1971 Flagstaff All-Indian Powwow Program

              4}"Rd ANNUAl . .
SouTliwEST
All-INdiAN
PowWow
FlAGSTAFF -
ARizONA
July 2,}, 4
a .......... ~ I itv2"J
4}Rd ANNUAl
All-INdiAN PowWow
Sponsored by Pow Wow, Inc., Flagstaff, Arizona
Pow Wow, Inc., Box 426, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, is a non-profit organization the sole
function of which is the staging of the annual Southwest All-Indian Pow Wow in Flagstaff
over the Fourth of July. Members of the Board of Directors serve without pay. The presi­dent
is elected from the board, usually for two years. The Pow Wow Sourvenir Magazine
is an official publication of Pow Wow, Inc., and is published annually on or about May 15.
The Pow Wow Magazine is printed by the Northland Press, Flagstaff, Arizona. All material
herein was prepared by Pow Wow, Inc., unless otherwise indicated.
Sturgeon Cromer
Vice-President
Mike Flournoy
Howard Taft Sr.
E. Lee Hutchison
Leland McPherson
Secretary-Treasurer
Iudson Tonamah
Roy Smith
Harry Biller T. M. Knoles Ir.
Earl Caniford Roger Wilson
Marshall Knoles Frank Bronski
TICKET INFORMATION
Tickets for all afternoon rodeo and night ceremonial
performances at the Southwest All-Indian Pow Wow
are on sale at the Flagstaff Chamber of Commerce,
101 West Santa Fe Avenue, until the morning of
July 1, the opening day of the Pow Wow, when the
ticket office will open in front of the grandstand at
the Pow Wow grounds at City Park. All grandstand
and box seats are reserved. Bleacher seat tickets go
on sale two hours before each event.
Don C. Clark
President
Andy Wolf
Bill Hanson
H. B. Chick Warnock
\"
••• T~E ENT~UsiASTic SUppORT of T~ESE SpONSORS ~AS
MAdE publiCATioN of T~E Pow Wow MAGAZiNE possiblE
WESTERN AMERICAN HOMES
Manufacturers of Conventional Homes
ANDY'S LIQUOR AND SPORTING GOODS
23 North Beaver
THE BRANDIN' IRON WESTERN WEAR
The Store with the Ranch Brands on the Front
NORTHERN ARIZONA AMUSEMENT CO.
Your Record Shop
KNOLES' BAKERY
PLANET EARTH'S GREAT METEOR CRATER
Training Ground of U. S. Astronauts
NORTHERN ARIZONA TAXI
The Way to Get Around
TISSAWS
109 North Leroux
RAY LARKEY CONSTRUCTION CO.
Builders of Homes for Successful People
NAVA-HOPI TOURS
BLEDSOE'S MEN'S STORE
On the Parade Route
PENNIE'S GENERAL STORE
In Friendly East Flagstaff
EAST FLAGSTAFF WESTERN AUTO STORE
The Family Store
FLAGSTAFF VENDING COMPANY
GENERAL COMMUNICATIONS
Niles Radio Corp.
CHAPMAN'S MARKET
Where Your Food Dollar Goes Farther
THE GOLDEN STAR
Fine Chinese and American Foods
LEAMON'S APPLIANCES, INC.
Magnavox Home Entertainment Center
MONTE VISTA BUILDING
Downtown Offices, Cocktail Lounge, Restaurant
ANDERSON TRADING COMPANY
Navajo Rugs and Jewelry
CONTINENTAL TRAILWAYS
Easiest Travel on Earth
DON STARR ELECTRIC
Installation - Service - Maintenance
INO IAN ~
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CITY
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I - PROGRAM
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___ PARADE ROUTE
US 89 SOUTH JUNDERPASS I
US 66 WEST
The Pow Wow Parade starts promptly at 11 a.m. each day of the Pow Wow at
Exciting
Parades
All-Indian
Rodeos
Spectacular
Ceremonials
Colorful
Encampment
Santa Fe Avenue and Sitgreaves Street, and proce'eds east on the route shown on
the map above. It is a brilliant spectacle with ceremonial dance teams performing
at many points along the two-mile line of march; rodeo contestants and brightly­dressed
Indian beauties on horseback; the top all-Indian marching bands of the
region; and scores of Navajo families, displaying their finest jewelry, rugs and
blankets, riding in traditional, horse-drawn wagons. Only Indians participate in
the parades; non-Indians are spectators. Only Indians are allowed to perform in
any Pow Wow event.
The Pow Wow Rodeo beings at 1: 30 p.m. each day in the Pow Wow arena at City
Park (see map above). Indians, and only Indians, compete for thousands of dol­lars
in cash prizes, as well as coveted silver Pow Wow belt buckles and saddles,
in the full range of rodeo events and in wagon races, wild horse and colt scram­bles
and many other Pow Wow specialities. The rodeo is an amateur affair, how­ever,
giving working Indian cowboys a chance to perform, and thus providing
more fun and more unscheduled thrills for spectators. The annual Pow Wow
Beauty and Baby Contests are also held during the afternoon rodeo sessions.
Beginning at deep dusk each night of the Pow Wow, huge pine log bonfires flare
in the hushed Pow Wow arena and the colorful, spectacular ceremonial dances
get underway. Dancers from more than a dozen Indian tribes - from the North­west,
the Plains, and the Southwest - perform authentic rituals, some of which
were old when Columbus set sail for the New World, in the flickering firelight.
For a breathless time, the night is filled with whirling, prancing color, pulsing
drums, hypnotic chanting and wild, savage shouts as dancers and singers once
again reaffirm age-old tribal traditions.
The vanguard of thousands of Indians begins to arrive in Flagstaff days before
the Pow Wow starts, and the Pow Wow Encampment, one of the most interesting
sights in the West, quickly grows around the Pow Wow grounds and up the pine­forested
slopes of Mars Hill. The scene is one of bewildering variety as the old
and new ways of Indian life are blended around smoldering campfires. Nearer
the Pow Wow grounds proper, many of the Indians visitors set up booths to show
their unique arts and crafts work to potential buyers, Indian and non-Indian
alike. The Pow Wow Encampment is both a meeting place and a market place
for many Indian peoples.
Pow Wow is a rodeo
where the unexpected
is always expected
DEfiNE PowWow?
Writing a theme on Pow Wow
would send Charlie Brown's little
sister Sally into orbit.
Pow Wow is something like a
Cecil B. DeMille epic. Basically it
is people. But like a DeMille ex­travaganza,
it involves over 100,000
people, with all the color, action
and pageantry imaginable.
Pow Wow has a very serious pur­pose.
It serves to promote a better
understanding of the American In­dian
peoples and their way of life.
Pow Wow is also a superb ex­ample
of that great American idea:
"the giant melting pot." All types
of people, Indian and non-Indian
alike, come together at Pow Wow.
A myriad of cultures, backgrounds,
customs, beliefs, attitudes and peo-
. pIe intermix, and, hopefully, learn
from each other.
Like Topsy, Pow Wow "just
growed." It's said that Indians were
on hand for a Fourth of July Cele­bration
in 1876. Whatever its ori­gins,
Pow Wow, now officially 43
years old, is the nation's biggest
all-Indian show.
Some 10,000 Indians come to
Flagstaff each year for the various
Pow Wow events. More than 40
Indian tribes are represented, from
Montana to Mexico City.
Although Pow Wow is primarily
an Indian event, non-Indians make
up the majority of the crowds. In
recent years attendance has been
estimated at over 100,000 people.
Only Indians are allowed to partici­pate
in the various POIW Wow
events, but then, not many visitors
really want to ride a wild, buck­ing
horse.
Arizona has the largest Indian
population in the nation. Most of
the Pow Wow Indians, therefore,
come from this state. The greater
part of these are Navajo, Hopi,
Apache and Havasupai, who come
from northern Arizona. Approxi­mately
125,000 Indians live on the
various reservations in this area.
Arizona is a land of contrasts.
The geography runs the gamut
from dry, burning deserts to snow­covered,
pine-dotted mountains.
Like the land, Arizona's Indians are
also a study in contrasts.
Arizona has 14 resident Indian
tribes, and these O'ffer an interesting
range of sizes, cultures and histories'.
The smallest and most static of
northern Arizona's tribes are the
Havasupai. Their numbers have not
changed much since the 17th cen­tury.
