traditional costumes, highlight the line of march, with
each team pausing frequently at street intersections
and other vantage points to give spectators a sample
~-----I
of the rituals they will perform that evening at the
Pow Wow night ceremonial dances and, incidentally,
to provide photographers with a prime opportunity for
pictures.
Interspersed among the dance groups are ranks of
tough, happy-go-lucky Indian cowboys sitting non­chalantly
astride their sleek ponies and proudly dis­playing
the numbers under which they will compete
for thousands of dollars in prize money, as well as
prestige among their comrades, at the Pow Wow's
afternoon All-Indian Rodeos.
From out of the not-too-distant past come scores of
colorful Navajo wagons with Navajo women, gaudy in
velveteen blouses and satin skirts, impassively reining
their horses while tall-hatted men keep casual hands
on brake handles, and smiling, bright-eyed youngsters
peek back at the crowds from beneath the canvas
covers of wagon boxes laden with watermelons and
bales of hay.
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No. parade, o.f co.urse, is a parade without a band,
and in the Po.W Wo.W parades, the insistent beat o.f
to.m-to.ms and wild yells o.f war dancers alternate with
martial music played by the finest All-Indian brass
bands in the West.
As befits a Fo.urth o.f July celebration, a co.lo.r guard
bearing the American Hag leads o.ff the line o.f march,
drawing a reverent salute fro.m the tho.usands o.f
watchers as it passes by.
And, fo.llo.wing the Hag, the natio.n's loveliest Indian
maidens, including Miss Indian America and Miss
Indian Arizo.na and the Po.W Wo.W'S o.wn beautiful and
talented princess, add unusual beauty to. the sho.w.
Venerable Indian sages, chieftains and headmen, so.me
o.n ho.rseback and so.me in o.pen cars, pass in stately
review, waving a dignified "welco.me to. the Pow Wow"
to. applauding cro.wds.
When the wo.rd go.es 'round, "Here co.mes the
parade!"' the So.uthwest All-Indian Po.W Wo.W is o.n!
Classic face in feathers
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RidE 'EM,
Cowboy!
RidE 'EM
Ask an old Flagstaff hand what to
expect at the Pow Wow's All­Indian
rodeo, and he'll tell you to
expect the unexpected.
For the rodeo sessions that begin
each afternoon of the celebration at
1: 30 p.m. in the City Park Pow
Wow arena are unusual, to say the
least, in that they combine some
good solid riding, roping and "cow­rassling"
with the thrills, suspense,
surprise and laughter of a three­ring
circus.
A good majority of the more than
325 Indian cowboys who compete
in the Pow Wow rodeo go-rounds
annually are amateurs who know
something of the skills involved in
punching cows, but who usually
aren't making their living riding
the range. The Pow Wow rodeos,
thus, give a lot of Indian cowpokes
a chance to keep their hand in at
cowboyin' and to win some money
and prizes to boot.
Also, the Pow Wow rodeos not
only offer the usual competitions
in bronc riding, bulldogging, steer
riding, calf roping and team tying,
but such exciting events as wagon
races, wild cow milking contests for
Indian squaws, wild horse races,
colt scrambles for Indian youngs­ters
and, particularly popular in
recent years, barrel races for young
Indian horsewomen.
There is even a "bull-fight" of
sorts on the program. During each
rodeo show, a frisky young range
bull is turned loose in the arena
with a $50 bill impaled on one of
his horns. The money belongs to
the cowboy who can get it and in
the resulting scramble, many of the
Indian rodeoers reveal unsuspected
talents as matadors, though they
flourish broad-brimmed hats or
bright Navajo saddle blankets in­stead
of the traditional cape.
In recent years, some $15,000 in
prize money has been up for grabs
in the rodeo competition and it is
not unusual for an Indian cowpoke
to win $1,000 or more in "day mon­ey"
and for his overall Pow Wow
point score. In addition, winners of
the regular rodeo events receive
coveted Pow vVow silver belt buc­kles,
and the Pow Wow's "all­around
cowboy" also wins himself
a handsome hand-tooled saddle
presented by Flagstaff's The West­erner-
Western Wear Store. Many
other prizes and gift certificates,
contributed by local business peo­ple,
are awarded each afternoon,
and the Indian cowpoke who loses
despite a determined effort and a
fine performance often finds him­self
a winner anyway:
Highlights of the Pow Wow ro­deo
sessions also include contests
to select the most beautiful Indian
maiden, and the most beautiful
Indian baby at the Pow W ow­choices
that are made not by Pow
Wow officials but by the crowd in
the Pow Wow arena through their
applause for their favorite entries.
The rodeo go-rounds are essen­tially
amatuer affairs, though they
are fast-paced and professionally
run by experienced Pow vVow offi­cials
and arena hands. But because
of the nature of things, unsched­uled
events, usually hilarious, are
the rule, and the spectator is ad­vised
to pay close attention to the
proceedings. What's happening in
the Pow Wow arena in the course
of a Pow Wow rodeo isn't always
on the program.
