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"...." A ZONA VERn FfL
l.~ -PI AGITAFF PU8UC lIBRARY Fla\lstaff Indian Days
... ~--- ~-
1990 Pro\lram
$2.00
Omitakuyasi: (Greetings)
I am pleased to welcome everyone to the First Annual Flagstaff Indian Days.
Our theme for this year's Pow-Wow is Keeping Traditions Alive:
Understanding of Traditions provides us with vision and wisdom needed to build
an strengthen our communities. There was a vision that someday Indian
people would again rise above the negative stereotypes and present the world
an image most beautiful and everlasting. The catalyst for this would be the
annual crowning of a beautiful Indian woman, as Miss Flagstaff Indian Days, to
serve as ambassador.
We are pleased to also present to you the finest of Indian Arts and Crafts.
The main purpose of this event is to raise scholarship for Native American
students. At the same time keep the traditions alive. Balancing spiritual
traditions with modern living. The Best of Both Worlds.
In the process of this experience it is my hope to create a bridge of
understanding between Indian and Non-Indian people.
On behalf of "All Those Special People", who make this event happen,
Welcome to Flagstaff India.n Days' Pow-Wow. It is our hope that when you
leave, you will take with you the good memories of such cultural experiences.
All My Relations
Stan Natchez
Coordinator
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0, GREAT SPIRIT, Whose voice I hear in the winds,
And whose breath gives life to all the world, hear me!
I am small and weak. I need your strength and wisdom.
LET ME WALK IN BEAUTY, And make my eyes ever behold the red and
purple sunset.
MAKE MY HANDS respect the things you have made,
and my ears sharp to hear your voice.
MAKE ME WISE so that I may understand the things
you have taught my people.
LET ME LEARN the lessons you have hidden in every leaf and rock.
I SEEK STRENGTH, not to be greater than my brother, but to fight my
greatest enemy - myself!
MAKE ME ALWAYS READY to come to you with clean hands and
straight eyes.
SO WHEN LIFE FADES, as the fading sunset, my spirit may come to you -
without shame.
The PowWow
One accounting of the origin of the word
"pow wow" comes from the Narranganset,
an east coast tribe from Rhode Island. The
early colonists noticed large gatherings
around "medicine men" as they practiced
their skills and the usage of the word
"pawwaw" was heard quite frequently.
Falsely, the English took the expression to
mean the "gathering", not the man who
caused it. Through its popular use although
slightly deviated, it became synonymous to
the American Indian as the English translation
for their various celebrations.
To us the North American Indian, pow
wow's have definite meaning. It is tradi-
Hitehin~ Post Stables
Lake ~Iar~· Road
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~ Country Cookhi
BBQ - Open to Public
774-1719
Call for information 8. reservations
RENTAL HORSES
Rides to " ·alnut Can)'on
tion among several hundred tribes on this
continent to have celebrations among themselves
and other welcomed nations. Many
people travel several hundred miles to attend
these activities. As the visiting participants
are well taken care of, it is then a fact
that the "pow wow" denotes an expression
of friendship to all nationalities who attend.
Now much of the dances and forms have
become integrated in todays modem pow
wows. The basic theme of the pow wow is
still there, that is, one of friendship and
unity amongst all tribes.
Flagstaff City
and Coconino County
Public Library
Centennial Celebration
and
Arts and Crafts Fair
July 4th
Free Watermelon, Cookies and Pepsi
Bring a Sack Lunch
Arts & Crafts Fair ..................... 10 - 6
Book Sale ................................ 10 - 6
Library Parking Lot
Rag Raising - American Legion ....... 11
Oak Creek Gang ...................... 11: 05
Mariachi ContinentaL ................ 12 - 2
Elks Clown Club ........... ............ 12 - 2
Wheeler Park
We are a part of the earth and it is a part of us
In 1854 Chief Seattle of the Puget Sound Indians was asked to
sell a large area of land in that is now Washington state. He and
his people were also promised a reseroation by president Franklin
Pierce. Here is Chief Seattle's reply, one of the most
beautiful statements on the environment ever made.
HOW can you buy or sell the sky, the warmth of the
land? The idea is strange to us. H we do not own the
freshness of the air and the sparkle of the water, how
can you buy them?
Every part of the earth is sacred to my people. Every
shining pine needle, every sandy shore, every mist in the
dark woods, every clearing, and humming insect is holy in
the memory and experience of my people. The sap which
courses through the trees carries the memories of the red
man.
The white man's dead forgot the country of their birth
when they go to walk among the stars. Our dead never forget
this beautiful earth, for it is the mother of the red man. Weare
a part of the earth and it is a part of us. The perfumed flowers
are our sisters; the deer, the horse, the great eagle, these are
our brothers. The rocky crests, the juices in the meadows, the
body heat of the pony, and the man - all belong to the same
family.
So, when the Great Chief in Washington sends word that
he wishes to buy our land, he asks much of us. The Great
Chief sends word he will reserve us a place so that we can live
comfortably to ourselves. He will be our father and we will
be his children. So we sill consider your offer to buy our land.
But it will not be easy. For this land is sacred to us.
This shining water that moves in the streams and the
rivers is not just water but the blood of our ancestors. H we
sell you land, you must remember that is sacred, and you
must teach your children that it is sacred and that each
ghastly reflection in the clear water of the lakes tells of the
lakes tells of events and memories in the life of my people.
The water's murmur is the voice of my father's father.
The rivers are our brothers, they quench our thirst. The
rivers carry our canoes, and feed our children. H we sell you
our land, you must remember, and teach your children, that
the rivers are our brothers, and yours, and you must henceforth
give the rivers the kindness you would give any brother.
We know that the white man does not understand our
ways. One portion of land is the same to him as the next, for
he is a stranger who comes in the night and takes from the
land whatever he needs. The earth is not his brother but his
enemy, and when he has conquered it, he moves on. He
leaves his fathers' graves and children's birthright forgotten.
He treats his mother, the earth, and his brother, the sky, as
things to bought, plundered, sold like sheep or bright beads.
His appetite will devour the earth and leave behind only
desert.
I do not know. Our ways are different from your ways.
The sight of your s:ities pains the eyes of the red man. But
perhaps it is because the red man is savage and does not
understand.
There is no quiet place in the white man's cities. No place
to hear the unfurling of leaves in .spring, or the rustle of an
insect's wings. But perhaps it is because I am savage and do
not understand. The clatter only seems to inst:tlt the ears.
And what is there to life if a man cannot hear the lonely cry
of the whippoorwill or the arguments of the frogs around a
pond at night? I am a red man and do not understand. The
Indian prefers the soft sound of the wind darting over the
face of a pond, and the smell of the wind itself, cleansed. by
rain or scented with the pine cone.