The few hundred Havasupai
make their home in Supai Canyon,
a tributary of the Grand Canyon.
This remote land is accessible only
by foot, pack mule or helicopter.
America' s largest and fastest
growing tribe is the Navajo. Their
reservation is slightly larger than
the combined areas of Connecticut,
Massachusetts and New Hampshire.
It begins just a few miles north and
east O'f Flagstaff and works its way
eastward, taking up a vast part 0'£
northwestern New MexicO'. Some
100,000 NavajO' make their hom,es
in this area.
avajo were no­mads.
They speak the Athabascan
language of western Canada. It's
believed they migrated from there
to our own Southwest along with
the Apache, their close relatives.
Supposedly they settled here some­time
between 1200 and 1500 A.D.
The N ava jo were once known as
fierce warriors, given to periodic
raids on their pueblo neighbors.
Today, the peaceful Navajo, like
most O'f America's Indians, are busy
trying to survive in the alien Anglo
world; a world which, by design
or otherwise, is slO'wly eating away
at centuries-old Indian ways and
traditions. The Indian way of life
is gradually coming closer to that
of the white man. This change is
done willingly by some, reluctantly
by others. Very seldom is it done
easily. Too often, Indians find that
they dO' not fit cO'mfortably in either
the Indian or Anglo world. Like all
change, this one is bound to create
a certain amount of cultural fric­tiO'n
and distress. Hopefully, the
PO'W Wow "melting pot" each year
helps to alleviate some of this al­leged
distress.
The Navajo are famous for their
intricate weaving and outstanding
silversmithing. The usual Navajo
apparel is really more trader than
traditional. The women dress in
a rainbow of colorful velveteen
blouses and satin skirts; these were
popularized by white traders in the
19th century. The men are clothed
in store-bought boots, work or cow­boy
shirts, tall-crowned, wide­brimmed
cowboy hats and blue
jeans.
N ow most all of the Indian youth
are seen in the same garb you find
of teenagers anywhere from Port­land,
Oregon to Trenton, New J er­sey.
This includes glued-to-the-ear
portable radios blaring rock-and­roll
music.
On the reservation, many Navajo
still live in the traditional hogans,
and for many, the real measures
of wealth are still silver and tur­quoise
jewelry, sheep, cattle and
horses.
The Hopi are the second largest
group at Pow Wow. They speak a
Uto-Aztecan language and live in
eleven villages on and around the
three Hopi Mesas in the middle of
the N ava jo Reservation.
The Hopi are steeped in tradi­dition
and are almost certainly
descendants of the Anasazi - "The
Ancient Ones" in Navajo - who are
known to have lived in this area at
least 1,500 years ago.
Like other pueblo Indians to the
east and in the Rio Grande Valley,
the Hopi are deeply religious. Their
many traditions are reflecte-d in
their elaborate ceremonial calendar,
which begins in December with
Pow Wow is Indian-style "drag racing"
the Soyal Dance and runs through
late July with the Niman, or Home
Dance. Thousands of visitors are
drawn to -the Hopi villages each
summer to watch masked Hopi
dancers impersonate the Kachinas,
supernatural beings whO' are the
Hopi's messengers to the gods.
These danoes are both colorful and
strangely stirring rituals.
Hollywood movies generally por­tray
the Apaches as terrible and
fierce warriors; and at one time
they were. In fact, they were one
of the last tribes to be subdued by
the military power of the United
States.
Today, however, they are a
happy-go-lucky people and are the
clowns of the Pow Wow. Their
ceremonial life is not as elaborate
as other tribes. However, their
dances are amang the mast popular
at Paw Wow.
Their principal ceremanial is the
Mauntain Spirits Danae, sometimes
called the Crawn Dance ar erran­eously
the Devil Dance. It is given
during the four-day ritual at which
Apache maidens are initiated intO'
womanhaad. The haaded dancers,
in strange headdresses, represent
friendly Apache deities. Their
waaden swords symbolically fight
the farces of evil. One af the dan­cers
is a clawn who alternately tan­talizes
and torments spectators at
the dance. This is typical af many
dance graups.
Taday the Apache are primarily
farmers and cattle ranchers. Of all
the Indian reservations, theirs is
probably best suited far such ac­tivities.
The Hualapai busy themselves
with sheep and cattle grazing and
lumbering. Their reservatian is 10'­cated
to' the west of Flagstaff. They
and the Havasupai camplete the
list of northern Arizana Indians at­tending
the Pow Wow.
The Pima (river dwellers) and
Papago (bean people) are Uta­Aztecan
speaking Indians. They
come fram central and southern
Arizana, alang with the small Mari­copa
tribe, which has largely been
assimila ted by the Pima. These are
all descendants of the ancient Ha­hakam,
the builders of extensive
irrigatian systems in the Phaenix
area 2,000 years ago. These Indians
live an the deserts in and south af
the Gila and Salt River valleys.
The list of Arizona Indians alsO'
includes the Mohave, the Cheme­huevi,
the Yuma and the less than
100 Cacopah, all of wham live an
the Fart Mahave and Calarada
River reservatians alang the lower
Calarado River and the western
barder of Arizana.
Some af southern Utah's Paiutes
who spill over into the remat'~
"ArizDna Strip" cauntry narth of the
Grand Canyan, and the Yavapai,
living in the Verde Valley sauth af
Flagstaff, camplete Arizana's Indian
roster.
Pow Wow is everybody shopping at the encampment booths
If yau thaught high scha0'l Eng­lish
was rough, consider the lan­guage
af the Indians from the
pueblO's of New Mexico. Three
tongues are spoken in the Rio
Grande area. They are Zuni, a
unique tongue, Keresan and Tan­oan,
which has three variatians­tiwa,
towa and tewa. These Indians
have cultures similar to the Hopi
and are especially represented at
the night ceremonials.
Pueblo graups joining Paw Waw
include the Zuni, Jemez, San Juan,
San nde£onso, Laguna, Cachiti,
Taos, Acama, Isleta, Santa Da~
mingo and Santa Clara Indians.
Many well known tribes repre­sent
the Great Plains. They include
the Cheyenne, SiDUX, Craw, Black­fDot
and Pawnee, all fram the High
Plains. AIDng with the Kiowa,
Cherokee, Chickasaw, Chactaw,
Creek and others from the southern
Plains and the Indian country in
and around Oklahama.
Other Indians at Pow Wow in­clude
the Nez Perce, Shoshone,
Arapaho, Flatheads and the coloc­ful
Aztecs fram Mexico.
Were Sally to' write that theme
about Pow Waw and the Indians,
she wauld dO' well to take a tour of
the many reservatians in and
around Flagstaff. This wauld he an
easy, camfortable trip backwards
in time, spanning many centuries
Df traditiDn. Imormation on suoh
trips can be obtained from the
Flagstaff Chamber of Commeroe,
lacated downtown at the comer of
Santa Fe Avenue and Beaver Street.
Pow Wow PARAdE:
Two MilE PREViEW
Two miles of color and action, and a preview of things
to come - that's a Pow Wow parade.
More than 100,000 people have lined Flagstaff streets
during the recent three-day Pow Wows to watch this free
preview; all the elements of a Pow Wow can be seen at
once during the parade.
These daily parades begin sharply at 11 a.m. from the
corner of West Santa Fe Avenue and Sitgreaves Street
and wind their way through two miles of downtown
Flagstaff streets. (Actual parade route is shown on the
map on page 3 O'f this magazine.)
The most popular attraction in these parades are the
Indian ceremonial dance teams. Wearing colorful, tra­ditional
costumes and paint, the teams dance here and
there along the parade route, giving spectators a brief
sample of the many ritual dances to be seen later at the
night ceremonials. As the parade takes place during the
The watched also watch the watchers
peak daylight hours, it is the photographer's best oppor­tunity
fO'r good Pow Wow pictures.
Riding among other parade entrants are many Indian
rodeo contestants. These tough, but happy-go-lucky cow­boys
ride along with their thoughts focused on the rodeo~ s
afternoon events. Will they bask in the limelight of the
admiration of their comrades? Will their wallets fatten
with rodeo prize money? Or will a bucking bronc do
them in; providing only wounded pride and perhaps a
bruised body? Within a few hours the Indian cowboy
will know the answer.
