1956 Flagstaff All-Indian Powwow Program

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FLAGSTAFF :: ARIZONA
* COLORFUL
CEREMO IALS
* ALL-I DIAN
RODEO
* DAILY STREET
PARADES
* GREAT INDIAN
ENCAMPMENT
Flagstaff Pubic Ubrar,
Flagstaff. Arizona
SOUVENIR
MAGAZINE
35c
Ten Little Indians
all agree
that Reddy Knowatt~s
a ·BusyBee~
You will never find a busier bee than Reddy
Kilowatt. He darts about from morning Itil night
performing countless services. He cooks your
meals, does your laundry and other housework.
He is always ready to entertain you with radio,
television or movies. At the same time, Reddy sup­plies
power for industry and helps produce more
things for better living. He is always on hand, day
and night, with efficient, low-cost electric power _
for farm, home and industry.
~
The Hopi Indians have for many centuries lived in the vast reaches of northern Arizona. Pot shards and other
relics left by them can be found literally all over the sou thwest including the areas shown in the previous color
pages. They are fa vored performers at the Pow-Wow. Shown here are two Hopi dancers garbed in authentic tri­bal
regalia.
-3-
• •
WHAT IS THE POW -WOW?
The Pow-Wow is a great Indian celebration staged each year at the Flagstaff Pow-Wow grounds in
the city park at the foot of the San Francisco peaks, surrounded by the largest Ponderosa pine forest in
the United States_
The Pow-Wow features daily street parades, afternoon rodeos and night ceremonial programs.
Only Indians are permitted to participate in the big show, but white spectators are welcome.
WHERE DO WE GET TICKETS?
Tickets for all six Pow-Wow performances have been on sale s ince early June at the office of the
Chamber of Commerce, 101 W. Santa Fe, just west of the Railroad depot.
Beginning July 1, at 9 A.M., tickets are on sale only at the ticket office in the grandstand at the
Pow -Wow grounds.
Prices are: Reserved seats for rodeo and ceremonial performances, $3 each; boxes, $5 per person;
$30 for a complete box with six seats. Bleacher tickets, $2; children, $1.
WHERE DO WE GET INFORMATION?
The general office of the Pow-Wow organization is maintained at the grandstand. The executive
department is divided into sections, with a Pow-Wow board director at the head of each section. When
you have a specific qwestion or request, go to the office, where you will be directed to the proper offi­cial.
You may also secure information concerning the Pow-Wow at the Chamber of Commerce office.
PHOTOGRAPHS
During the parades which are held each day atnoon through the downtown streets of the city, you
may shoot any picture you desire. During the rodeos you can shoot your pictures from the grandstand,
but you will not be permitted to enter the arena unless you have made special arrangements with the
Pow -Wow board.
(Continued On Next Page)
Many Navajo Indians still use the wagons of a by-gone day for transportation. They add much color and interest
to the Pow-Wow parade, as shown here. The Pow-Wow management assists by providing baled hay, water­melons
and other inducements to those coming by wagon.
-4-
President Eisenhower admires a beautiful leather in vitation to attend the Pow-Wow. It was taken to him by Ho­ward
Pyle of Arizona, one of his assistants in the White House, who for many years served as announcer at the
Pow-Wow, shown here with the President.
IN FO-RMA TI ON-
(Continued from Page 4)
GENERAL INFORMATION ...
A non-profit organization of Flagstaff business­men,
"Pow-Wow, Inc.," handles the countless details
which go into preparation of the blg three-day cele­bration.
These men devote many weeks each year to
carrying on this work, which results in the fast-mov­ing,
exciting, colorful events making up the big show.
They work entirely without pay.
INDIAN CAMP
One of the most interesting features of the Pow­Wow
is the huge Indian camp in the pine forest sur-
-5-
rounding the Pow-Wow grounds. You will enjoy walk­ing
through the camp, but before you take any pic­tures,
be sure and secure permission from the Indians.
If you treat them with proper respect and friendliness,
you'll finn they quickly respond.
WHO STAGES IT?
More than 10,000 Indians representing a score or
more of southwestern and western tribes swarm to
Flagstaff early in July to put on the great tribal get­together,
the Southwest All-Indian Pow-Wow.