The largest group of Indian cow­boys
participating in the rodeo
come from the nearby Navajo and
Apache Reservations, but more
than 30 tribes, from as far away as
Washington and Oregon, Montana,
the Dakotas and Oklahoma, are
represented on the roster of con­testants.
Because of the number of en­trants
in recent years, a special
bonus event has been scheduled
for Pow'" ow rodeo fans. These
are the morning rodeos which are
open to the public free and which
are held to complete the preceding
day's go-rounds and to assure that
every Indian contestant gets a fair
chance to ride and rope for the
prize money.
· ,
Pow WOWiN
STARS ••.
The mounting excitement of a day at the annual
Southwest All-Indian Pow Wow takes on an added
aura of mystery as the brilliant July sun dips below the
brow of Flagstaff's Mars Hill and the soft shadows of
night begin to embrace the Pow Wow arena.
It is time now, in the cool of the evening, for the
Night Ceremonial Dances, and hushed thousands,
murmuring in quiet anticipation, begin to gather at
the darkening Pow Wow grounds to witness some- ,
thing unique, something that can only be seen at a
Pow ~Tow in Flagstaff. The air is charged with an ­electric
expectancy.
Then, when night has finally obliterated day, a spark
flashes in the arena, and the restless rustling of the
crowd fades into silence as tiny flames quickly grow
into huge, pinelog bonfires, lifting the curtain of dark­ness
on the timeless, yet ever-changing show.
The great fires provide an eerie, flickering backdrop
for the best dancers from more than a dozen American
Indian tribes as they perform the authentic rituals of
their peoples-rituals which in some cases were al­ready
ancient when Columbus set sail for the New
World.
The Night Ceremonial Dances are the most drama­tic
and impressive of all Pow Wow events. The bril­liant
flashing color of feathers and spangles, the now­soft-
now-frenzied sounds of pulsing drums and chant­ing
voices, the rhythmic jingling and clattering of bells
and rattles, the pungent odor of pinewood smoke are
not of the everyday world, even for the Indians. The
Pow Wow is one of those rare occasions for a reverent,
joyous reaffirmation of the ways of life and the tradi­tions
of a long post. The fires crackle, and now and
then a log breaks and falls, sending a shower of sparks
starward and briefly lighting the painted, impassive
faces of the hundreds of Indians who are also watch­ing
the spectacle just beyond the edge of the firelight.
Each night of the Pow Wow, starting just after
dusk, the ceremonials begin. Some 20 different rituals
and dances are performed each night of the Pow Wow
and, because a dance is seldom repeated, nearly 60
ceremonials are danced during the three nights of the
celebration.
Each night's program opens with a ceremonial bless­ing,
given by a prominent shaman or medicine man.
This is followed by the "Gathering of the Tribes," a
panoramic profusion of color, motion and sound as
the dancers parade into the arena to take their places
around the fire-lighted dance area. Introduction of the
various tribes is made by veteran Pow Wow board
member and announcer Andy Wolf who also provides
a quiet, tasteful commentary backgrounding the parti­cular
dances or rituals being performed during the
evening's program.
A wide variety of dances and ritual will be pre­sented.
A typical Night Ceremonial program, for in­stance,
might include a San Juan Deer Dance, a Kiowa
Blackfoot Society Dance, the Navajo Corn, Feather,
Fire and Yei-Bei-Chei Dances, a Taos War Dance, the
Zuni Children's Willow Basket Dance, a Jemez Eagle
Dance, a Hopi Butterfly Dance, a Laguna Buffalo
Dance, the Cheyenne Scalp Dance, the Zuni Maidens,
a Crow Lance and Shield Dance and the Apache
Crown and War Dances. Every night, the program
ends with a wild, joyous social Round Dance with all
the Pow Wow tribes participating, and all spectators
invited to join in.
Interspersed with the various rituals and dances are
performances by renowned Indian singers' who carry
the legends and traditions of their peoples in their
prodigious memories and thus perpetuate them
through generations. Their role of preserving the his­tory,
customs and rituals of their peoples in their
minds is an absolutely essential one for Indian socie­ties
which, of course, have no written language.
The Indian songs will very probably sound strange
to white listeners at the Pow Wow, but this because
Indian music is in a different mode than the more
familiar music of Beethoven or the Beatles, just as, for
instance, Chinese music is in a different mode. Indian
songs have meaning, and often profound thoughts and
ideas are expressed in words of simple eloquence. The
careful listener will not only find they have form, but
a strange, almost hypnotic beauty.
The overall impression given by the ceremonials is
kaleidoscopic, yet each dance will be seen to be dis-tinct
by the attentive observer. Some dances have a
deep religious significance for the Indians as they rep­resent
the "public" aspects of complex, largely secret
rituals requiring many days to perfonn in their entir­ety.