The air is precious to the red man, for all things share the
same breath: the beast, the tree, the man, they all share the
same breath. The white men, they all share the same breath.
The white man does not seem to notice the air he breathes.
Like a man dying for many days, he is numb to the stench.
But if we sell your our land, you must remember that the air
is precious to us, that the air shares its spirit with all the life
it supports. The wind that gave our grandfather his first
breath also received his last sigh. And if we sell your our land
you must keep it apart and sacred, as a place where even the
white man can go and taste the wind that is sweetened by the
meadow's flowers.
So we will consider your offer to buy our land. H we
decide to accept I will make one condition. The white man
must treat the beasts of this land as his brothers.
I am savage and do not understand any other way. Ihave
seen a thousand rotting buffaloes on the prairie, left by the
white man who shot them from passing train. I am savage
and do not understand how the smoking iron horse can be
more important than the buffalo that we kill only to stay
alive.
What is man without the beasts? H all the beasts were
gone, man would die from a great loneliness of spirit. For
whatever happens to the beasts, soon happens to man. All
things are connected.
You must teach your children that the ground beneath
their feet is the ashes of our grandfathers. So that they will
respect the land, tell your children that the earth is rich with
the lives of our kin. Teach your children what we have taught
our children, that the earth is our mother. Whatever befalls
the earth befalls the sons of the earth. Man did not weave the
web of life, he is merely a strand in it. Whatever he does to
the web, he does to himself.
Even the white man, whose God walks and talks with
him as friend to friend, cannot be exempt from the common
destiny. We may be brothers after all. We shall see. One
thing we know, which the white man may one day discover
- our Godis the same God. You may think now that you own
Him as you wish to own our land; but you cannot. He is the
God of man and his compassion is equal for the red man and
the white. The earth is precious to him, and to harm the earth
is to heap contempt upon its Creator. The Whites, too, shall
pass; perhaps sooner than all other tribes. Contaminate your
bed, and you will one night suffocate in your own waste.
But in your perishing, you will shine brightly, fired by
the strength of the God who brought you to this land and for
some special purpose gave you dominion over this land and
over the red man. That destiny is a mystery to us, for we do
not understand when the buffalo are slaughtered, the wild
horses are tamed, the secret corners of the forest heavy with
the scent of many men and the view of the ripe hills blotted
out by talking wires. Where is the thicket? Gone. Where is
the eagle? Gone.@o. .",.
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Call 774 .. 4666 for reservations or info
A 1/2 mile north of the I .. 1 7/1 .. 40
Interchange
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Brain Hemispheric Functions
And The Native American
A position paper by Dr. A. Chuck Ross
Traditional Native American mode of thinking is uniquely
different from modem man. This difference has intrigued
scholars worldwide for years. Now recent brain research has
disclosed important evidence which explains how traditional
Native Americans think. It is the hope of this author
that this paper may help mankind toward a better understanding
of the Native American.
Until recently brain research was almost non-existent.
Significant breakthroughs in brain research came in the
1960's at the California Institute of Technology. Dr. Roger
Sperry isolated separate roles played by the left and right
hemispheres of the brain. The specialized manifestations of
the brain hemisphere are now well known and more manifestations
are being discovered literally on a monthly basis.
Sperry's work began as a result of epileptic seizures.
These seizures are like electrical storms in the brain. They
begin in one hemisphere and cross over to the other on a thick
band of nerve fibers (corpus callosum). A daring operation
was performed to cut these fibers and localize the seizure to
one side of the body. The results were so good that the
operation was performed on dozens of patients. At this point
some startling revelations came to light. As Sperry examined
the patients whose brain hemispheres were isolated by sev- .
ering the corpus callosum, he discovered that each hemisphere
has a separate mode of thinking, each perceiving the
world in a completely different way and communicating its
perceptions to the other side via the corpus callosum cir-
When an Eagle Feather is Dropped
The Eagle is accorded the highest respect by all
Indian tribes.
The Eagle is often depicted as representing the
Thunderbird. The Thunderbird is the messenger of
the Creator by the tribes who recognize Him as part of
their religion. Thus Eagle feathers are worn at Pow'Wows
only by Indian veterans.
When, by accident, an Eagle feather is dropped in
the arena by a dancer, the feather is immediately
danced over and protected by the veteran who sees it
first. After that dance is over, a drum (if possible a
traditional drum) is selected to sing a "Brave Man" or
veterans' song. The arena is cleared, and everyone
stands as a sign of respect as an Indian veteran who
has been wounded in combat (a Brave Man) dances to
the song, and picks up the feather at the song's
conclusion. The Brave Man, returns the Eagle feather
to its owner, and the owner gives him a gift in appreciation
of the service the Brave Man has performed for
him.
cuitry.
As a result of Sperry's experiments a picture of how the
brain divides its work has emerged.
Left Hemisphere
logic
science
analysis
mathematics
writing
details
facts
goals
order
systematic
budget
policy
objectives
planning
neatness
seriation
masculine
Right Hemisphere
creativity
spirituality
holistic
perceptive
imaginative
dance
art
music
feeling
intuition
symbols
humor
inconsistent
fantasy
poor speaker
cannot think in work
spatial
feminine
The functions of the left brain are characterized by sequence
and order while the functions of the right brain are
holistic and diffused. The left brain can put parts together
into an organized whole; the right brain instinctively sees the
whole, then the parts. Left brain thinking is the essence of
academic success as it is presently measured. Right brain
thinking is the essence of creativity.
continued
The following are right hemisphere functions which relate
to the traditional Native American mode of thinking:
Ella Deloria, Native American Historian states that traditional
Indian education was done by precept and example
(learning by discovery). Blakeslee states that creativity occurs
in the learning process when a person is allowed to learn
by discovery. Evidently, traditional Indian education is a
right hemispheric process.
Many tribes used symbols to record their history. Dr.
Boast states that the right hemisphere cannot think in words,
it only thinks in symbols.
Native American elders taught the youngsters to think
twice before they spoke or acted on anything. Blakeslee
states that thought incubation (mentally setting a problem
aside, until an answer arises) allows the right hemisphere to
function.
Traditional Native Americans taught through the use of
stories or story telling. Dr. Boast states that all learning
occurs in Alpha (brain wave patterns of the right brain) and
that Alpha exists in children when they are told stories.
Historically many tribes believed in and use dreams as a
method to guide their lives. Dr. Jung states that dreams are
a function of the unconscious mind (the right hemisphere)
and can be used as a method to guide one's life.