Who Are Members of the Pow-Wow Committee?
The men who work for months each year to stage
the Pow-Wow represent a wide variety of business, pro­(
Continued on Page 32)
The Sioux are famous for their magnificent) elaborate bead work) as witness the vest worn by this aged warrior)
one of the performers at the Pow-Wow. The Sioux were hunters and warriors) and their ceremonials express
spirit of such a life.
-6-
Hoop Dancers are favored performers at the Southwest ~All-Indian Pow-Wow. Some develop amazing skill, and
handle with great dexterity as many as eight hoops at one time . The best Hoop Dancers in the world of I ndians
appear at Flagstaff.
-7-
Arizona's 75,000. Tribesmen • • •
By RALPH O. BROWN
ArizO'na. with the largest reservatiO'n In­dian
population of any state in the Union, is to­day's
greatest frontier of opportunity for these
o:riginal Americans.
The name "Indian" is only very generally
descriptive of the redskinned citizens nO'w knock­ing
at the door of Amrerica's modern way of life.
Linguistically and culturally, tribe to' tribe, In­dians
may differ one from another as much as an
Egyptian from a 'Turk.
In Arizona's now self-governed reservation
Indian pO'pulation of some 75,000 are represented
14 tribal group of mostly distinct blood lines, 12
mutually unintelligible linguistic cla sifications,
and four basically separate cult ures.
Of the 14 languages spoken, the Apache and
the Navajo, and thel Pima and the Papago, dif­fering
dialectically, are sufficiently alike for mu­tual
interchange.
The general cultures are: 1. Pueblo - repre­sented
by the Hopi. 2. Athabascan - the Apwche
and the NavajO'. 3. Rancheria - the Mohave,
MaricO'pa, Cocopah, Quechan (Yuma), Pima, Pa­pago
and Chemehue'vi. 4. Plateau Rancheria -
the Yavapai, Hualapai, H,avasupai and Paiute.
These Indians dwell on 19 reservations, com­prising
17 self-governing oommunities, operat­ing
under supervision and service aid of the
United States Bureau of Indian Affairs.
A 15th Indian group in the state, identifi­able
as a tribal entity, is the Yaqui. These Indians,
This young Navajo Indian m other and child are among thousands of Indians of many tribes who camp in the
forest near the Pow-Wow grounds for most of the wee k during the celebration . Indian kids are like kids any­where,
and Indian mothers are like mothers everywhere.
- 8-
This young fellow receives his cash prize in one of the several contests staged during the Pow-Wow. Indians, like
parents everywhere, take great pride in their children. This little brave is dressed in the very finest outfit his
parents could afford.
although allied cultu'rally to the Pima and the
Papago, are not under jurisdiction of the U. S.
Indian Service. They entered Arizona in the
ear ly decades of this century from the Yaqui
Valley of Sonora, in then revolution-rocked Mex­ino.
They sought and were granted pDlitical asy­lum,
with gift of a plO't of land at Guadalupe, near
Phoenix, which became the site of their main vil­lage.
Grouped chiefly a1'ound Phoenix and Tucson,
they have no claim on the United States govern­ment.
Two 'Of Arizona's Indian peoples, nO'w gr'Oup­ed
as tribal units and funcltioning ,as such, or­iginally
were not tribes in a political sense. Both
the Apache and the Navajo, bef'Ore and for some
time after the coming 'Of the white man, operated
in autonomous bands, leadership of which was
attained by personal ability and prestige, with
nO' over-all tribal authority being recognized, al­though
the bands were tied by blood.
-9-
Now the Apaches occupy tw'O main reserva­tions
cO'mprising twO' self-governed communities,
the White M'Ountain and Cibecue groups chiefly
at Fort Apache, southeast 'Of Winslow, and the
San Carlos, Chiricahua and TontO' groups at San
CarlO's, east O'f Globe. A few Tonto Apaches are
on the Ft. M<>Dow'ell and Camp Verde reserva­tions.
The F'Ort Apache and San Carl'Os reser­vatiO'ns
are adj acent, n'Orth and sO'uth.