Others have a definite social function and these
are the dances most frequently seen by the white man.
They are often performed at celebrations and within
Indian communities to promote courtships, cement
social relationships, reaffirm tribal 'unity, or just for the
sheer fun of dancing. Still other dances are frankly
satirical and comic, for the American Indian has a
finely-developed sense of humor and thoroughly enjoys
exhibiting his talent for mimicry and caricature by
spoofing the white man, other Indians and himself. In
many such dances, a clown is very much in evidence,
dispensing the broad humor of the natural comedian
that is universally understood by mankind; and hilari­ously
harassing dancers and spectators alike.
At the Pow Wow Night Ceremonials, those in the
audience should remember that some of the ritual they
are seeing are of religious importance to the Indians,
and should respect this fact. This is the major reason
why flash photographs are not allowed during the
Night Ceremonials, along with the fact that the flare
of flashbulbs may interfere with others' enjoyment of
the dances.
Generally, the guidelines of conduct and good taste
that serve in one's own place of worship are good ones
to follow at the Night Ceremonials, or at ceremonial
dances performed at other times during the summer at
Indian villages on the Navajo, -Hopi and Apache and
other nearby Indian reservations.
A prayer for rain and corn
��� SERVICE FIRST
J
I
I'
I "
JO~N WEslEY PowEll:
STudENT, FRiENd
of T~E INdiAN
"When I stand before the sacred
fire in an Indian village and listen
to the red man's philosophy, no
anger stirs my blood. I IQve him as
one of my kind ... "
The words are those of Major
John Wesley Powell-soldier, ex­plorer
and, above all, scientist­who
100 years ago this year rode
the tumultuous Colorado River
through the awesome depths of the
Grand Canyon fQr the first time.
A major national observance,
centered at the Canyon and in
northern ArizO'na, is underway this
summer to mark the centennial of
this epic voyage which filled in so
many blank spaces O'n the map of
Major Powell and Paiute chief
the American West. But the year
1969 also marks another, lesser
known anniversary in PO'well's re­markable
career, and one which
has particular Significance in the
study of the American Indian.
For 90 years agO', the Bureau of
American Ethnology came into be­ing
within the Smithsonian Institu­tion
with the apprO'val of a Powell­inspired
$20,000 appropriation bur­ied
in a routine Sundry Civil Ex­penses
bill which cleared Congress
on :March 3, 1879. Powell that
spring became the new bureau's
first director, and held the post for
23 years until his death in 1902.
Although Powell gained his
greatest fame as an explorer, and
his scientific renown primarily as a
geologist, he was an ethnologist all
his life. His first direct contact with
western Indians came during his
first trip to the CO'loradO' Rockies
in 1867, and in his final, ailing
years at his summer home in
Maine, he studied the shell mid­dens
on the coast left by vanished
Indian peoples. During his explora­tions
of the Colorado River, he
eagerly seized every opportunity to
learn the social and religious cus­toms
and beliefs of the various
tribes he encountered, and ac­quired
the first detailed knowledge
of the Shoshonean dialects of Ute,
Paiute and Hopi.
Powell's way of dealing with In­dians
was in itself unusual for the
period which is better known for
the massacres and repeated clashes
between U.S. Cavalry troops and
Indian "war parties" that culmi­nated
in Custer's debacle on the
Little Big Horn.
"I have worked in Indian country
since 1867, and I had no military
escort with me," he later wrote. "I
can get along with the Indians by
peaceable methods much better
than by military methods. If I
should go into that country with a
body of troops, I would then take a
hostile attitude and would be com­pelled
to fight my way among
them, but in all that country, I can
go alone with one or two men."
That his ways with Indians were
ethnO'logically effective is also evi­dent.
"Their lore consists in a mass of
traditions, or mythology," he noted.
"It is very difficult to induce them
The explorer with an Indian friend
to tell it to white men ... But in a
confidential way, while you are
alone, or when you are admitted to
their campfire on a winter night,
you will hear the stories of their
mythology. I believe the greatest
mark of friendship, or confidence
that an Indian can give, is to tell
you his religion. After one has so
talked to me, I should ever trust
him ... "
Powell was a perceptive field
worker, and gathered much valu­able
new cultural data on Indian
peoples, but his greatest serviCe to
the science of anthropology, or the
study of man, was as an organizer
and systematizer.
Until the founding of the Bureau
of American Ethnology, the scien­tmc
study of the dwindling Indian
population of the nation had been
on a piecemeal basis, with signifi­cant
work recorded by only a
handful of men. Knowledge of
these aboriginal cultures was frag­mentary,
and O'ften inextricably im­bedded
in the vast body of myth
and superstition that had grown up
around the Indian since the white
man first invaded the New World.
There was even confusion abO'ut
the various Indian languages and
the identities of individual tribes.