People acquainted with Native Americans are amazed at
their ability to laugh about serious situations. Humor, states
Blakeslee, is the right hemisphere's metaphoric ability.
Almost every school child has studied about the perceptiveness
of the traditional Native American. Volumes of
books have been written about the scouting, hunting, tracking
techniques of the Native American. Perception is a
unique ability of the right hemisphere states Dr. Boast.
Scholar after scholar has been impressed with the dominance
of the verb in Native American sentences (Native
American sentences are structured in reverse to English, and
most commonly end with a verb). The fact that the verb may
be more oriented to the object than to the subject in Native
American sentences suggests they are interested in the result
more than the cause. Dr. Sperry states that cause (a reason for
an action, logic) is a function of the left hemisphere. It
appears that Native American sentence structures allow the
right hemisphere to function.
Lexical categories of Lakota language do not differentiate
between time and space states Dr. Powers. All temporal
statements are therefore spatial (example: letan Pine Ridge
tohan hwo?) Translated into English it would read: (when is
Pine Ridge from here). Dr. Sperry states that spatiality is a
function of the right hemisphere. Obviously, the Lakota
language would allow the right hemisphere to function.
Traditional Native Americans never developed a written
language. Two reasons may be that the right hemisphere
cannot think in words, it only thinks in symbols and the fact
that when traditional people wanted knowledge all they
needed to do was to participate in a ceremony to receive
knowledge. In the field work that I have conducted in this
area, I have arrived at the decision that Native American
ceremonies allow a person to utilize his unconscious mind
(the right hemisphere). Dr. Jung states that within the
unconscious mind are latent memory traces from one' s entire
ancestral past.
Dr. Jung also stated that the Archetype of the supreme
being exists in the unconscious mind (the right hemisphere).
Traditional Native American religious ceremonies utilize
dance, artistic symbols, music, all functions of the right
hemisphere. The Native American view of the supreme
being is hoiistic (the seeing of whole things or overall patterns).
Holistic is a function of the right hemisphere. This may
be the reason why Native Americans do not have a single term
for the supreme being.
The I Ching states that within the unconscious mind (the
right hemisphere) exists the feminine principal. The Hero
archetype for Native American Religion is a female (white
buffalo calf woman -Dakota, Deer mother - Taos, corn mother
- Hopi, changing wo~ - Navajo). For the Native American
the mother or woman is first, all other things or persons follow.
The right hemisphere hasn't a good sense of time and
doesn't seem to comprehend what is meant by the term "wasting
time" as does the left hemisphere. In observing traditional
Native Americans this lack of time specific is a dominant trait.
The left hemisphere can verbalize itself much better than
the right. A person could function with only one brain
hemisphere, but a whole brain would be better.
Thomas Blakeslee equates the left brain with the conscious
mind and right brain with the unconscious mind.
These two divisions must function in a balanced and integrated
manner for wholesome human functioning to occur.
But studies subsequent to Sperry's have discovered even more
remarkable things about the two hemispheres. One is the
distinct possibility that each hemisphere is in competition
with the other each demanding that its perceptions and meth..;
ods of organizing data be considered superior. Another study
has determined that currently we are living in a left hemisphere
oriented society, and nowhere is this more emphasized
than in our schools.
This is limiting, not only to the youngsters who learn and
express themselves through right brain activities, but also to
left brain thinkers who have not developed right brain activities.
Blakeslee states that the brain should be synergetic in its
approach toward developing a whole person.
Evidence that the two hemispheres may be in competition
with each other comes from Schizophrenics. A common com��plaint
among them is that someone is stealing their thoughts.
The right hemisphere is in fact verbalizing aloud the thoughts
of the opposite hemisphere before the person has a chance to
speak or even think about it.
Native American spiritual people have developed methods
to deal with this competition of the hemispheres. Since the
spiritual side of the brain is the right side, and verbal dominant
is the left, spiritual people practice a technique which allows
both sides to exist without fear of being out of balance. This
method for balance is called the Dakota "Red Road" in Dakota
Religion. This term denotes an existence between pairs of
opposites. Almost all Native American spiritual people have
a concept which enables this psychological balance to occur.
Spiritual people pray constantly for this balance.
The isolation of the characteristics of the hemispheres are
major breakthroughs in the self-understanding of the human
race. The discovery of the mutual rivalry of the hemispheres
is perhaps the most startling discovery of all. One thing is
certain: mankind, stated Einstein, currently employs only a
fraction of the total brain potential. Scientist Jerry Levy has
said that American scientific training through graduate school
may entirely destroy the right hemispheric functions.
It has been determined that traditional Native Americans
are more dominant in right hemisphere thinking. This may be
the reasons for the psychic phenomenon and miracle healing
performed by spiritual people. Whatever the reason, educators
today are becoming increasingly concerned with the importance
of the functions of the right hemisphere.
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June 29th
, 30th
, July 1st
PowWow
Sat June 30th
Aspen Fair
C & W Music continues
11 a.m. - 6 p.m.
Clowns
Food - Watermelon
Special Appearances by Indian
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truck rental
Downtown Flagstaff
100 N. Humphreys Sl
774-2763
l
CRYSTAL
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• Cotton Clothing
• Massage Tables at Tools
• NEW AGE BOOKS AND MUSIC, CRYSTALS, MINERALS AND GEMSTONES •
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DOWNTOWN I'LA03TMI'
~ N. &In I'raIlclsco SL • (602) 779-2528
EVENTS
June 29th
, 30th
, July 1st
Indian Market
Sat June 30th
South San Francisco Street
Festivities begin at 11 a.m.
• Craft & Art Booths
• Music from 1 I til 8 p.m.
Jimmy & the Wazoo Peach Pitters
John Garza
Sonic Swamis
Something Blue
• Clown & Balloons
• Food
• SS Merchant Sidewalk Sale
• Cosmic Cycle Free Safety Check
• In-Store Specials
• EXIT Artist Cooperative presents
Beat Direction
Performance art
Sidewalk Drawns
,
FLASSTAFF WELCOMES BACK
; .TWOOLDFmENDS ''f'
'" ~. THE Pow-Wow l .
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t~ THE RESTORED
BABBITT BUILDING
THE BABBITT FOUNDATION
ODEGAARD'S
SEWING
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Fabric for shawls. Fringe by the
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Tredle Sewing Machines for sale.
2 East Santa Fe
Flagstaff, AZ 86001 (602) 774-2331
n4-7516
A Fun place to shop!