The vast NavajO' reservatiO'n, largest in the
United States, occupies Arizona's northeast c()r­ner,
exteNding a bit intO' both N,ew MexicO' and
Utah. The NavajO' tribal capital is at Window
Rock, near the New Mexico boundary.
Centering and entirely surrounded by the
Navajo is the Hopi reservation, headquarters 'Of
which is at Keams Canyon.
The Papago t1'ibe, second only to' the Nava­jo
in population, occupies four reservatiO'ns. The
(Continued on Page 31)
Indians Are Just People • • •
By JOY MILLER
To the romanticist, he is a p~oud and noble
redman-the hero of Hollywood westerns.
To the r,ynic, he is dirty, lazy and drunken­a
drain on the U. S. treasury.
What is the American Indian really like?
You can't define him with any more success
than you can the typical American non-Indian.
He is an individual, within a common mold of
ancient tradition, persecutiDn and modern stress.
There are certain 'Characteristici traits: Gen­erosity,
humDr, courtesy, lack of initiative and
competitive spirit (except perhaps in tribal pol­itirs),
a feeling of inferiority around white m·en,
a memory of broken treaties and inhuman treat­ment
which resolves its·elf into a patient expec­tation
of the wDrst. But these vary with the in­dividual
Indian, depending on his cultural heri­tage,
his tribe, where he lives, how he makes a
living, whether he's full blood or mixed blood.
You may find him in town. Estimates ,say
one-fourth to' one-third now are city dwellers.
You may find him in one .of 435 reservations
and Indian cDmmunities in the United States.
He could be a Chippewa, living in a tarpaper
shack in Minnesota. Or a Menominee in Wiscon­sin
working in the tribally Dwned sawmill and
living in a new frame house, watching television
every night.
H·e may be a Seminole keeping to the old
custDms in the Florida Everglades. Or Cherokee
in the eastern Oklahoma hills near here, going
to' a Medieine Man when he's sick and keeping
his 'Children out of school because they have no
clDthes.
Or n.ot far northwest of here, he might be a
well-tD-do Osage living a IDt like the J oneses Dff
oil riches.
It's this very diversity that makes the Indian
problem possibly the most complex, misunderstood
and controversial situation eDnfronting the Amer­iran
people today in their own backyard.
Millions are spent every year Dn Indian af­fairs-
in 1953, for exam/pIe, a record 87 million.
More than 4,500 laws and treaties gov,erning In­dians
are on the bODks.
But today the Indian problem, which has
existed since the government decided more than
a century ago that it was 'che'aper to buy off the
Indian than kill him off, is still one .of poverty­abys,
mal poverty on reservations in the north
central and southwestern states-and lack Df
eeDnomic opportunity. Along with these go pro>­blems
of health, education and soeial aC0eptance.
Even the most prosperous reservations,
those the gove'rnment is cutting loose from fur­ther
help, have a standard of living lower than
that .of rlOmparab1e white communities.
N. B. Johnson, fullblood Cherokee and Chief
Justice of the Supreme C.ourt of Oklahoma, says.:
I'With all its resources, in 135 years the· gov·e-rn-ment
has been unable to solve the Indian prob­lem.
It is one of our most pressing social prob­lems
and the situation is far from bright."
Glenn L. Emmons, a Gallup, N. M., banker
who became Commissioner of Indian Affairs 2112
years ago, goes e·ven further: "The whole Indian
problem is an emergency."
In a 1955 repDrt that revealed shock on the
part of senators at what they learned on reser­vations
in the Dakotas and Southwest, a senate
subcommittee to investigate juvenile delinquency
pointed Dut:
The average family inCDme of the Sioux on
the Standing Rock reservation in North Dakota
is $,767; for the ,NavajO's of Arizona, it ranges
from $730 to $855.
By c,omparison, the national average in 1953
was $5,372.
As many as 15 peDple live in one rODm cabins
on the Turtle Mountain reservation in North Da­kota.
PDtatoes and an inferior grade of flour
make up the family meal in some homes.
Papago children in southern Arizona have
a life ,expectancy Df 17 years compared to' 69 for
the general U. S. pDpulation. The tribe's hospi­tal
was destroyed by fire in 1947 and has not been
repla0ed.