As director of the new bureau,
Powell set abO'ut to' create order
out of this chaos by organizing the
existing body of knowledge, and by
encouraging ethnologists to sys­tematically
plug the gaps in this
knowledge with new data, and to
make the whole more precise, and
scientifically sound.
He did not live to see the first
ma jor result of this long effort, for
the bureau's Handbook of Ameri­can
Indians, two thick volumes of
organized and classmed data that
has proven indispensable to succes­sive
generations of anthropologists,
was not published until 1907. But it
was his plan, and his restless, in­quiring
mind that had set it on its
way.
How well Powell served the
bureau and the science of anthro­pology
is perhaps best summarized
by his immediate successor as
director, William Henry Holmes.
"The Bureau of Ethnology is pe­culiarly
his, the lines of research
initiated by him being in the main
those that must be followed as long
as the bureau lasts-in fact as long
as the human race remains a sub­ject
for study," he wrote. "It was a
fortuitous circumstance that his en­ergies
were directed to a field little
encumbered by the forms, methods
and determinations of earlier stu­dents,
since it enabled him to con­duct
his investigations on new
lines, and thus to raise the science
to a higher plane."
CRABBITT BROTHERS TRADING CO.
~ Merchants to Northern Arizona
During the Pow Wow, up to 10,000 Indians temporar­ily
swell the P?pulation of Flagstaff, and most of them
pitch their tepees, tents and house trailers at the huge
Pow Wow encampment that sprawls around the City
Park Pow Wow grounds and up the wooded, sunrise
slopes of Mars Hill.
The earliest arrivals begin setting up their camps as
much as two and three weeks before the scheduled
start of the celebration and, by Pow Wow time, as
someone phrased it long ago, "the woods are full of
Indians."
Some of them travel to the Pow \-Vow in traditional,
horse-drawn wagons that through the years have
proven so practical for getting around in the remote,
roadless areas of the vast Navajo Reservation north
and east of Flagstaff. But most get to the Pow Wow
by car, or more specifically by pickup truck, the fav­orite
form of transportation for most Indian families
today everywhere in the American \iVest. Some come
from more than 1,000 miles away.
The contrast between the traditional and the mod­ern
is typical of a Pow Wow encampment where visit­ors
have an unparalleled chance to see first hand how
the Indian has blended his old culture with the white
man's new ways, and how he is faring in his struggle
to find the best of two vastly-different worlds.
Visitors are generally welcome in the encampment,
although they should take care not to intrude on the
privacy of Indian families and observe the common,
neighborly courtesies. They are particularly welcomed
by those Indians who have brought examples of their
native arts and crafts to the Pow Wow and who are
eager to engage in a brisk trade with other Indians
and non-Indians alike.
To this end, many artisans build temporary booths,
with lumber and other materials supplied by the Pow
Wow, along the road to the west of the Pow Wow
PowWow
TRAdiTioN:
T~E ENCAMPMENT
grounds to display their handicrafts for sale or barter.
During the Pow Wow, this colorful trading center
takes on all the aspects of a bustling oriental bazaar
and in fact it serves a somewhat similar function. For
it provides a major, once-a-year outlet for Indian ar­tists
and craftsmen who ordinarily have few enough
markets available to them, while providing a prime
source of authentic Indian jewelry, rugs, basketry, pot­tery
and weaving for the non-Indian connoisseuur.
Competition between the artisans is friendly but nev­ertheless
keen. The Indians themselves are avid shop­pers
for there are finely-fashioned items available at
the Pow Wow of high value to th eIndian that are not
turned out on the white man's mechanized assembly
lines. For the non-Indian shopper, bargaining with an
Indian artist can be a fascinating. experience, but it
may take quite awhile. The Indian has a different con­cept
of time than the white man, and is seldom in a
hurry.
By the time the Pow Wow is underway, the visiting
Indians have crowded into all available areas of the
big encampment and have overflowed into the City
Park area east of the Pow Wow grounds. Each family
unit in the encampment will have its campfire, with a
pot of steaming, scalding coffee perpetually bubbling
on a smoke-blackened rock.
The Pow Wow's Indian campment is a family reun­ion,
a jamboree, a convention and a celebration all
rolled into one. Indians like to have fun just like every­body
else. Many old friendships are renewed, and new
ties are formed. Indian boy meets Indian girl, and
Indian grandmother meets Indian grandchild.
The formal Pow Wow program is over each day
when the final ceremonial dance has ended in the Pow
Wow arena and the once-great fires have burned to
embers. But at the encampment, the Pow Wow con­tinues
far into the night.
SOUTHWEST FOREST INDUSTRIES
Flagstaff Wood Products Division
Who HAVE
GONE BEfoRE ...
The Indians were here first, of
course-at least 4,000 years ago for
sure.