For All your Cotton needs
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POW WOW - June 29-30 - July 1
HENJOY the MOMENT"
... and then take a stroll
10112 N. LEROUX in Historic Downtown Flagstaff
1 ~. f~ II Juna 30th
£;7~1 S.San
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Street Party r r J
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Strings: 3 for II in store special
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OPEN
Mon. -Sat_
11 am - 5 pm
18 S. San francisco
fIaqstaff
774-4119
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INDIANS OF NEW MEXICO
New Mexico's Indian lands offer the _..1..I..~..l. "i..1..J . trl. i.I __I II._ _I I_' visitor opportunities for many new
discoveries - the people, mountain The Navajos are the largest lndian
scenery, fascinating ruins, and a nation in the United States, and their
dazzling array of handmade arst and reservation occupies land within
crafts depicting a rich cultural heri- three states - New Mexico, Arizona
tage. and Utah. This tribe has mrned
worldwide recognition for its fine
___I ~:tL' ~'J,:tU;~t'.~'~• •• _.II_._ handwoven blankets and ~gs and
These Indians represent an intrigu- its silver and turquoise jewelry.
ing blend of old and new. Today's Visitors may camp on the reservapueblos
have kept their unique and tion for a nominal fee, and hunting
fascinating cultures. They excel in for deer, antelope, turkey, bear and
small game is also possible.
weaving, jewelry-making, and pot- Contact the Navajo Fish and
tery-making. Arts and crafts are
available at all of New Mexico's Wildlaife Department, Window
Rock, AZ. 86515, for more informaIndian
pueblos. The best time to tion.
visit a pueblo is on a feast day, since
that is when there is the most going .-~;1II~!I"'~~iU.III. __ •• III_ on (see the Annual Calendar of In- II
dian Dances and Events in this Both the Mescalero Apaches and
the Jicari11a Apaches have reservaguide).
Photography of the feast tions within New Mexico's borders.
day dances is generally not allowed. The J icari11as hold a two-day celeOther
than on feast days, pueblos brationinmid-Septemberwithraces
generally welcome visitors during and dances to which' the public is
daylight hours - 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. or invited. The Mescalero's largest
so. There may be an admission fee ceremonial is four days long and
and/orphotofee. Contadthepueblo culminates on the Fourth of July in
governor's office for more informa- the dramatic pre-dawn Maiden's
tion. The following pueblos are Puberty rite. Both the Jicari11as and
located in New Mexico: Acoma, the Mescaleros offer fine hunting
Cochitf, Isleta, Jemez, Laguna, and fishing. Contact the tribal ofNambe,
Picuris, Sandia, San Felipe, fices for information. Jicarilla
San lldefonso, San Juan, Santa Ana, Apache Reservation: P.O. Box 313,
Santa Clara, Santo Domingo, Taos, Dulce, NM 87528. Mescalero
Tesuque, Zia and Zuni. Apache Reservation: P.O. Box 176,
Mescalero Nm 87340.
"Homeotthe
Western Lik'r"
WISTEBI POST
2 S. San Francisco
774-6521
- In Historic Downtown-
Cool off the Heat with
something Ice Cold
Choose from our selection of:
• Ice Cream
• Juices
• Waters
• Sodas
& an fucredible Selection of
hnport Beers
Wine • Liquor • Keg Beer • Snacks
Northern Pueblo Recipes
RED CIDLE STEW
1-1/2Ibs. pork or beef
5 large potatoes, cubed
3 tbsp. red chile powder'"
5 tbsp. chopped onions
6 cups of water
salt to taste
Brown onions in 1 tbsp. of
lard or oil. Brown pork or
beef with remaining
shortening. Pour in water
and let cook while
preparing potatoes. Add
potatoes, chile powder,
and salt. Cook until
potatoes are done
Serving ideas:
1) with Indian fry bread
2) with Pueblo oven baked
bread
*Chile powder is available
in mild to hot in New
Mexico.
PO SOLE
3 cups posole (hominy)
2 tsp. oregano
2 tsp. garlic powder
2 lbs. lean pork or beef,
cubed
6 cups water
salt to taste
Cook hominy in water
until kernels pop. Add
cubed pork or beef, chile
powder, chopped onions,
and seasoning
Bring to boil in covered
pot, adding water to cover
as needed, and simmer
until meat is very well
cooked.
Serving ideas:
1) with Indian fry bread
2) with Pueblo oven baked
bread
INDIAN FRY BREAD
3 cups flour
11/3 cups warm water
11/2 tsp. baking powder
1/2 tsp. salt
In a large bowl, sift or mix
flour. Add lukewarm
water and mix thoroughly
with hands. Spread a
small amount of
additional flour on hands
and pat a ball of dough
into a thin round shape.
Gently drop into a kettle or
electric frypan of sizzling
(approximately 350
degrees) lard or oil. When
brown, turn over and cook
other side until brown.
Drain off excess oil on a
paper or cloth towel. Best
when served hot.
Serving ideas:
1) with chile or posole
2) as an Indian Taco-top the
fry bread with mashed
beans, meat, chopped
onions, tomatos, chile,
lettuce, and grated
cheese.
3) as a Tewa burger-a patty
between two pieces of
fry bread and all the
fixings.
4) or as is, with honey.
PUEBLO-OVEN
BAKED BREAD
9 cups flour
2 packages of dry yeast
2 tsp. salt
2 1/2 cups warm water
5 tbsp. lard or oil
In a large bowl,
dissolve yeast in 1/2 cup
of the warm water. Stir
melted lard or oil, and salt
with the yeast and water
mixture. Then, add as
portion of the flour and
water alternately and
knead final mixture until
smooth and elastic. Place
ball of dough in large oiled
bowl and cover with a
damp cloth. Let rise for
several hours, until double
in bulk.
Punch down and
knead well. Divide into
four balls, then place in
oiled round pans. Let rise
again.
Bake for 5~60 minutes
in a 400 degree oven until
brown on top of loaf.
Traditionally, the
loaves are baked in an
outside, beehive-shaped
oven.
The Star Quilt
(Owinja)
Owinja means quilt in both lakota and Dakota
Sioux dialects. In the past century, Sioux women
have raised their star quilts to an art form much in
demand.
The morning star figures importantly in Sioux
ceremonies representing the direction from which
the spirits travel to earth, and -by extension - is link
between living and dead, symbolizing immortality.
Today, star quilts are one of the most valued
gifts of the Sioux, for "give-away" events such as
memorial feasts, naming ceremonies, celebrations,
and marriages.
The star pattern is derived from earlier buffalo
robe designs. The extermination of the buffalo
herds coincided roughly with the first mission
schools where the craft of quilting was taught.
(Missouri Breaks Industries)
3 EAST ASPEN
FLAGSTAFF, AZ
86001
(602) 774-6144
rc~ ~"~i'lll 1IIff ' i'i' 1p:11' i -'1'----- -.C_~lN !~; i j)/
~ II!i "./ I)
:/1' I~ I .