The subcommittee summed up: "The major
r!ontributing factors to delinquency amDng In­dian
children are poverty and poor living condi­tions;
lack of effective law and order; disorgan­ized
and broken family life; poor educatiDn pro­grams
and the difficulties that come with making
a transitiO'n from an old to a new culture."
After the hearings Sen. William Langer told
the Senate that sincle congress would appropriate
3112 billiDn dollars that ye1ar to take care Df peo>­ple
outside the United States the least it c,ould
do was appropriate 200 million to help raise the
Indian's standard of living. Nothing 'Came of his
suggestiDn.
There are· bright spots, however. The Publie
Health Service has taken over the ,entire health
program from the Bureau of Indian Affairs­and
with a larger apprDpriation frO'm Congress.
Things also are improving in the field of ed­ucation
. .. MDre and more Indian children are get­ting
r,ollege educations through scholarship funds
set up by fDundatiDns, church groups, the goverrn­ment
and the tribes themselves.
Emmons points with pride to the fact that
there are now more than 24,000 NavajO' children
in school-as a result of the CDngress-apprDved
Navajo-Hopi rehabilitation program-cDmpared
to 14,000 when he took Dffice. "A desk fDr every
Navajo child is our aim," he says. ,
But the fact that many tribes are beginning
to' take the initiative in helping themselves is
perhaps one of the brightest spots in the entire
picture.
(Continued on Page 15)
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Paul] ones, chairman of the Navajo tribal council (cen ter), takes the oath of office. At right is Sam Ahkeah,
his predecessor in the highest Navajo post. The Navajo tribal council is extremely active and does an outstand­ing
job of running the affairs of America's largest Indian tribe.
This little miss watches with some apprehension as a U.S. Public Health Service medic gives her an
at one of the many day schools in the Indian country. Most Indians have accepted the white man's
vice, only a few standing by the old medicine man treatments.
-11-
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-12-
Navajos are the largest American Indian tribe. They throng by the thousands to Flagstaff for the big Pow-Wow
each July. Shown here are some Navajo men having fu n7 garbed for the Fire Dance which usually is staged as
one of the final numbers of the ceremonial programs.
-13-
One of the most thrilling of all native American Indian ceremonials is the Apache Devil or Crown dance.
Shown here is a glimpse of this spine-chilling ritual. The Devil dance is featured at the Pow-Wow year after
year by popular request. These Apaches shown here are from the San Carlos reservation of .Arizona.
J3est in the Southwest
La Fonda lIotel, Santa Fe, New Mexico
Alvarado Hotel, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Kachina Room, Albuquerque Airport, N.M.
EI Navajo Hotel, Gallup, New Mexico
Painted D~sert Inn, Petrified Forest, Ariz.
La P~sada Hotel, Winslow, Arizona
-14-
EI Tovar Hotel, Grand Canyon, Arizona
Bright Angel Lodge, Grand Canyon, Ariz.
Auto Cabins, Grand Canyon, Arizona
Furnace Creek Inn, Death Valley, Calif.
Furnace Creek Ranch, Death Valley, Cali£.
Amargosa Hotel, Death Valley Junction, Cal,
\..
INDIANS-
(Continued from Page 10)
Navajos, whose plight was so critical a few
years ago that drives for food and clothing were
conducted in many cities, still 'al'e not well off.
Bu~ from revenues from timber operations, roy­altIes
on vanadium and uranium, oil and gas
$300,000 in tribal revenues has been allotted t~
work with surrounding communities in efforts
to attrac,t industry into the 25,000-mile reserva­tion,
which also extends into New Mexico -and
Utah.
The Southern Ute and Ute mountain tribes
with income from oil and gas leases are oonduct~
ing rehabilitation programs that include home
construction and farm development.
A few other tribes are talking about similar
Nayajo-Hopi
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Flagstaff, Arizona
and Twin Arrows Trading Post - E. of Flagstaff
long range projects, but most lack the necessary
developed resources on their l'eservations to pro­vide
enough tribal funds to do the job.
Although influenza, tuberculosis and infant
-mortality rates are still higher among Indians
than among whites, the Indian population is in­c'reasing.