Crude, chipped-stone handaxes,
choppers and scrapers not unlike
those made by early man every­where
in the world have been
found along the Little Colorado
River northeast of Flagstaff. A cer­tain
type of projectile point, known
to archaeologists as a «Pinto" point
and believed to date several thous­and
years before Christ, has also
been found increasingly in recent
years around Flagstaff.
Between 4,000 and 3,100 years
ago by radioactive carbon dating,
an unknown people visited north­ern
Arizona. In caves deep in the
W upatkt s masonry built to last 700 years
Grand Canyon and at Walnut Can­yon
east of Flagstaff, they left be­hind
toylike figurines fashioned by
twisting a single, split willow wand
into the stylized form of a deer.
The effigies, incredibly preserved
over 40 centuries, are assumed to
have had a magical significance for
the wandering hunters who made
them.
Then, for more than a thousand
years, the archaeological record is
blank.
It picks up again in the earliest
centuries of the Christian era when
the people the Navajo call the «An­asazi,"
or «Ancient Ones," appear
for the first time in northern Ari­zona
prehistory. Where they came
from is still an archaeological mys­tery.
Their earliest dwelling sites,
marked by straw-lined pits and
cysts and rock-edged hearths in dry
caves and rock shelters, have been
dated between A.D.200 and 300.
They hunted small game, ate roots,
nuts, herbs and berries, and made
baskets-hence their designation as
«Basketmakers" in one archaeolog­ical
classification of prehistoric
Southwestern cultures.
Sometime around A.D. 400, the
Basketmakers learned to make pot­tery.
Their first pots were crude,
unfired, undecorated utility ware,
often modeled in baskets. Tech­niques
continually improved, how-
ever, and gradually developed into
the magnificent ceramic art of the
"Great Pueblo" period, ro.ughly
from A.D. 1000 to. 1200, when Ana­sazi
culture reached its zenith.
During this developmental per­iod,
the Anasazi acquired com,
pro.bably by trade from peoples far
to the south, and established a
corn-beans-squash subsistence pat­tern
still followed by traditional
pueblo peoples today-the Hopi
are an example.
(As agriculture flourished, pre­historic
p0pulations grew, and vil­lages
developed into. "towns" with
the ancient farmers and their fam­ilies
living in huge, communal
"apartment" structures and "cliff
houses" o.f the Great Pueblo period,
massive buildings with up to five
storeys and hundreds of rooms.
Largest o.f these in Arizona, and
by far the best preserved, is Keet
Seel, a classic structure of the Ana­sazi's
Kayenta Branch with some
200 rooms, at Navajo National
Monument north o.f Flagstaff.
Nearby Betatakin ruin and Inscrip­tion
House are only slightly small­er.
Late in the period, the Sinagua
Branch, centered in Flagstaff, built
the spectacular red sandstone pue­blo
of more than 100 rooms at what
is now Wupatki National Monu­ment,
just north of Flagstaff.
The Flagstaff area, toward the
end of the Great Pueblo period,
became a major population and
trade center, largely as a result ' of
a singular event-the eruption,
dated at A.D. 1064-65, of Sunset
Crater north of Flagstaff. The
black cinders and ash strewn over
the area by the volcano acted as a
natural mulch for crops and
sparked an agricultural boom,
drawing Indian farmers from many
areas of the Southwest.
For a brief period and until
much of the volcanic debris eroded
At Tuzigoot, the ancients built on a hill
away, the Flagstaff area was a pre­historic
cosmopolis, with an esti­mated
population of more than
8,000. The Hohokam from the Salt
and Gila River valleys to the south,
for instance, established a thriving
colony in the rich "black sand"
area east of the modem city.
Then, between A.D.1250 and
1300, something, or several some­things
happened and northern Ari­zona
became virtually depopu­lated.
A prolonged drought, or an
invasion by ho.stile Indians are
among the reasons advanced for
this great exodus, but archaeolo­gists
still are not just sure why it
occurred.
When the Spanish arrived after
1539, they found only the small
New Mexico pueblos strung along
the Rio Grande and west to Zuni,
a few thousand Hopi on their re­mote
mesas north of Flagstaff, the
wandering Navajo, and the crumbl­ing,
silent ruins of a great past.
MclELLAN'S VARIETY STORE - FLAGSTAFF
McCrory-Mclellan-Green Stores
..
ONE PowWOW
DOESN'T MAkE
A SUMMER .•.
The Southwest All-Indian Pow Wow is not only
Flagstaff s, but Arizona's biggest single summertime
event. But in the days and weeks of July and August
that follow the Pow Wow, there are many other inter­esting
and entertaining things for the visitor to see
and do in the Flagstaff area.
Perhaps the major midsummer event is the Flagstaff
Summer Festival, set from July 24 through Aug. 10, a
cultural potpourri which brings together world-famous
Navaio Show a treasury of fine rugs
musical performers, a full, professional symphony or­chestra,
chamber music ensembles, classical ballet, and
prominent artists and sculptors of the nation and the
Southwest.