II
THE FALKNER TRIBE
DONNA-FRANK-VERLEE
~ ~~:I [Q) ~ 1~ ~
(G(Q)(lJJ ~l~W
Native American Handmade Products
TIPIS: Tipi or Teepee - from the Sioux words
meaning lIused to live in" - the name is now commonly
applied to all the portable skin and pole
homes of the Plains Indians. Once made of buffalo
hides, transported first by dog travois, later by
horse travois, they now are constructed of canvas
and carried on cars and vans. Each tribe had their
own version - differing in pole lengths, smoke flap
shape and tilt of the cone. No tipi was strictly
conical - most were oval in floor plan and tilted
toward the rear. Roomy, well ventilated and well
lit, they were cool in summer and warm in winter.
With their decorated liners and often decorated
exteriors, traditionally pitched facing East to catch
Grandfather Sun's first light, they were truly designed
to be lived in. Author Unknown
9 EAST ASPEN
FLAGSTAFF, AZ 86001
DONNA FALKNER
(602) 774-2696
PANDO~ltSBOX
.~-; . ~
For Your Gifting Pleasure
Featuring American Indian
..--,"'-..... Arts & Crafts
FLAGSTAFF
INDIAN TR·ADING
104 E. Santa Fe. Flagstaff, AZ 86001 • (602) 779-2677
WHEELER'S INDIAN TRADERS
20 East Santa Fe
Flagstaff, AZ 8600 1
Dealers in Fine Indian Art
GORDON WHEELER
GENE SHULTZ Tel. 602-779-5291
• Navajo Rugs
• Indian Pottery
• Moccasins
• Kachinas
• Curios
AUTHENTIC INDIAN JEWELRY
u.s. 66 - Across from
Santa Fe Depot
Phone: 774-6453
Open Evenings
during Summer
Flagstaff India Days Schedule
Jun 29
12:00 ................................................................................. Flagstaff Indian Market
12:30 ....................................................... . .................................... Apache Dancers
1 :00 ........................................................................... Star Eagle Nation Dancers
2:00 ......................................................................................... Red Earth Dancers
3:00 ................................................................................................. Zuni Dancers
4:00 ........................................................ , ............................ Indian Fashion Show
5:00 ........................................................ 1• ••••••••••••••••' •••••••••••••• Live Western Music
Jun 30
10:00 ................................................................................. Flagstaff Indian Market
10:30 ................................................................................................... Zuni Dancers
11:00 ............................................. ~ ....................... ~ ........ Apache Crown Dancers
11:30 .................................................................... ,. ...... Star Eagle Nation Dancers
12:00 ........................................................................................ Red Earth Dancers
1 :00 .......................... ............. ................. . .......... e •••••••••••••••• Indian Fashion Show
2:00 ............................................. Miss agstaff Indian Days Princess Contest
3:00 ....... ! •••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~ •••.••.•••••• Pow Wow Registration
4:00 .... :. .............................................................. : .............................. Dinner Break
5:00 .... ~ ............................................................. ! .. :.:--............ Pow Wow Registration
6:00 .............................................................................................. Gourd Dancing
7 :00 ......................................................................................... ~.~ ....... Grand. Entry
8:00 ........................................................ ~I •• Exhibition Dancing (All Categories)
July 1
12:00 ......................................................... f ....................... Flagstaff Indian Market
12:00 .............................................................................................. Gourd. Dancing
1 :00 ................................................................................................... Grand En.try
2:30 ............................................................................................. Contest Dancmg
4:00 ................................................................................ Special and Give Aways
6:00 .......................................... Announlcement of Miss Flagstaff Indian Days
7 :00 ....................... ~ ................................. ' ... Announcement of Contest Winners
CLEAR
REEK
LOTHING COMPANY
(602) 774-6107
6 North San Freme is(() Fhgstaff. AZ ~600 1
Closing Song
Hop on
over to!!
Morning • Glory • Cafe
Blue Corn Fry Bread • Tamales • Salads
115 S. San Francisco st.
774·3705
n!~!l . V~~
CLOTHING FOR MEN
602/773 ·9101
17 1/2 N. Leroux - Flagstaff, Az. - 86001
Authentic Indian Products
Rugs • Jewelry • Kachinas ·Pottery
Custom Manufacturing
Turquoise Rough & Polished
Your Hosts - The J.L.D.'s
Jerry L. & Judy L. Doss
112 E. Santa Fe
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
(602) 779-3070
WelCUllle ~uw WUW Visilu.-s
··Super- Summer- Ski
Spectacular-~~
Save up tu (3()%
C().-ne.- ()J San r=.-ancisc() and Aspen
lU() ~. San r=.-ancisc() • 77r;)-1r;)1~
THE BEST OF BOTH WORLDS!
That's"" • • offers
what · ..... lLSSa,~ Syou
WITH 2 CONVENIENT LOCATIONS
Sports Alley Spo~ts Center
-Name brands at discounted prices· -Quality & Service day in/day out-
In the Alley· 4081/2 E. Sante FE downtown Flagstaff • 109 N. Leroux
779-5356 774-2960
qual.i.ty \ lkwal-ot ... e\ n,
1 : peculiar and essential character
: NATURE 2 : degree of excellence
3 : high social status 4: a distinsuish.
lng attribute
print.ing \ 'print-it) \ n 1 : reproduction
in printed form 2: the art, practice,
or business of a printer 3: IMPRESSION'
5
ESTABLISHED 1986
773·0304 • 125 E. ASPEN· flAGSTAFF, ARIZONA· 8G001
Contest Tabulators
It is the job of the tabulators to acrurately record all
contests scores and to tabulate them in order that the many
winners in each category can be detennined.
Tabulators for Hire
For contest Pow Wows
Fair and Accurate Winners Guaranteed!
computerized results
call: (505)869-6513
Work: (602) 871-6079 Home: (602) 871-2205
Tabs, inc.
Bernadette Bernally, is from Window Rock Arizona, she
received her Master's degree in public administration from
UNM. Presently, she is the Deputy Director of Personnel
Management for the Navajo Nation. At the Gathering Ms.
Bernally is in charge of registration and all contest tabulations.
Evans and Karla Craig have become residents of Bosque
Farms New Mexico, their home is conveniently located from
the short drive to Sandia National Laboratories where Mr.
Craig has been employed for several years. Here at the
Gathering, Evans handles matters dealing .with computers,
and date programming. He has been involved in collecting
data throughout the history of this organization. Evans is a
technical computer wizard.
Karla, Evans' wife has a background, in date-entry, together
they make a fine team. The Craigs, have been involved
with the Gathering of Nations Pow Wos, for six years.