A parade is never complete without a band. Th~ Pow
Wow parade features many bands that would delight
McNamara himself. These all-Indian groups include the
Hopis, Zunis, Pimas, Papagos and Yumas.
Like all Fourth of July celebrations across America,
the Pow Wow parade begins with a color guard bearing
the American flag. This color guard is comprised of
Indian members and veterans of the American armed
services.
Roster of Pow Wow Peoples
Navaio Kiowa San Juan
. Hopi Cherokee San Ildefonso
Apache Mohave Arapahoes
Havasupai Crow Zuni
Hualapai Choctaw Jemez
Pima--Papago Creek Taos
Paiutes Pawnee Shoshones
Cheyenne Chemehuevi Cochiti
Sioux Aztecs Lagunas
... and many others
Following the flag are beautiful Indian maidens in­cluding
the Pow Wow's own Princess and her attendants,
Miss Indian America and Miss Indian Arizana. Venerable
Indian sages, chiefs and headmen alsO' pass in review,
some an harseback and same in O'pen cars.
Pladding alang the parade raute are NavajO' wagons.
The wagons are a fast disappearing remnant af the past;
Pow Wow is a photographer's delight
Apache dancer alternately teases, torments and tantalizes the crowd
being replaced, for the most part, by modem pickup
trucks. There is a timeless quality abO'ut these wagans
with the Navajo warnen impassively reining the hairses
while tall-hatted men keep casual hands on the brake
handle. From within these watermelO'n and hay laden
wagons, little Navajo children peek out, watching the
parade watchers watch them.
Picture ointers
For daytime shots of parades, rodeos and the encampment,
remember that the N orthem Arizona sun is unusually bright. A
light meter, or advice from an experienced hand, will assure good
pictures. Close-ups often prove more interesting than general
scenes, and human interest shots abound at the Pow Wow. Often,
it is proper to ask permission before taking pictures of indiViduals,
and payment of a small tip is not in bad taste. For rodeo action,
faster shutter speeds -1/200th or better - are adVisable, and
a telephoto lens will bring truly memorable pictures. Flash shots
are not permitted at the Night Ceremonials, a rule deSigned to
preserve their unique setting and maximum enjoyment of the
dances. But good pictures are possible with high speed films,
at 1/50th and f:2 or lower, if you shoot when the dancers are
in the best light. Fire away!
•... .
. '
VAllEY NATIONAL BANK
Three offices serving Flagstaff
Pow WOW RodEO:
EXPECT T~E UNEXpECTEd!
Even with a carefully laid out
progam, the Pow Wow rodeo often
charts its own course.
While many of the rodeo con­testants
are professionals, a good
many are also amateurs who try
their hand at bronc riding or calf
roping .only occasionally at reser­vation
rodeos and the Pow Wow.
Because of this, there has never
been a Pow Wow rodeo without at
least a dozen unscheduled events.
And in view of this, the Pow Wow
rodeo spectator is advised to watch
closely.
The Pow Wow rodeo, like all of
Pow Wow, continues to grow each
year. In the past few years, some
350 Indian cowboys have competed
for around $15,000 in total cash
prizes.
It is not unusual for an Indian
cowboy to win $1,000 or more for
his rodeo achievements; however,
there's more than just money at
stake at a Pow Wow rodeo.
Perhaps even more important
than the cash is the prestige at­tached
to the custom-made silver
belt buckles and the handsome
handtooled saddles given to various
rodeo winners.
Even the so-called "losers" often
win, in the form of sheer enjoyment
of rodeo competition. The rivalry
between the cowboys is friendly,
The rodeo arena
is not the sole
domain of the men
lust ask the
cowboys, calves
are as elusive
as they are small
but nonetheless spirited. For some
the real prize is being able to point
out to a buddy, again and again,
that he stayed on the big, bucking
bronc longer than the buddy did.
The rodeo begins each afternoon
at 1: 30 p.m. in the Pow Wow Arena
at City Park. In the past few years,
morning sessions have had to be
held due to the large number of
entrants. These are free to the pub­lic
and are held to complete the
preceding day's go-rounds and to
provide re-rides, thus insuring that
every contestant gets a fair chance
at the top prizes.
A Pow Wow rodeo includes all
those events normally seen at any
rodeo - bareback and saddle bronc
riding, bull dogging, steer riding,
calf roping and team tying; these
are the events on which the points,
and ultimately the money ride.
Because the Pow Wow is unique,
it could not let its rodeo go with­out
a few special events not seen
elsewhere. These include hilarious
wild cow milking contests for In­dian
squaws, colt scrambles for
Indian youngsters and breathtaking
wagon races.
Another event which has grown
in popularity in recent years are the
fiercely competitive barrel races foc
young Indian horsewomen.
The largest group of Indian cow­boys
participating in the rodeo
come from the nearby Navajo and
Apache Reservations, but more than
30 tribes, from as far away as Wash­ington,
Oregon, Montana, the Da­kotas
and Oklahoma are repre­sented.
The rodeo is run and offic­iated
by experienced Pow Wow
personnel and professional arena
hands.
Included among the noise, thrills
and spills of the rodeo events are
two other annual contests. These
contests are held to select the most
beautiful Indian maiden and the
most beautiful Indian baby at the
Pow Wow. Applause from the
- ,.
This is not the easiest way to get off a horse
«y ou have to ride that big mean one? Lots of luck!"
crowd for their favorite entries de­termines
the winners of these two
events.
All things considered, a Pow
Wow rodeo is like a cross between
"High Chapparal" and "F -Troop";
offering the color and adventure of
the former along with the laughs of
the latter ... though probably more
entertaining than either.
11 .... _ ...
A TRAdiTioNAl SPECTACulAR
It is cool and dark, and an anticipation which can only
be described as electric fills the crowd assembled in the
arena seats.
A small burning light moves about the arena floor. It
stops briefly here and then thexe. Then, with a crackling
roar, huge pine log fires erupt. They rip through the
darkness to provide a flickering, eerie background against
which dancers from more than a dozen Indian tribes
will once again perfOlID the authentic rituals of their
peo.ples.
These are the night ceremonials, hands-down, the most
dramatic, impressive and famous of all the Pow Wow
events.
Some twenty different dances are performed each night
of the Pow vVow. But the show is never the same, be-cause
each dance is seldom repeated; more than :6.fty
different rituals are performed during the course of the
three nightly ceremonials.
Traditionally, the evening will open with a blessing
given by a prominent medicine man from one of the par­ticipating
tribes. This is not unlike the Anglo practice
of opening a meeting or other gathering with a prayer
of invocation.
"The Gathering of the Tribes" follows the blessing.
One by one the various dance groups will move out onto
the field, providing a colorful preview of things to. come
- and for all to enjoy.
The variety of dances performed will have a wide
range o.f importance and significance to the Indians pre­senting
them. An experienced Pow Wow commentator
will provide the audience with the meanings and par­ticulars
of each of the dances.
Some have a deeply religious significance to the In­dians.
Spectators should remember this and oonduct
themselves accordingly during the performance. This is
the major reason flashbulbs are not to be used during the
ceremonials. Such use wo.uld also disturb others in the
audience who are viewing the show.
Some rituals have a social function and are danced
at celebrations or are used to promote courtships or
reaffirm tribal unity.
And, quite frankly, some of the dances are comic. The
Indian has a finely-developed sense of humor and thor­oughly
enjoys exhibiting his talent for mimicry and
caricature. The Indian, through the dance, will spoof
himself, other Indians and particularly the white man.
Indian ritual dances are characterized by a straight
back and a bent knee, the dancer bending slightly at the
waist. Footwork is often complicated, head movements
are subtle and the arms are seldom used.
Along with the dances, the spectator will see perform­ances
by well known Indian singers. Like other minstrels,
these singers carry the legends and traditions of their
peoples in their memories, and thus preserve them and
pass them along to succeeding generations. Indian songs
are full of subtle meanings, and though they may sound
strange to non-Indian ears, the careful listener will find
great beauty in them.
Pow Wow parades
are always
a living rainbow
of color lf!):r.iJ ' FIRST FEDERAL SAVINGS
Oldest in Arizona;
$325 million in assets; 19 offices
PowWow's
ORiGiNS ANd OPERATioNS
Ask the Flagstaff old-timers and
you're liable to get all sorts of sto­ries
about how Pow Wow began.