The Festival, now in its fourth year, will again have
Izler Solomon, much-acclaimed conductor of the Indi­anapolis
Symphony, as musical director and conduc­tor
of the OO-member Festival Symphony. Renowned
concert pianist Abbey Simon will be this year's fea­tured
soloist. Other musical offerings include the fine
Indianapolis Symphony Woodwind Quintet, and oper­atic
tenor Ray Arbizu. As a climax, on Aug. 9 and 10,
Solomon and the Festival Symphony will salute Grand
Canyon National Park's 50th anniversary by present­ing
the American composer Ferde Grofe in person, and
playing some of his works, including the ever-popular
"Grand Canyon Suite."
Early in the Festival, on July 27 and 28, the pres­tigious
Ballet West company will present fully-staged
productions of well-known ballets. No less than four
art galleries will open Festival exhibits on each of the
first four days of the event, with the Flagstaff Art
Bam marking the Grand Canyon's semi-centennial
with a special exhibit of the paintings of Jimmy Swin­nerton,
one of the best known interpreters of the
Canyon's colorful and varied moods. Other exhibits
will be in the Northern Arizona University Gallery,
the university's Student Art Center, and at the N orth­land
Press Gallery. Southwestern art and artists will
predominate. Also on the Festival schedule are a
series of showings of top film classics, and a special
chamber music and lecture program at The Lowell
Observatory.
Coinciding with the Festival will be the annual
Navajo Craftsman Show at the Museum of Northern
Arizona, running from July 27 through Aug. 3. This
unique exhibit and sale features the finest recent work
of renowned Navajo weavers, silversmiths and other
artisans, and draws connoisseurs of Indian arts and
crafts from all parts of the nation. The show is free
and open to all Festival-goers.
An unusual treat for summer visitors are the bi­weekly
open houses at famed Lowell Observatm'y, to
be held this summer on June 13 and 27, July 11 and
25 and Aug. 8 and 22-all Friday evenings and all at
. :".
Comin' Up ...
Flagstaff Summer Festival
July 24-August 10.
Navajo Craftsman Show at
Museum of Northern Arizona
July 27-August 3.
Lowell Observatory Hopen
houses" at 8 p.m., June 13, 27,
July 11, 25, and August 8, 22.
Mountaineers Square Dance
Festival August 1-2.
Coconino County Fair, Ft.
Tuthill F q.irgrottnds, August 22-
24.
Sheriff's Posse Houndup, Ft.
Tuthill, July 20.
Arizona Quarter Horse Show,
Ft. Tuthill, August 2-3.
Tri-State Appaloosa Horse
Show, Ft. Tuthill, August 9-10 .
:;;
Northland's biggest attraction-the Grand Canyon
8 p.m. The programs include an informative lecture
by members of Lowell's staff, and a chance to look at
the stars and planets through Lowell's ' fine 24-inch
refracting telescope.
An annual event in Flagstaff that attracts more than
1,000 "do-see-do' ers" is the Mountaineers' Square
Dance Festival to be held Aug. 1-2 this summer. Out­of-
town visitors interested in the area from a depth
standpoint can get a broad view of its life and work at
the annual Coconino County Fair, Aug. 22-24, this
year at the Ft. Tuthill Fairgrounds just south of the
city. County Fair horseracing is available July 4-6 and
13 at the Tuthill race course.
For those interested in fine horses and horseman­ship,
there are a number of key events scheduled dur­ing
July and August, starting with the annual state­wide
Sheriff's Posse Roundup on July 20, with compe­tition
fO'r posses from all over Arizona. On Aug. 2-3,
the annual Arizona Quarter Horse Show will be held,
sponsored by the Flagstaff Sheriff's Posse, and on Aug.
9-10, the annual tri-state Appaloosa Horse Show is set.
All three events will be at the Ft. Tuthill Fairgrounds.
During July, there are Indian dances at the varions
Hopi pueblos north and east of Flagstaff, most notably
the interesting Niman, or Home Dance usually held
late in July. In August, usually about the third or
fourth weekend, the famed Hopi Snake Dances take
place at one or two villages on the Hopi Mesas. The
Snake priests do not announce the exact dates and
locations of the dances until the nine-day ceremonial
gets underway. Local news media in northern Arizona,
however, will announce the dates and places of the
dances as soon as they are known.
Finally, all through the summer, a host of events,
some major and some minor, are scheduled in connec­tion
with the 50th anniversary of the establishment of
Grand Canyon National Park, and the 100th anniver­sary
of MajO'r John Wesley Powell's daring first explor­ation
of the gorges of the turbulent ColoradO' River.