Gloria King is a student at UNM majoring in political
science. Gloria, will receive her B.A. this spring. Ms. Kins is
in charge of drum registration and tabulations, a job she is
highly qualified to do. Her devotion to the I drum' is real. The
King family travels long distances to participate in powwows
allover North America.
Helena Becenti is from Church Rock New Mexico, and is
the newest member of the team. Ms. Becenti is a Risk Management
Systems Analyst; her expertise will provide needed
assistance to the excellent team already a part of the Gathering
of Nations Organization.
~
I .~
~ . t
(.( 1 _ - ,),--,'t"
\ ",\l ; -., _
t ) 'I? . ->r.:
~ -
~ .11\"5 lM01~N
RETAIL ~ WHOLESALE AIlrs SINCE
1874
SANDPAINTINGS • GOD EYES. BASKETS
POTIERY. KACHINAS • STERLING. NATURAL TURQUOISE
Navajo, Hopi & Zuni Je_lry • Flndlnga & Suppllea Navajo Rug. • South_Item Glftl
CUltom Silverlmith and Rapalrl
ASK ABOUT OUR COHOmOHAL JEWELRY WARRANTY ON WORKMANSHIP AND MATERIAL
WE SHIP ANYWHERE· DOOR TO DOOR
U.P.S. PICK·UP DAILY
1526-24391
1·800·738·8314
2227 E. 7TH
FLAGSTAFF
HOURS
WINTER: MON.· SAT •
• AM·S PM
SUMMER: MON .• SAT.
IAM·6PM
Arena Director: Fara Owl
Arena Directors give direction and
order to the circle they have the most
active job of all members of the Head
Staff. We are sure your will agree after
watching them in action.
Mr. Owl is a Paiute/Quechan from
Winterhaven, California. He is a
traditional dancer and educator. He
teaches math and coaches at San Pasqual
High School. Mr. Owl is a positive role
model for the Indian youth. He believes
in balancing spiritual traditions with
modern education.
We are grateful that Mr. Owl accepted
our invitation to serve as the Arena
Director this year for Flagstaff Indian
Days.
We1comePow
Wow guests
MeGaugh~s
Newsstand
Books - ]\1agazines - Tobacco
• Rodeo News • Nava-Hopi Observer
• Pro-Rodeo • Tucson Daily
Sports News Star
• Western Horseman • San Diego Union
• Full Line General Book Store
• Specializing in Books on the Southwest
• Offer Special Ordering on Books & Tobacco
MCGAUGH's
OPEN 7 DAYS
774-2131
24 N. San Francisco
in Historic Downtown Flagstaff
Our Head Man Dancer for this year
is Damon Polk from Winterhaven,
California. Damon is a traditional
dancer and Educator, he teaches at
Pinon Middle School, Special Ed. He
has traveled throughout the United
States demonstrating his tremendous
dancing skills. We are grateful that
Mr. Polk accepted our invitation to
serve as the Head Man Dancer this
year for Flagstaff Indian Days.
Invited Drums:
Each year several drums are selected and invited
to serve as Invited Drums for the Flagstaff
Indian Days. They are selected during the
previous summer based upon their popularity
and excellent quality of Singing. We honor them
by giving them the opportunity to show case
their talents at the Gathering of Nations.
This year's Invited Drums:
Southern Drum:
Southern Medicine
Northern Drum:
Sun Eagle
Canadian Drum:
Cathedral Lake
Lita Mathews is a Northern
Traditional Buckskin Dancer. She
lives in Albuquerque, New Mexico
with her family.
Each year Lita and her family travel
more than 40,000 miles, throughout
the United States and Canada, to
attend Pow Wows.
Lita is a champion dancer. she has
served as Head Lady Dancer for
many Pow-Wows. She is a graduate
student at the University of New
Mexico, where she is working on a
master's degree in multi-cultural
education.
All DrunlS Welcome
The Northern Rrizona Uniuerslty College of Engineering and Technology's Dean, Dr. Clyde Holland would
like to welcome you to the 1990 Flagstaff Pow Wow. The college would like to take this time to
briefly describe the programs it offers:
Computer Science and Engineering ~ ~
Computer Science and Engineering emphasizes
Electrical Engineering is concerned with the production,
computer languages, programing and the math-transmission,
and utilization of electrical energy and with
metics of computing. Computer Science and En-the
communication storage, and manipulation of information
~~~~g ~ fr~uently ~ig~nie~d~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ engineering and focused r.
computer design.
C~ivviln En~ggin~eeerineg ris~ ga proJ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~=t the most general of all
people to be problem solve al engineering deals with
orientated profession. Students earn to app y energy mechanics and aerody.namics,
latest in technology and computer software design and mechanical systems, material
to build facilities that serve our nation. properties and instrumentation. Mechanical engineers are
broadly educated in basic and engineering science.
The College of Engineering and Technology also offers Technology Degrees in all the areas mentioned
aboue. For more information call (602)523- 5251.
Cooperative Education
The College of Engineering and Technology, in an attempt to give its students practical, hands on experience in
technology and engineering, offers various co-op positions to students who want to work. The arrangements for
cooperative education are made by Jane Gray. She has placed engineering and technology students at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Intel in Phoenix and various other organizations and businesses. For more
information call Jane Gray at (602)523-5251 or (602)523-5850.
Project NASA
In 1989 NASAl Jet Propulsion Laboratory granted NAU's College of Engineering and Technology a grant to fund 20
Native American students pursuing engineering degrees. The funding lasts for five years and covers all educational
expenses: tuition, books, lab fees, meals and housing. The criteria used to select these students is that they must
have a 3.00 GPA coming out of High School and must maintain that grade point average while in college. The students
are also required to be registered with a Native American Tribe. In addition to the funds for school, the Project NASA
students are given summer co-op positions at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena. If you'd like more
information about Project NASA call Mary Chris Martin, Project Director or Ingrid Estell, Administrative Assistant at
(602)523-2110.
Financial Aid
Financial Aid is available for students through a number of private and public sources. PeB Grants,
Plus Loans, Navaho Nation Scholarships, Toodeni Scholarships, Digital Scholarships, Lawrence
Livermore Corporation Scholarships and Intel , Scholarships are but a few of the financial aid
opportunities open for deserving students.
If you like science and math and think you are interested in pursuing a degree in engineering or technology, we want
to hear from you! Engineering and Technology degrees will not only benefit you, they will also benefit those around
you: your family, friends, community and world. Give us a call and start the process to obtaining a career full of
opportunity. NAU College of Engineering and Technology (602)523-5251.
Four Winds
Traders, Inc.