The "gospel truth" is almost im­possible
to obtain. The brief history
which follows contains the facts
most generally agreed upon.
The first Pow Wow of sorts ap­peal's
to have been in 1876. At that
time, as the story has it, a group of
California-bound emigrants camped
at a sprin~ not far from what is
now City Park and looation of the
Pow Wow arena. Being Independ­ence
Day, they decided to celebrate
the event. They took a tall pine tree
and trimmed it down making a
flagstaff from which to fly the Amer­ican
flag. They fired their guns and
generally whooped it up. Indians
from the area came to investigate
and watch. They were invited to
join in the festivities and fun. The
result was the first Pow Wow. One
thing is usually agreed on: the flag­staff
stood for many years and this
is how Flagstaff got its name.
During the 1920s the local Elks
Club put on a Fourth of July Cele­bration
called the "Days of '49."
Once again curious Indians came to
watch the white man's festivities. In
fact, so many came that local busi­nessmen
suggested staging some
sort of event for the Indians. This
was tried late in the summer of
1928; Indians from the surrounding
areas were invited to come and join
in free barbeques, games, contests
and dances. It was a success for
Driving a car in the parade is one of a committee members easier tasks
all; the Indians had fun, they met
old friends, found new ones, traded
their goods and found it convenient
for shopping; the townspeople had
fun and also learned to know the
Indians in a much better way, and
local merchants enjoyed a brisk
business. The following year the
event was moved to the July 4th
weekend and the general format of
to day's Pow Wow was established.
During the following years the
event was truly a community one.
Everyone pitched in to bring the
Indians in from the reservation and
to cook big, delicious ports of food
for them. The Indians, in turn, pro'­vided
the white man's entertain­ment
in the form of games and rit­ual
dances.
Like all good things, Pow Wow
grew and became more complex. It
had to become organized: in 1934
Flagstaff Celebrations, Inc., was
formed. In 1938 this was amended
to the present name of Pow Wow,
Inc.
Today's Pow Wow Inc. Board of
Directors includes a diverse group
of local committeemen. The com­plexion
of the committee includes
a state senator, the county attorney,
a Bureau of Indian Affairs official,
the owner of a liquor store and
many others. Their backgrounds
and occupations are varied but they
all ha¥e one thing in common­the
deep and abiding interest in the
Indian as a human being.
Board members of Pow Wow,
Inc. serve for free. Pow Wow, Inc.
does pick up the check for a few
breakfasts, the annual banquet,
three pieces of official Pow Wow
Indian jewelry and like incidentals.
However, for the most part, loss of
revenue from being away from
work and out-of-pocket expenses
more than offset the few "gifts" a
member may receive.
Pow Wow, Inc. is a non-profit or­ganization.
Committeemen often
hear words to the effect, "you guys
really had a good turnout last year,
your bank acoount ought to be
pretty fat." However, whatever Pow
Wow makes it plows back into Pow
Wow. As Pow Wow grows it takes
more money; the money goes back
to make it better; as it gets better
it grows and takes in more money
. . . the cycle goes on.
The responsibilities and expenses
of Pow Wow, Inc. are as diverse as
the occupations of its committee
members. In a typical year, Pow
Wow, Inc. will pay bills for a wide
range of goods and services such as
plumbers, hay, watermelons, elec­tricians,
calves, light bulbs, nails
and portable rest rooms.
Committeemen find themselves
involved in the usual small organ­ization
game, "you'll head up one
committee and work on all others."
An incredible amount of small de­tails
must be taken care of, and
coordinated to make the Pow Wow
the smooth-running and enjoyable
event it has always been for par­ticipants
and spectators alike.
Although the 17 Pow Wow board
members are responsible for the
event, Pow Wow could never oper­ate
by their efforts alone. There are
many local clubs and organizations
who pitch in and help, such as
Rotary, Kiwanis, Lions, Optimists,
Jaycees, Sheriff's Posse, East Gate
Garden Club and many others.
There is also the Pow Wowettes, a
group of nearly 100 high schoDI
girls who also serve voluntarily as
guides and usherettes at both rodeo
and night ceremonials.
In all, more than 500 persons
from all segments of the city are
directly involved in the Pow Wow,
making the celebration a commun­ity
event. And there's always room
for more; the need for volunteers
to help is ever-present.
At the Pow Wow
kick-off breakfast
the chief of Arizona,
Gov. Williams, chats
with another chief
East Gate
Garden Club
each year
makes the
Kachinas
used in
Pow Wow
promotion
PowWow ...
WONdEROUS SiGl-ns FOR
YOUNG ANd Old
Generation gaps close
as all ages enjoy
the color and wonder
of Pow Wow events
A Rainbow of Color by Night
Perhaps some day
this little brave
will lead
the dance team
Indian jewelry and like incidentals.
However, for the most part, los,s of
revenue from being away from
work and out-of-pocket expenses
more than offset the few "gifts" a
member may receive.
Pow Wow, Inc. is a non-pro.fit or­ganization.
Committeemen often
hear words to. the effect, "you guys
really had a good turnout last year,
your bank acoount ought to be
pretty fat." However, whatever Pow
Wow makes it plows back into Pow
Wow. As Pow Wow grows it takes
more money; the money goes back
to make it better; as it gets better
it grows and takes in more money
. . . the cycle goes on.
The responsibilities and expenses
of Pow Wow, Inc. are as diverse as
the occupations of its committee
members. In a typical year, Pow
Wow, Inc. will pay bills for a wide
range of goods and services such as
plumbers, hay, watennelons, elec­tricians,
calves, light bulbs, nails
and portable rest rooms.
Committeemen find themselves
involved in the usual small organ­ization
game, "you'll head up one
committee and work on all others."
An incredible amount of small de­tails
must be taken care of, and
coordinated to make the Pow Wow
the smooth-running and enjoyable
event it has always been for par­ticipants
and spectators alike.
Although the 17 Pow Wow board
members are responsible for the
event, Pow Wow could never oper­ate
by their efforts alone. There are
many local clubs and organizations
who pitch in and help, such as
Rotary, Kiwanis, Lions, Optimists,
Jaycees, SheriH's Posse, East Gate
Garden Club and many others.
There is also the Pow Wowettes, a
group of nearly 100 high school
girls who also. serve voluntarily as
guides and usherettes at both rodeo
and night ceremonials.
In all, more than 500 persons
from all segments of the city are
directly involved in the Pow Wow,
making the celebration a commun­ity
event. And there's always room
for more; the need for volunteers
to help is ever-present.
At the Pow Wow
kick-off breakfast
the chief of Arizona,
Gov. Williams, chats
with another chief
East Gate
Garden Club
each year
makes the
Kachinas
used in
Pow Wow
promotion
•
The old combines with the new
as two and three weeks before the Pow Wow. They ar­rive
this early because, for many, this is the yearly "trip
to the big city." While many Anglo visitors come to
Pow Wow to shop the Indian booths, many of the Indians
come to shop in the Anglo stores.
By wagon, by car and by truck, the Indians continue
arriving until this annual community is completed.
Although you may consider yourself an accomplished
shopper and even an experienced master of the fine art
of bartering, dealing at an Indian booth will often be a
new and sometime frustrating experience. By his very
nature, the Indian merchant has the edge on his Anglo
customer. While you have become conditioned to clock­watching,
the Indian attaches little importance to time
and has all day to deal with you. If he does not sell his
wares today, well, it's really not important, after all, he'll
be open again tomorrow.
The Pow Wow encampment with its people, sights
and action can be a real field day for the camera buff.
However, the photographer should not be surprised if
he finds himself also being the photographed. Instamatics
and Super 8's, once thought to be the exclusive domain
of the white man, have found their way into. Indian
hands and turn about has become fair play.
Pow Wow visitors are welcome to wander about the
encampment. However they should bear one thing in
mind; although temporary, these are the homes of the
Indians. Visitors should observe common courtesies and
should not intrude on the privacy of the Indian families
residing there .
There's something for everyone at the bazaar
This gathering of Indians is much like an Anglo family
reunion, company picnic or club convention. Like every­one
else, Indians like to have fun, and that's what they're
here fo.r. Old friendships are renewed and new ones are
begun. Old arguments are settled and some new ones are
started. Common problems are discussed, gossip ex­changed
and a few tall stories are swapped. Grand­motheI1s
have another chance to spoil their grandohildren,
and, of course, boy meets girl.