Special exhibits will be on view at Page, site of
Glen Canyon Dam, north of Flagstaff, and ceremonies
are set early in August at the new Powell Museum
there. Celebrations are also set at the Grand Canyon
for the weekend of Aug. 16, coinciding with the date
100 years ago when Powell reached Bright Angel
Crepk.
These are still only a few of the things going on in
Flagstaff and northern Arizona this summer. So, after
you have enjoyed the Pow Wow, stay around Arizona's
Northland for awhile and join in the fun!
~ FLAGSTAFF AUTOMOBILE \WI DEALERS ASSOCIATION
Babbitt Motors. Flagstaff Dodge. McCoy Motors
Modern Motors. Tyrrell Chevrolet-Buick. Wilson Motors
" ..
��� N
• RIZO
UE A ••
,
ORT OUNTRY
Few, if any, area of the world can
compare with northern Arizona in
the sheer beauty, the incredible
contrasts of the land.
At Flagstaff, the ancient volcano
that is the San Francisco Peaks
towers 12,600 feet, the highest
point in all Arizona, and its cin­dered
slopes support a flora and
fauna that is wholly Alpine.
Just 80 miles to the north, the
Grand Canyon of the Colorado
River is an awes om , mil -deep
gash in the multi-colored rocks of
the sprawling Colorado Plateau,
and plants and animals typical of
the searing Sonoran deserts of Mex­ico
thrive in its depths.
Monument Valley, along Ari­zona's
northern border, is all sand
and rock, its stark monoliths sculp­tured
by abrasive winds into phan­tasmagoric
shapes that challenge
the imagination. West and east
along northern Arizona's southern
edge, everything is green from a
vast forest of Ponderosa pine which
stretches in a broad belt along the
3,OOO-foot escarpment of the Mog-
0llon (pronounced "Mug-ee-own")
Rim. The patches of soft blue in
this verdant vista are lakes and
fast-flowing streams reflecting the
Northland's clear skies.
Cool, quiet canyons-Oak Creek,
Sycamore, Clear Creek-cut the
Mogollon Rim and have both beau­ty
and function. The streams that
dance through their depths carry
precious water from the surround­ing
high country to the arid deserts
to the south.
To inventory all the attractions
of northern Arizona is a major task.
There are, for instance, five major
national forests, running from west
to east, the Kaibab, the Coconino,
the Tonto, the Sitgreaves and the
Apache. Each contains many prime
recreation areas, camping and pic­nic
grounds and facilities for boat­ing,
fishing, hiking, horseback-rid­ing
and other outdoor activities.
From Flag ...
Grand Canyon is 80 miles
north; take U.S. 180, or U.S. 89
to Cameron and State Route 64.
Petrified Forest is 120 miles
east on Interstate 40.
Oak Creek Canyon is 12
miles south on U.S. 89A.
Sunset Crater National Mon­ument
is 18 miles northeast on
U.S. 89.
Montezuma's Castle is 65
miles south on Interstate 17.
Navajo National Monument
is 145 miles north; take U.S.
89 to State Route 64 (to Tuba
City and Kayenta).
Tuzigoot National Monument
is 65 miles southwest on U.S.
89A.
Walnut Canyon National
Monument is 11 miles east on
Interstate 40.
Glen Canyon Dam is 135
miles north on U.S. 89.
Meteor Cmter is 50 miles
east on Interstate 40.
There are two national parks­Grand
Canyon to the north of Flag­staff
and Painted Desert-Petrified
Forest to the east, near Holbrook.
There are 11 national monu­ments
all within a few hours' drive
of Flagstaff. Some, such as Sunset
Crater 18 miles northeast of the
city, display unique or unusual
geologic features of the land.
Others, such as the Pipe Springs
National Monument in the "Ari­zona
Strip" north of Grand Canyon,
are concerned with the early his­tory
of the area. Still others pre­serve
the Northland's rich and
varied prehistory. Walnut Canyon,
just east of the city, and Wupatki
National " Monument, 40 miles to
the north, are the nearest of these
monuments to Flagstaff. At such
monuments as Navajo in Tsegi
Canyon to the north, or Canyon de
Chelly (pronounced "Shay") to the
northeast, visitors can see both an­cient
and living Indian cultures as
well as two of the most brilliantly
colorful areas of northern Arizona.
But national forests, parks and
monuments are only a part of
northern Arizona's infinite variety.
Meteor Crater, a scar on the
earth 570 feet deep and 4,150 feet
from rim to rim, is easily accessible
between Flagstaff and Winslow to
the east. Because the crater is simi­lar
to the craters on the moon,
America's astronauts receive part
of their scientific training there, as
well as on the great San Francisco
Peaks Volcanic Field which blan­kets
the area around Flagstaff for
800 square miles.
Both nature and man combined
to create the Northland's newest
wonder-mighty Glen Canyon Dam
on the Colorado River at Page. Be­hind
the graceful dam, dazzling
Lake Powell stretches up the gor­ges
of the Colorado and San Juan
Rivers far into the canyonlands of
Utah, providing a paradise for
boaters, fishermen and sightseers.