CAUSER ENTERPRISES
An Old-Time Trading Post
carrying old pawn, guns,
pottery, rugs, Kachinas, and
baskets. We also feature
supplies and findings for
silversmiths and tools for
Kachina carvers, as well as
Native American Music.
118 West Santa Fe
Flagstaff, Arizona 86001
(602) 774-1067
(602) 774-2720
18 SOUTH BEAVER STREET • 774-8301
Serving breakfast and lunch
seven days a week since 1976!
OMELETS • PANCAKES
PASTRIES • QUICHE
ESPRESSO • CAPPUCCINO
THE KIOWA GOURD DANCE CEREMONIAL
By: John Emhoolah, Jr. (Kiowa)
Member of the Kiowa Gourd Dance Clan
The following article was written by special permission from Mr. Tall
Hainta, President of the lGawa Gourd Dance Clan of Carnegie, Oklahoma.
Historical Background
Once, the most feared and hated by the Whiteman of all the
Plains Indian Tribes, the Kiowa Tribe of Indians today are highly
respected citizens of this country. The Kiowas have their own story
to tell about their evolution and transition from mountain dwellers
of the Upper Yellowstone area to nomadic Plains Indians.
The Kiowas moved eastward from the Yellowstone Area into
present-day North Dakota near Stanton, and on into the Devils Lake
area Elder Kiowas talk about large camps along the Missouri River
in portions ofN orth Dakota. It was the southwestern area of North
Dakota where the great chiefs of the various tribes including the
Kiowas went in different directions after an argument over the
choice part of an animal (buffalo or antelope). It is said by my
people, the Kiowa, that these tribes included the Crow Indians, the
Mandan, the Hidatsa, Arikara and Kiowa-Apache.
The Kiowas traveled southward in the early 1700's and settled
in the Black Hills of South Dakota. In the early 1700' s the Kiowas
captured horsed from Spanish settlers which later became integrated
into the Plains Indian culture. The Kiowas were drawn ever
southward from their native Yellowstone area by the availability of
horses to be captured or traded for from settlers in Texas and
Mexico.
The Kiowas became so fierce in waging warfare against other
tribes, the Whiteman, and Spaniards that by 1790, the Kiowas
assumed a position of dominance on the Southern Plains. By 1840,
the Kiowas along with their allies, the Comanches, th~ Cheyenne
and Arapahoes, represented a major threat to westward expansion
by settlers, traders, and the U.S. military onto the Southern Plains
area.'
The Kiowa, by Mildred P. Mayhall, second edition, University
of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma, 1971.
Background - Tdien-Pei-Gah: The Kiowa Gourd Dance dan
It is said by many Kiowa elders that the T dien-Pei-Au-Gah (Red
Skunkberry) of the Kiowa Gourd Dance Clan was brought to the
tribe by a Kiowa warrior in Western Montana prior to 1700. The
origin of this Tdlen-Pei-Gah (Kiowa Gourd Dance Clan Society) is
obscured by the passage of time but it is suspected that this society
was formed somewhere in Western Montana. When the red skunk
berries were in full bloom, preparation for this event began with
Kiowa leaders observing an old legend. The Kiowa Gourd Dance
has an association with the Ten Grandmothers (medicine bundles),
a religion of the Kiowas. In earlier times the Kiowa Gourd Dance
was performed prior to or in conjunction with the annual Sun
Dance.
Old Kiowa people say that after the snows of the winter season,
there will be a first thunder. This sound shakes the earth and
awakens the plants, insects, and animals from their long winter
sleep. This first thunder signifies the coming of spring and also tells
the Tdien-Pei-Gah, or Kiowa Gourd Clan Society leaders that it is
time to prepare for the summer annual ceremonials. A pilgrimage
is made by the leaders and prayers are offered to the Great Spirit of
the Father in Heaven, thanking him for guiding the Kiowas through
the year and also thanking him for another safe and plentiful year
for the Kiowa tribe and the Kiowa Gourd Dance Clan Society.
continued
After the prayers are said in the early spring, the members of the
Kiowa Gourd Dance Clan Society prepare for the summer ceremonials.
In older times, members of the society were made up of men
who were warriors, fighters, hard riders and camp police. Selection
for membership was made from affluent and respected families.
Today, members are selected from outstanding Kiowa Indian men.
Appointment for lifetime leadership was made by the wise elders,
priests and keepers of the sacred religion of the Kiowas. The
leadership continues until voluntary retirement, or death, or nonperformance
of duties.
When the annual sun dance religion was banned in 1892..by the
Federal government, the Kiowa societies still continued having
their annual summer dances including the gourd dance society.
Some early kiowa leaders are: Chief Red Tepee and his son
Satanta; Little Bow, Kiowa Bill Maunkee, Lone Bear, White Fox and
others. Today, the present leaders are Mr. Taft Hainta, President;
Oscar Tsoodle, Vice President; Glenn Hamilton, secretary; and
Walter P. Kaulaity, Treasurer. The Tdien-Pei-Gah formally organizedonJanuary30,
1957atthehomeofMr. Taft Haintaand formally
adopted the name the Kiowa Gourd Dance Clan which today is
well-known throughout Indian country.
The Kiowa legend relates the story of the Kiowa Gourd Dance
Clan as follows: "A Kiowa warrior who was traveling across the
plains had become separated from his war party. He had traveled
without pausing to rest to rejoin his people at their summer encampment.
Suddenly, he heard a strong clear voice singing a
beautiful song. He moved toward the sound and as he topped a
knoll, he saw a beautiful red wolf at the bottom of a grassy ravine.
The wolf held in his right paw, a gourd that he shook with a
rhythmic movement as his body moved up and down in tempo with
the beautiful songs that came from his long, lean throat.
The Kiowa warrior listened throughout the night and as dawn
spread out into another day, the wolf looked up at the Kiowa and
said, '1 have given you a new dance with many beautiful songs.
This is a gift for you to take to your people. These songs and this
dance will remain with the Kiowas for as long as they protect and
cherish their Kiowa ways. Tell your people to be proud when they
enter the dance arena and to be sure that the children listen, for this
is how the music will live. Go your way now and teach the Kiowas
what I have given you."
The Kiowa warrior resumed his journey and by mid-day he
reached the Kiowa encampment. After he had eaten and drank his
fill, he proceeded to relate to the people his experience with the red
wolf. The Kiowa people listened and they accepted the Gourd
Dance with its beautiful songs. To show their appreciation to the
red wolf, the Kiowas remembered to end each song with a wolf cry,
and a special shake of their gourds. And so it is to this day .... "
Since then, the T dien-Pei-Gah songs have been handed down
from generation to generation which is the way this music has lived.