All through the night, Indians gather around encamp­ment
fires, talking, visiting and enjoying a meal; some­times
they dance and chant. Age-old tribal songs fill the
air, and although the language is strange, its tone is uni­versal
... "all is well with the world," on a Pow Wow
encampment night.
TIiE opi Sliow
T~E TRAdiTioNS LivE ON
r
•
One of the finest traditions at the Southwest All-Indian
Pow Wow is the Museum of N orthem Arizona's annual
Hopi Craftsman Show. This annual event provides visi­tors
with a unique opportunity to see the finest arts and
crafts of a vibrant people whose roots extend far back
intO' the dim mists Df prehistory.
As always, this year's show, the 38th annual, will be
open to everyone frDm 9 a.m. to' 6 p.m., Thursday through
Sunday, July 1-4, at the Museum which is located on the
west side of Flagstaff's Fort Valley Road (U.S. High­way
180 to the Grand Canyon), some two miles north
of the city.
Dr. Edward B. Danson, director of the Museum, ex­plains
that the ShDW has a very specific purpose over
and above the expDsure of the exquisite work of the
HDpi artisans to' thDusands of Pow Wow visitors. Pri­marily,
it is designed to' encourage the Hopi to continue
to produce their classic arts and crafts, and thus to
preserve and perpetuate the distinctive styles and skillful
techniques that were already ancient when the first
white men entered the American SDuthwest.
As with all of America's Indian peoples, modern civ­ilizatiO'n
has made tremendous inroads upon the three
remote Hopi mesas northeast of Flagstaff. Still, Mus'eum
curator Barton A. Wright points out, the Hopi, perhaps
more than any other Indian group, have held to their
traditional ways and thus have kept their centuries-old
cultural heritage intact.
At this year's Hopi Show more than 1,500 items will
be on display and for sale. Everyone is welcome to
the show and there is no admission charge, and no O'b­ligation
to buy any Df the items on exhibit. The Hopi
artisans determine the prices for the various items them­selves.
The Museum simply provides the showcase and
the market place fDr the products of their skilled hands.
Experts knDwledgeable in Hopi styles and techniques
judge each entry in the show, thus providing additional
encouragement to the craftsmen to maintain the high
quality of their wOTk.
The visitor to the HDpi Show will find the Museum's
cloistered patio crowded with the finest basketry, pot­tery,
weaving and embroidery that the best O'f the
Hopi artisans have produced during the past year. In
the Museum itself and its special exhibit room, color­ful,
hand-carved and hand-painted kaohina dolls, shaped
from cottonwood roots, cover the walls in brilliant pro­fusiDn.
Display cases and tables are bright with delicate,
distinctive jewelry of the renowned Hopi silversmiths.
On the north side of the patio, with the S~n Francisco
Peaks as a backdrO'p, well-known Hopi craft~men demon­strate
the traditional skills of their people preserved
through the ages.
Just outside the patio is "Piki House" where rolled,
wafer-thin "piki" bread, made from Hopi cornmeal, is
prepared and grilled on a hot, flat rock to provide an
unusual "snack" for Museum visitors.
The arts and crafts in the Hopi Show are gathered
during late May and June by teams of Museum staff
A browser's or buyer's delight
members who visit artisans in each of the 11 Hopi
villages. The best of these Hopi artists and craftsmen
have been participating in the Museum's annual Hopi
Show for many years and have made it their practice
to save the very finest examples of their work for the
annual event.
Navajo Show Coming Up !
The artistic genius of the Navajo people, too, is cele­brated
in a major Museum of Northern Arizona event
later in the summer. The unique Navajo Craftsman Show,
to be held this year from July 25 through August 1, brings
together the finest of Navajo arts and crafts from all cor­ners
of the sprawling Navajo Reservation for all to admire
and, for those who so desire, to purchase. For eight days,
9 a.m. to 5 p.m., the Museum becomes a brilliant panoply
of bright Navajo rugs and blankets, providing a colorful
setting for hundreds of items of fine silver-and-turquoise
;ewelry and other Navajo arts and crafts. Renowned
Navajo artisans are also on hand to demonstrate weaving
and other traditional skills, as well as such distinctively
Navajo arts as sandpainting.
J. C. PENNEY CO.
Always First Quality
INdiANS ARE PEoplE Too
The follOwing is an adaptation of
"They're People TDO," a bDoklet
written by Irvy W. Goossen, in­structor
in Navajo at Northern Ari­zona
University. This booklet was
written for and is distributed by the
Indian Relations Committee of the
Flagstaff Chamber of Commerce.
Although it was written for local
retail sales people, the information
it contains can be of use to anyone
dealing with tile Indians for the
first time.
John has come to the Southwest
because he was interested in In­dians.
However, he'd had no experi­ence
with them and was looking
fO'rward to meeting them. He had
read some magazine articles and a
book Dr two in which the Indian
was portrayed in his primitive habi­tat.
Being young and idealistic, he
came West to see what he might
do to' help them.
In this story, after finding a job
in a local department store, John
has made the acquaintance O'f a
young Navajo, Kee Yazzie, who
works at a local service station.
Mo.nday morning, on his way to
work, Jo.hn stopped for gas. "Say,
Kee," he said, "I just got a job at
the department store, and I'd like
to know more about Indians, as I
understand many Indians trade
there. Can you help me?"
''I'd be glad to'. I find that new
sales peo.ple are o.ften baffled by
what Indians dO' and ·say. Come to.
The white man is sometimes unsure in dealing with the Indian
my home tonight and I'll give you
some pointers."
That evening when J O'hn walked
into Kee's house he saw that Kee
had several notes written on a sheet
of paper. He knew Kee was pre­pared.
«Good evening, Kee, I'm glad to.
have the o.pportunity for this talk,"
said John as he sat down. "I realize
that to ask for a sho.rt statement of
what Indians are like is quite a big
order. NO' society is that easy to
explain."
"You're right, John. I couldn't tell
YO'U about it in one evening. But I
did jot down a few things to tell
you about to get you started think­ing
in the right direction."
"First of all, there is really no
such thing as an Indian society.
Each group or tribe is very distinct
from all others. There is some re­lationship
between the Navajo and
the Apache, as well as between the
Havasupai, Walapai and Yavapai.
But the languages and cultures of
these groups and the Hopis are all
different fro.m each other. So, to
say 'Indian ways' does not make a
whole lot of sense to us."
John was surprised. "I didn't
realize that."
Kee began with his list of helpful
points. "Let me say that Indians
don't particularly care to be thought
Df as Indian first. Why not think
of us as human beings, fellowmen
who have the same feelings and
aspiratiO'ns as your people do? All
the Indian asks for is oO'mmon
courtesy."
"Many of my people, the Navajo,
can't speak any English. They have
to speak thrDugh an interpreter,
who may not know English very
well himself. This takes time. When
you are waiting on them, if you get
in a hurry, they will notice your
impatience and may just pick up
and leave. They know of other
stores where the people will take
time with them."
"The other new clerk almost lost
a sale that way tDday," interjeoted
John. "She became impatient try­ing
to' talk to' an DId gentleman.
Just as the Indian was about to
leave one of the O'lder clerks came
to the rescue."
"M y first point was common
cOUltesy," said Kee. "The next is
related to this, it's good will. In­dians
do not usually look peO'ple in
the eye. They've been taught that
this is polite. But, this causes sales
people to' think Indians are dis­hO'nest
and leads to fears of dealing
with Indians. I wO'uld say that even
when wDrds fail, a smile and gen­uine
friendliness are seldom mis­understood.
Indians are friendly,
but are O'ften very reserved until
they knDw you. This is a tradition.
But Dnce relaxed, they're as jolly
as any people."
"Another point not far removed
frDm the others is that of honesty
and sincerity. I think an Indian is
prDbably as sensitive as anyone to
detect insincerity on the part of
peDple dealing with them. An In­dian
is also very much aware if he
is not being dealt with honestly.
Indians will trade with those who
treat them hDnestly, even if the
prices are higher at these places."
"I gather from what you say,"
JO'hn commented, "that you want
us to' trust the Indians whO' in turn
are ready to reciprocate. They dDn't
really want us to think Df them as
Indians."
"Yes, up to a pDint. I think the
Indian wants YO'U to be aware of
his different background, however,
so YO'U can see some of his prDb­lems
too."