To the west of Flagstaff and north
of Kingman, Lake Mead sparkles
behind Boulder Dam and, since the
mid-1930s, has been a major mecca
for vacationers and sporstmen from
all over the West.
South of Flagstaff and along the
Rim, many smaller lakes beckon
the sports enthusiast and the aes­thete.
The Lakes Mary are just
eight miles from Flagstaff, and a
little farther to the southeast are
Ashurst and Kinnikinkk Lakes, al­so
prime fishing holes. White Horse
Lake, Cataract L~ke and other for­est
lakes fringe Williams to the
west of Flagstaff.
The visitor to Northern Arizona,
whether during the Pow Wow or
any other time, should make it a
point to see the Navajo and Hopi
Reservations which sprawl north
and east of Flagstaff all the way to
the New Mexico border.
Much of the life in the eleven
Hopi villages perched precipitously
on the three rocky Hopi Mesas is
lived as it was centuries before the
white man came to the New
World. The Third Mesa village of
Oraibi, a pleasant three-hour drive
from Flagstaff, is believed to be the
oldest continuously-occupied com­munity
in America, its origins dat­ing
back to the 12th Century.
The Navajo Tribe, the nation's
largest by far, has a growing sys­tem
of tribal parks scattered across
the ruggedly-beautiful reservation
which is roughly the size of the
State of West Virginia. These pro­vide
picnic or camping facilities at
many unique scenic vantage points.
Much of the reservation is now ac­cessible
on all-weather roads, but
some areas can still be reached
only by dirt roads or tracks, and
travelers using such roads should
check on the weather before start­ing
out, as sudden and violent Hash
floods can occasionally occur.
Mountain country ...
... and Canyon country
FIRST FEDERAL SAVINGS
Oldest in Arizona; $200 million in assets; 18 offices
PowWow
H iGl-lliG~T:
T~E Hopi S~ow
Traditions abound at the Southwest All-Indian Pow
Wow and one of the greatest is the Museum of N orth­ern
Arizona's annual Hopi Craftsman Show which
provides visitors with a unique opportunity to see the
finest arts and crafts of a vibrant Indian people whose
roots extend far back into the dim mists of prehistory.
This year's Hopi Show will be the 36th, and will be
open to everyone from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Thursday
through Sunday, July 3-6, at the museum which is
located on the west side of Flagstaffs Fort Valley
Road (U.S. 180) some two miles north of the city.
The show, Museum director Dr. Edward B. Danson
explains, has a very specific purpose over and above
the exposure of the exquisite work of Hopi artisans to
thousands of northern Arizona visitors. Primarily, it is
designed to encourage the Hopi to continue to pro­duce
their classic arts and crafts, and thus to preserve
and perpetuate the distinctive styles and skillful tech-
Hopi dolls and things
niques that were already ancient when the white man
first entered the American Southwest.
Modern civilization has made its inroads upon the
three remote Hopi mesas northeast of Flagstaff, as it
has on all of the nation's Indian peoples. Still, Museum
curator Barton A. Wright points out, the Hopi, per­haps
more than any other Indian group, have held to
their traditional ways and thus have kept their cen­turies-
old cultural heritage intact.
More than 1,500 items will be on display and on
sale at this year's Hopi Show. Everyone is welcome
and there is no admission charge for the show, and no
obligation to buy any of the items on exhibit. Prices
for each item are determined by the Hopi artisans
themselves and the museum, thus, simply provides the
showcase and the market place for the products of
their skilled hands. Experts knowledgeable in Hopi
styles and techniques judge each entry in the show,
thus providing additional encouragement to the crafts­men
to maintain the high quality of their work.
The visitor to the Hopi Show will find the museum's
cloistered patio crowded with the finest basketry, pot­tery,
weaving and embroidery that the best of the
Hopi artisans have produced during the past year. In
the museum itself and its special exhibits room, color­ful,
hand-carved and hand-painted kachina dolls,
shaped from cottonwood roots, cover the walls in bril­liant
profusion. Display cases and tables are bright
with the delicate, distinctive jewelry of the renowned
Hopi silversmiths. On the north side of the patio, with
the San Francisco Peaks as a backdrop, well-known
Hopi craftsmen demonstrate the traditional skills of
their people preserved through the ages.
Just outside the patio is «Piki House" where rolled,
wafer-thin "piki" bread, made from Hopi corn meal, is
prepared and grilled on a hot, Rat rock to provide an
unusual "snack" for museum visitors.
The arts and crafts in the Hopi Show are gathered
during late May and June by teams of museum staff
members who visit artisans in each of the 11 Hopi
villages. The best of these Hopi artists and craftsmen
have been participating in the museum's Hopi Show
for many years and have made it their practice to save
the very finest examples of their work for the annual
event.
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