Each Kiowa singer carries a special mark of distinction for not every
tribal member possesses the talent or ability to sit at the drum. Not
only must the Kiowa singers have talent to start and sing the songs,
but they must also possess the ability to remember particular family
songs. The singers are called upon at every celebration to sing
"special family songs" when an individual or a family is being
honored.
Today, in this age of mobility, the gourd dance has spread across
Indian country and many tribes have formed gourd dance clubs or
clans. The popularity of this dance can be observed at Indian
gatherings. Though each tribe has their own singers who try to sing
the gourd dance songs, you will not have enjoyed the full measure
of beauty contained in these melodies until you have heard the
Kiowas sing their own Tdien-Pei-Gah songs.
There are several other gourd dance clans that have branched
off from the original Kiowa Gourd Dance Clan and the dance itself
has spread to the other tribes throughout the United States, however,
it is only the Kiowas that look upon these songs and dances
with a deep and abiding respect, because the songs represent who
we are, our heritage.
Pub & Restaurant
23 N. Leroux
Flagstaff, Ari&J_.J"~
Located in the
Historic
HOTEL
WEATHERFORD
Great History, Food
& Entertainment=
Great Time
779-1919
10th Annual
FESTIVAL OF NATIVE AMERICAN ARTS
June 22-August 5, 1990
Join us in celebrating our 10th AnnuaJ Festival. A six week
event with Native American Craft demonstrations, workshops,
performances and an on going Native American Art
Exhibition.
Highlighted events
June 22 -7pm
Artists' & Public Reception
June 30 - July 1. 10-5 daily
Outdoor Indian Market
July 21- 6pm
Native American Banquet
8pm
Festival Art Auction
July 28-29. 10-5 daily
Pueblo Plaza Outdoor Indian Market
2717 N. Steves Blvd. Flagstaff
Center hours 9-5.daily
For more information: 779-6921
Coconino Center for the Arts
2300 N. Fort Valley Rd., Flagstaff
PETER PIPER
P12lA.
501118 places
dage for piZm
1550 S. Riordan Ranch Rd.
779-5113
youtId*1k
it was cavicr.
Something's fishy if you're
paying high prices for pizza.
At Peter Piper Pizza, we offer you
good pizza at low, low prices.
Just $4.79 for a large cheese pizza,
$5.89 for a large single item pizza.
And we use only 100% mozzarella
cheese, dough made fresh daily &
sauce rich with California tomatoes.
3510 E. Santa Fe Ave.
526-6696
ONE CALORIE
DIET- PEPSI
=~
s\-co\a Bottli"9
,e~ of CO.
Flagstaff, Arizona
Welcomes All To The 1990
Flagstaff All Indian Pow-Wow
Enjoy The Traditions of the Past
And The Excitement of the 90's1
Pepsi-Cola Bottling Co of Flagstaff
4980 Railhead Ave • 526-0653
The Old Time Dance Contest
by: Ben Black Bear as told to Dr. A. Chuck Ross
The information in this article is based largely
on the knowledge of Ben Black Bear Sr. an elder of
Sicange -Lakota Tribe. Ben resides at Ironwood on
the Rosebud Reservation in South Dakota. In
addition to Ben's knowledge I have incorporated
some of my own research, :which will be indicated
by an asterisk.
I, Ben Black Bear, have danced all my life. I also
know and can sing the songs. As far back as I can
remember, dance contests started on Rosebud
Reservation in the early 1930' s. Several communities
on the reservation had dance halls. The people
would gather there for the dances. In these early
times all the people in the audience were the judges
of the contests. Only three places were awarded to
the dancers. The winner would get three dollars,
second would get two dollars, and third would get
one dollar. There was no registration for the dance
contests, and the dancers did not have numbers.
When it came time for the contest to start, all who
thought they had a chance would come out to the
center. The people judged you on your dance
outfit and dance style. Some men had two back
bustles, others had only one. Some men wore arm
bustles. The great big fancy feathered bustles did
not come to Rosebud until the 1960's. We danced
two contest songs, one slow and one fast. All songs
were Omaha songs. At this time (1930's) there
were women traditional dancers only. Fancyshawl
dancing didn't start until after World War II. And
contests for them (women) didn't start until the
1950's.
Ben stated that he won first place about eight
times. Many of these were on the Rosebud Reservation.
In 1957 he took first at Rosebud fair and
won 15 dollars. Ben stated during those times
dancers were judged on your Akisa (shout) and
use of your whistle. He said his Akisa helped him
win a couple of times.
*Ben's statements about dance contests being a
late arrival to Rosebud Reservation confirm the
research I have done on this subject. Dance contests
among Archaic Native Americans was restricted
to group or team contests. Several reasons
for is evident. First; to keep the ego in balance
and second is the fact that all dances had a purpose
(either religious or social).
Originally each society had certain dances they
would execute during their society meetings. Some
of the dances from these societies became war
dances during the war years. Today some tribes
continue to call their dances war dances, while
others call them inter-tribal dances. Whatever the
dances are called today, they are still a reflection of
the old time society dances which existed before ,
the war years.
We thank Ben Black Bear Sr. for sharing his
knowledge and experience of the dance contest.
Getting better
every day.
Historic Downtown Flagstaff has continued
to build on the rich traditions and heritage that
Thomas McMillan, our flrst settler, set in the
mid-1800s. Today, unique shops, stores, restaurants
and businesses carry on that historical
downtown legacy.
Come see a new and continually growing part
of southwestern history. Come see Historic
Downtown Flagstaff.
MAIN STREET
602/774-1330
FLAGSTAFF
FOUNDATION
P.o. Box 1882
Flagstaff, AZ 86002
SERVICE TO THE
PltOFESSIONAL AND
THE AMATEUR
HEW & USED EQUIPMENT
REPAIRS & FILM PROCESSING
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• UPS WE CATER YOUR • PAX
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Budgfll
car and
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Downtown FlagstaU
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774-2763
.other locations:
Grand Canyon, Page, & Sedona
[!] flat2staff Indian Days
PowWow and
Indian Market
00 Aspen fair
Saturday •• a.m.
00 South San Francisco
Street fair
Saturday • p.m.
CWe invile you to visit 3lagstaffs
rrwst unique shops, three in one.
ee ou
at · asta
n ian a s
1991
June . 28,29,30
1991
Layout & Design
by Ken Lockwood
for Main Street Foundation
Keepin~ Traditions Alive
Today's warrior continues to participate in the powerful rites of a
treasured culture. Balancing spiritual tradtions
with modern living.
"The Best of Both Worlds."
"Keeping Tradtions Alive."