"Which brings up my last point,
empathy. I knO'w that the town's
peDple can never really knDw what
it's like to' live as an Indian on a
reservation. But if they try to think
in terms of the Indian's background,
they might CDme to' sO'me new un­derstandings."
Kee continued, "Many Df the
O'lder folks on the reservation have
Though different in
appearance, the Indjan
is much like his white
brother in hopes and
aspirations
dO'ne most O'f their business at res­ervation
trading PDsts, a place of
leisurely business. Selections are
made slDwly; no one get::s impatient
with a custDmer taking his time.
Trading days are times in which
you meet your friends and ex­change
stories, news and even bits
O'f gossip. The trader understands
the people and they know he re­spects
them .. They kid each other as
they barter abO'ut prices."
"You must remember, John, that
when the Indian people drive intO'
tO'wn from the reservation, they
come intO' anDther wO'rl9,. This
world speaks a foreign language.
This world acts differently from the
one they are used to. So the Indians
O'ften feel very much like fDreign­ers.
They feel unweloDme at times
and very cDnspicuO'US at other times.
And unfO'rtunately, they are often
treated badly by bigDted or un­thinking
people. All white men
could help them in this prO'blem."
By evening's end, JDhn knew he
had the foundatiDns for beginning
to' know the Indians as peDple. Dur­the
short drive back to his house,
John reviewed in his mind Kee's
list: "1. The Indian appreciates
CDmmon courtesy as does any per­son.
2. He hopes to' become friendly
with thDse with whom he deals. 3.
He expects people to' be hO'nest and
forthright, dealing with him on a
man-to-man basis. 4. He is trying
hard to ad just to the unfamiliar
ways of the white man and expects
the same from the white society.
He expects the white man to' treat
him as he himself wO'uld want to
be treated."
FLAGSTAFF WHOL LE
LIQUOR ASSOCIA 10
Pow Wow's SUMMER
The All-Indian Pow Wow is really
only the beginning of a crowded
summer calendar of activities and
entertainments in Flagstaff and Ari­zona's
cODI Northland. FrDm the
PDW WDW on, there are many things
to' do, to see and to' hear that will
interest the visitor or vacationer.
By far the most important single
event, perhaps, will be the sixth
annual Flagstaff Summer Festival,
the Southwest's Dnly majDr summer
cultural carnival and one that is
steadily gaining in prestige and
popularity across the nation.
The 1971 Festival will open on
July 14 and will continue through
August 8, invDlving some 40 per­forn1ances
of 29 different events,
including symphony and chamber
orchestra concerts, art exhibits, re­citals,
ballet, modern dance, film
classics, Broadway plays, and chil­dren's
theatre.
A number of new faces and new
Karen Armstrong
features have been added to the
Festival's program this year.
Certainly the most attractive new
face will be that ·of YDung, talented
Karen Arms1trong, a lyric-coloratura
sDprano with the Metropolitan and
New YDrk City Operas.
The dark-haired, dark-eyed, 26-
year-DId Miss Armstrong will join
twO' internatiDnally-renDwned mu­sicians
- pianist Menahem Pressler
and violinist Sidney Harth - as so­loists
with Maestro Izler Solomon
and the 88-member Festival Sym­phony.
Solomon, conductm of the highly­acclaimed
Indianapolis Symphony
for the past 15 years and one of
America's most respected musicians,
has been the Festival's music di­rector
and conductor since its in­ceptiO'n
in 1966.
Pressler and Harth will also be
sO'ID artists with SolomO'n and the
40-member Festival Chamber Or­chestra,
and in addition, will give
individual recitals for Festival au­diences.
Both are Festival veterans,
Harth having performed in 1967
and 1969, and Pressler having ap­peared
last year both as a sO'loist
and with the famed Beaux Arts
Trio of New YDrk.
Among the new features at the
1971 Festival will be a drama pro­duction
by the Tucson-based Ari­zona
Civic Theatre on the evenings
of August 5-8, and an evening mod­em
dance presentation August 6 by
the fine Kadimah Dance Theatre
cDmpany, alsO' of TUCSDn. These
groups are participating for the first
time this year through the oooper­a
tion of the Arizona Commission
fDr the Arts and Humanities, a ma­jor
supporter Df the Festival, and
will further broaden its scope as
an Arizona-wide cultur:al event.
Two other drama presentations
will be staged during the Festival,
one of which represents still an­other
innovation on this year's
program.
This will be the Festival's first
children's theatre production, an
original play with music titled ''I'd
Rather Be a Horse," by the hus­band-
and-wife playwright team of
Hal and Gene Owen whO' are re­sponsible
for mDre than half -a­dozen
highly successful children's
plays and scores of nationally-tele­vised
scripts.
The play, with both matinee and
evening performances July 15-18,
will be directed by Mary Jean
Weaver and will star actor Robert
Towers, most recently in the Los
Angeles musical hit, "VictDry Can­teen"
but perhaps even better
known from his role of "Snoopy"
in the popular Broadway musical,
"You're a Good Man, Charlie
Brown."
The Festival will also offer four
evening performances, July 22-25,
of Noel Coward's prize-winning
Broadway classic, "Private Lives,"
with a cast headed by top profes­sional
actors and actresses. Bill
Foster will direct this production.
The visual arts portion of the
Festival wi1l be highlighted by a
retrospective exhibit of the works
of artist Richard Florsheim, a m.em­ber
of the well-known shoe manu­facturing
family, tOI be exhibited
in the Northern Arizona University
Art Gallery.
Flagstaff's Art Barn will display
the works of twO' nationally-promi­nent
Arizona artists - Scottsdale's
William B. Schimmel and Sedona's
Stephen Juharos. Notable among
other Festival exhibits will be an
extensive collection of the wDrks of
the late Mac Schweitzer, especially
assembled for the Festival from
public and private sources, to be
shown at the University Branch of
The Arizona Bank.
Two unusual, and nDW traditional
Festival events will be the unique
Navajo Craftsman Show, July 25
throughDu August 1, at Flagstaff's
Museum of Northern ArizDna,
which features the best wDrk of
Navajo artisans 0'ver the past year;
and the annual chamber music pro­gram
and open house at wo.rld­famed
LDwell Observatory, set for
the evening of August 2.
Classical ballet made its debut on
the Festival program three years
ago, and again this year, the fine
Pacific Ballet company will return
to present performances Saturday
evening, July 17, and Sunday aft­ernoon,
July 18.
Finally, the great classics of mo­tion
picture art will be available to
Festival-goers, with two showings
0'f major feature films every Tues­day
and Thursday night of the
Festival.
The majority of Festival events
will be held on the N0'rthern Ari­zona
University campus - its art
galleries, auditorium and new, mod­ern
Creative Arts Theatre. The
university's annual Summer Music
Camps, involving more than 1,000
top high schools musicians, coincide
with the Festival and offer many
free concerts and recitals that are
open to everyone.
Many Festival events, such as
the art exhibits and the Navajo
Craftsman Show, are free and open
to all. And, in line with the F es­tival's
policy Df making its pro­grams
available to as many pe0'ple
as possible, tickets for the perform­ance
events are very moderately
priced.
Along with the Festival, major
events on the Flagstaff pDSt-PoW
Wow summer calendar include two
important regional horse shows, an
area-wide square dance festival,
horse-racing and, as a climax to the
summer season, the annual Coco­nino
CDunty Fair.
Horse races, with pari-mutuel
betting, will be sponsored at the
Coconino County Ft. Tuthill track
by the Coc0'nino C0'unty Racing As­sociation
July 3-5 and 10-11.
The weekend Df July 23-25, with
both the American Appalo0'sa Asso��ciation's
annual Appaloosa H0'rse
Show and the annual Northern Ari­zona
Cinder Rally f0'r dune buggies
and automotive enthusiasts, will be
one of the summer's biggest. The
Appaloosa show is at Ft. Tuthill;
the rally is at the cinder hills north
and east 0'f Flagstaff.
On July 31 and August 1, the
Flagstaff Sheriff's P0'sse will again
sponsor the annual Arizona Quarter
Horse Sh0'w, an event which draws
the finest quarter h0'rses in the en­tire
west to the show arena at Ft.
Tuthill.
On Friday and Sa:turday, August
6 and 7, hundreds Df square danc­ing
aficionados will oonverge on
Flagstaff for the annual M0'un­taineers
Square Dance Festival, to
be held at the East Flagstaff J unioT
High School auditorium, and at
Flagstaff City Park.
The t0'p late summer offering on
the program will be the three-day
Coconino County Fair, August 20-
22, at the county's Ft. Tuthill fair­grounds.
This is a gala affair, with
exhibits, contests, shDws and a mid­way
carnival, that is always l0'ts 0'f
fun f0'r residents and visitors alike.
The county 4-H chicken barbecue
Dn the last day of the Fair is a
perennial highlight.
Of unusual scientific and historic
interest is famed Lowell Observa­tory,
ane Df several major researoh
installations in the Flagstaff area.
Founded by Percival Lowell in
1894 to' study the planets, and par­ticularly
Mars, the observatory has
been in the forefront of astrDnomi­cal
research fDr more than 75 years.
The observatory and its scientists
ha ve made many cDntributions to
, Izler Solomon
man's knowledge Df the universe,
but perhaps the best known was
the discovery of the planet Pluto in
1930, the result of a search initiated
by LDwell himself some 25 years
earlier. The 0'bservatory holds "open
house" each weekday from 1: 30 to
2:30 p.m. and, during the summer,
on alternate Friday evenings at 8
p.m. These evening sessions prO'­vide
visitors with an unusual op­portunity
to view the heavens
thr0'ugh the Lowell 24-inch refract­ing
telescDpe. Tickets fDr the Fri­day
night sessi0'ns must be Dbtained
in advance from the Flagstaff
Chamber O'f Commerce, although
they are made available there at
nO' charge.
There are many other interesting
things going on during a Flags.taff
summer. Visitors should check with
the Chamber Df Commerce, the
newspapers and local radio stati0'ns
to be sure they don't miss anything.
FOR JUST A SliORT DRivE
Arizona is the "Grand Canyon
State." This awesome, mile-deep
gash in the multi -colored rocks of
the broad Colorado Plateau is lo­cated
just 74 miles north of Flag­staff
on easy--to-travel Highway 180.
Plants and animals typical of the
searing Sonoran deserts of Mexico
thrive in the depths of the Canyon.
If you have never seen the Grand
Canyon, you are urged to do so.
However, the U. S. Park Service has
recently had to put a quota on
overnight campers in the Park. This
had to be done because of over-
From Flag ...
Grand Canyon is 74 miles
north; take U.S. 180, or U.S. 89
to Cameron and State Route 64.
Petrified Forest is 120 miles
east on Interstate 40.
Oak Creek Canyon begins 12
miles south on U.S. 89A
Sunset Crater National Monu­ment
is 18 miles northeast on
U.S. 89.
Wupatki National Monument is
44 miles northeast on U.S. 89.
Montezuma Castle National
Monument is 65 miles south on
Interstate 17.
N ava;o National Monument is
115 miles north; take U.S. 89 to
State Route 64 (to Tuba City and
Kayenta).
Tuzigoot National Monument is
60 miles southwest on U.S. 89A.
Walnut Canyon National Mon­ument
is 11 miles east on Inter­state
40.
Glen Canyon Dam 'and Lake
Powell are 135 miles north on
U.S. 89.
Meteor Crater is 50 miles east
on Interstate 40.
The Lakes Mary begin 8 miles
southeast on the Long Valley
road.
crowding and its resulting damage
to the environment. It would be
best to check with Park officials be­fore
planning a camping trip to
the Canyon.
While it is the biggest, the
Grand Canyon is just one of numer­ous
attractions in this area. Few,
if any, places compare with north­ern
Arizona's beauty and incredible
contrasts of the land.
At Flagstaff, the ancient volcano
that is the San Francisco Peaks tow­ers
12,600 feet, the highest point in
all Arizona. Its cindered slopes sup­port
a wide array of Alpine flora
and fauna.
The Arizona Snow Bowl is lo­cated
in this area and is a popular
skiing and fun spot during the win­ter.
During the summer a ride on
the ski-lift provides a breathtaking
view of the countryside.
Monwnent Valley is located north
of Flagstaff along the Colorado
Plateau. Centuries of wild winds
have carved monoliths in this area
comprised of only sand and rock.
A vivid panorama of bright reds,
oranges, yellows and browns await
the visitor.
West and east along Arizona's
southern edge, everything is green
from a vast forest of Ponderosa
pine which stretches in a broad belt
along the 3,OOO-foot escarpment of
the Mogollon (pronounoed "Mug­ee-
own" ) Rim. Cool quiet canyons
- Oak Creek, Sycamore, Clear
Creek - cut the Mogollon Rim and
combine beauty with function.
Within their depths are streams that
carry procious water from the sur­rounding
high country to the arid
deserts to the south.
Kaibab, Coconino, Tonto, Sit­greaves
and Apache are the nve na­tional
forests in northern Arizona.
Many forests surround Flagstaff
Each cantains many recreatian
areas, camping and picnic grounds
and facilities far baating, hiking
and ather autdaor activities. There
are two natianal parks in this area.
Alang with Grand Canyan National
Park, there is the Painted Desert­Petrified
Forest area to. the east af
Flagstaff, near Halbraok. The latter
cantains just what the name implies
and rewards the visitar with sights
seen nawhere else in the warld.
There are 11 national manument's
within a few hours' drive af Flag­staff.
Same, such as Sunset Crater,
18 miles nartheast, display unusual
gealagic features caused by a now
quiescent valcana which erupted in
A.D. 1064-65. Pipe Springs Natianal
Monument, in the ccArizona Strip"
country narth af the Grand Can­yan,
is cancerned with Arizona's
histary. A pianeer Marmon autpost
is preserved here.
The ruins of the narthland's pre­histary
can be seen clasest to. Flag­staff
at Walnut Canyan Manument
just east af the city, ar at Wupatki,
40 miles to the narth. Traveling an
the Navajo Reservatian, visitors ean
see both ancient and living Indian
cultures at such manuments as
Navajo. in Tsegi Canyon to the
north, or Canyan de Chelly to. the
nartheast. These are also twa of the
mast brilliantly colarful parts of
narthern Arizona.
Natianal parks, farests and monu­ments
are just part af the lang list
af places to. visit and things to. see.
All of America's astranauts have
received part of their training at
Metear Crater, a scar an the earth
570 feet deep and 4150 feet fram
rim to. rim, which is lacated between
Flagstaff and WinslDw. This crater,
as well as the many smaller vol­canic
canes scattered aver the 800-
square-mile San Francisco. Volcanic
Field, is similar to. the craters Dn
the maan, and offers a near-perfect
training area far the astranauts.
The Grand Falls af the Little
Colorado. River on the Navajo. Res­ervatian
30 miles northeast af Flag­staff
are a spectacular sight when
they are Howing. The silt-laden river
then is a dark reddish-brown; thase
Pack trip into the Grand Canyon provides beautiful sights
who. have seen it agree with the
nick-name af the "Chacolate Ni­agara."
The Grand Falls also. cam­pare
with the Niagara in height and
water Haw.
Both nature and man cDmbined
to. create the Northland's newest at­tractians.
They're the mighty Glen
Canyon Dam Dn the Colarada
River at Page and the graceful,
steel arch bridge that spans the
sheer, 700-faot gorge just down­stream;
this is the highest bridge of
its type in the warld. Behind the
Dam, dazzling Lake PDwell backs
up the ColaradD and San Juan Riv­ers
far into. the canyans of Utah,
praviding a paradise far baaters,
fishermen and sightseers.
The N arthland visitar shauld make
it a paint to. visit the Navajo. and
Hopi reservatiDns which sprawl
nDrth and east Df Flagstaff. Of par­ticular
interest would be the HDpi
village af Old Oraibi, an easy three­hour
drive fram the city. It's be­lieved
to be the oldest, cantinuausly
oecupied community in America,
its arigins dating back to. the 12th
century.
Visitors need nat go far fram
downtown to. see a variety af mu­seums,
Dbservatories and Dther
points of general and scientific in­terest.
The Flagstaff Chamber of
CDmmerce, lacated downtawn at
the corner af Santa Fe Avenue and
Beaver Street, has a wide selectian
Df free taurist-ariented leaHets and
brachures cDvering narthern Ari­zana's
many attractions.
INdiANS ARRivEd
80 CENTURiES AGo
The Indians were here first, of course - at least 8,000
years ago for sure, but possibly well befO're that.
Crude, chipped-stone hand-axes, choppers and s~ap­ers,
not unlike those made by ancient man everywhere
in the world, have been found along the Little Colorado
River nO'rth and east of Flagstaff. A certain type of primi­tive
projectile point, knO'wn to archaeologists as a "Pinto"
point and believed to date some thousands of years
before the birth of Christ, has also been found in the
Flagstaff area increasingly in recent years.
To the north, near Navajo MDuntain and just Dver
the Arizona-Utah border, fragments O'f crude sandals,
made Df twisted yuoca leaves, have been unearthed from
shallDw, dry, sandstone caves and have yielded Carbon-14
dates that show they were worn by the vanished peoples
of the so-called "Desha complex" between 5000 and
6000 B.C.
By using radiocarbon dating, archaeO'logists know that
between 4,000 and 3,100 years ago, northern Arizona
was visited by an unknown people. They left behind
them toylike figurines made by twisting a single, split
willDw wand into the stylized form of a deer. These
animal effigies are assumed to have had a magical sig­nificance
for the wandering hunters who made them.
These were, perhaps, the first condominiums
Incredibly preserved for over 40 centuries, these fig­urines
have been found in caves deep in the Grand
Canyon and at Walnut Canyon, just east of Flagstaff.
Then, the archaeO'lDgical record is blank, fO'r mDre than
a thousand years.
In the earliest centuries Df the Christian era, that
record picks up again. While barbaric hordes rO'amed
EurDpe and Rome decayed, a new people appeared fDr
the first time in northern Arizona prehistory. They were
called by the Navajo the "Anasazi," O'r "The Ancient
Ones." Where they came frDm is still an archaeolDgical
mystery.
Their earliest dwelling sites, marked by straw-lined
pits and cysts and rock-edged hearths in dry caves 0'r
rock shelters, have been dated between A.D. 200 and 300.
They hunted small game, ate roO'ts, nuts, herbs and ber­ries
and made baskets - hence their designatiDn as "Bas­ketmakers"
in Dne of the arohaeological classificatiDns of
prehistoric Southwestern cultures.
The Basketmakers learned to' make pottery sometime
around A.D. 400. Their first PDts were O'ften molded in
baskets and were crude, unfired and undecorated: they
were simple utility ware. HO'wever, their techniques
continually improved and gradually developed intO' the
magnificent ceramic ware O'f the "Great PueblO''' period,
when Anasazi culture in the area reached its zenith,
rDughly from A.D. 1000 to 1200.
During this develO'pmental period, the Anasazi ac­quired
CDrn, prDbably by trading with peoples far to
the sO'uth. They established a corn-beans-squash sub­sistence
pattern still followed, even today, by traditiDnal
pueblo peoples, of which the Hopi are an example.
Surface structures began to' appear at this time. They
were probably built first fO'r storage, later as dwellings.
The first structures were of "wattle and daub" construc­tion
- sticks and adDbe mortar. This gradually gave way
to solid coursed masonry as these pueblO' buildings be­came
more and more complicated. Pithouses were nort:
entirely abandoned, however their use became largely
for ceremonial purposes - the "kiva" of today's modem
pueblo peoples.
Agriculture flDurished, prehistoric pO'pulations grew
and the villages developed into "towns." The ancient
farmers and their families lived in huge, oDmmunal
t "apartment" dwellings and "cliff hDuses" of the Great
Pueblo period. These massive structures had as many
as five stories and hundreds of rODms.
At Navajo NatiDnal Monument north of Flagstaff can
be seen the largest such dwelling in Arizona; it is also
the best preserved. It is Kent Seel, a classic structure
of the Kayenta branch of the Anasazi, and cDntains some
200 rooms. Nearby Betatakin Ruin and Inscription House
are only slightly smaller. Late in the period, the Sinagua
branch, centered in the Flagstaff area, built the spec­tacular
red sandstDne pueblO' of more than 100 rooms
at what is now Wupatki National MO'nument, just north
of the city. Elden Pueblo is another massive, but unre­stDred
Sinagua ruin just at the city limits at the base of
9250-foot Mt. Elden. Post-A.D. 1300 structures can also
b'e seen in the Verde Valley at MO'ntezuma Castle and
Tuzigoot National Monuments, south of Flagstaff.
The Great Pueblo period was the peak of cultural
achievement and prosperity for the various Anasazi
branches. By this time, the branches were spread across
northern ArizO'na into northewestern New Mexico, south­ern
Utah and southwestern Colorado.
The Anasazi were vigorous traders, trading among
themselves and with surrounding peoples - the MO'gollon
culture to the southeast, the HohDkam to' the south and
the Patayan peoples to the west. Their prehistoric im­ports
included turquoise from New Mexico, salt from the
Verde Valley, parrDts and copper bells from Mexico, and
shells from the California coasts; and of course, new
ideas and techniques from everywhere.
Toward the end of the Great Pueblo period, the Flag­staff
area became a major population and trade center,
largely as the result of one event - the eruption, circa
A.D. 1066-67, of Sunset Crater northeast O'f Flagstaff. The
black cinders and ash strewn over the area by the vol­cano
acted as a natural mulch for crops. This sparked
an agricultural bDom and drew Indian farmers here from
many areas of the Southwest.
The Flagstaff area was a prehistoric cosmopolis with
an estimated population of over 8,000, for a brief pe­riod
until the volcanic debris eroded away.
Between A.D. 1250 and 1300, almost overnight in terms
of history, something, or several somethings happened
and the entire population of northern Arizona virtually
disappeared. Exactly why is still a mystery. Part of the
reason may have been a drought which started at that
time. It has also been suggested that the sedentary,
farming peoples of the region came under attack from
hostile, but never identified, peoples from the east O'r
north. HDwever, neither explanation seems to fit all the
available evidence.
In 1539, more than two hundred years later, when the
Spanish arrived they found the small New Mexico pueblos
strung along the Rio Grande and west to Zuni, a few
thousand Hopi living on their high mesas northeast of
Flagstaff and the seasonally migrating ~avajo ten~ng
their livestock. They also found the qUIet, crumblIng
ruins: silent remnants of a gloriO'us past.
Centuries-old ruins dot the northern Arizona landscape
Our Cover:
Throughout these pages the Pow Wow program
has talked about the histories, cultures and back­grounds
of the various tribes who attend the
Pow Wow, as well as the problems faced by the
Indians as they move from their world into the
white man's world.
Part of this change is happening rapidly, part
of it slowly and reluctantly. Perhaps one of the
best examples of this evolution can be seen in
the Navajo wagons. The wagons were originally
introduced to the Indian by the white man and
at that time they had steel-rimmed, wooden
wheels. Some where along the line, the Indians
began putting modern, tube-type, rubber wheels
on their old wagons.
Today, very few of these wagons are left, their
number at Pow Wow diminishes each year; to­day,
for the most part, the rubber tires are tube­less
and they are mounted on brightly enameled,
chrome-laden V-8 pick-up trucks.
We'll wager that you'll see some of the vintage
wagons around Pow Wow this year, and we hope
that the tradition will be kept alive . . . if only
brought out of storage once a year . . . f01' the
benefit of Pow Wow.
Pow WOW, INC. T~ANks All T~E fiNE fiRMS ANd iNdividuAls
W~OSE NAMES AppEAR ON T~ESE PAGES ...
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1051 Milton Road
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Downtown at 11 East Aspen
THE WEATHERFORD HOTEL
Your Best Grand Canyon Stopover
THE WIGWAM
Authentic Indian Crafts - Navajo Rugs
IT'S CLUB 66
Center of Town
414 North Humphreys
CARTER'S OF FLAGSTAFF
Downtown and Greenlaw Vii/age
NORTHERN ARIZONA THEATRES, INC.
Orpheum - Flag East - Mt. Elden Drive-In
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A Little Down is Enough for Brown
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PICTURE CREDITS
'7 48
Cover photo Norman Borg; Page 4, Jean Burke; all other full-color by
Norman Borg; Pages 24-25, Flagstaff Summer Festival; all other black and
white photos by Pow Wow (Norman Borg, Jean Burke, Frank Bronski,
William Hoyt) and from the files of the Arizona Daily Sun.