When Columbus made a mistake we're still
stuck with and called the local inhabitants- In­dians,
because he thought he had landed in the
East Indies, there were around a million of them
in what is now the United States. In 1900, the
ra0e stood at 270,500. and seemed on the way to
extinction. 'Today there are 450,000. on tribal
rolls, but Chief Justice Johnson says there are
moOre than that in Oklahoma alone.
(Continued on Page 20)
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-15-
First Settlers Came In 2000 B. C.
By JOHN F. TURNEY
(Mr. Turney is an archeologist with the
National Park Service, U. S. Department of
the Interior)
Do you know tl}.at the great Chicago Fire
occurred on October 8 in 1871 and because of
prolonged drought and high winds, redurled most
of the city to ruins, drove 100,000 peopl,e to the
shelterless prairies and destroyed between 2'00
and 300 lives?
And do you know the San Francisco Earth­quake
of April 18, 1906 started fires which burn­ed
for three days, snuffed out 500 lives and re­leased
energy from the movement that was 100,-
000 times greater than energy from the 1945
atDmic bDmb 'Over Hiroshima?
Or do you know of the "Dust Bowl" of the
1930's that affected part or most of the states of
Kansas, Nebraska, Colo,rado, New IMexico, Okla­homa
and Texas? And do you know ·of the rush
for land in Oklahoma called the "Cherokee Strip?"
Undoubtedly you do know of the California "Gold
Rush" and the movement of pioneers westward
to settle new and promising land .
And do you know that Flagstaff has a pop­ulation
of around 12,000 people, and was founded
in 1882?
These .are facts that you may have read or
heal'd about at least recently, but did you kno1w
that the Flagstaff area has been occupied almost
constantly fDr at least the past 4,000 years or
more? And that the population was at one time
possibly much greater than the present popula­tion
of Flaglstaff, although more scatter,ed? Or
did you know that this area experienced a land
rush probably larger than the Chel'okee Strip, or
California gold rush, although not as sudden o'r
as violent? (It was probably more comparable to
the westward movement, although it did not
cover as many miles, and journey was entirely
)n foot without the aid of beasts of burden.) And
that some of the ancient inhabitants of this same
area went through many expe'rienres that were
just as terrifying, heartbreakin,g or depressing
to' them as the Chicago fire, San Francisco earth­quake
or Dust Bowl was to the people involved
in them?
This area has belen oClcupied from very early
times as evidence of early man has been found in
the Dry Creek area of the Verde Valley south of
Flagstaff, dating around 2000 B. C. There has
also been early man evidence in the proximity
of Flagstaff and also eastward on the plateau
near St. Johns. Arizona, as well as other loca­tions,
but very little is known of thesel pre-Chris­tian
era people. They evidently hunted game
animals and gathered wild foods for a Uvelihood.
After seeing S outhwestern Indians at the Pow-Wow, y ou will want to see the picturesque homes their ances to~s
built 1000 years ago in the cliff fa stnesses of Arizona. T he accompanying article tells a lot about these scemc
wonders and more information is available from the Chamber of Commerce.
-16-
Betatakin ruin in Navajo National M onument north of F lagstatf is one of the most interesting of the many hun­dre
ds of ancient ruins spotted over the South west. I t was built by the prehistoric ancestors of today's Hopi
Indians . The ruin is protected by the National Park S e rvice.
For example, Flagstaff and vicinity has an an­nual
precipitation of 22 inches: even s.o, it is
known that precipitation has fluctuated in past
centuries.
During the period of time between 500 to
700 A. D., the population was very spar'se and
evidences of occupation were found centralized
in only a very few spots. 'The climate was pro.ba­bly
rather dry and also warm with a lack of rain­fall,
and the people depended on rare s'ee'P
springs and natural reservoirs for drinking
water. The run-off was probably rapid. So.me
lived along the Little Co.lorado River, others near
the mountains where snow and summer rains
made limited farming possible. TwO' small ('~n��tralized
g'roups of PueblO' (Spanish f.o.r villag1e)
Indians occupied the ar,ea in this e,arly stage'.
During the period 700-900 A. D. the popula­tion
increased, but still remained small. A few
of a third group had settled in the area. Preci­pitation
seems to' have inc,reased slightly as well
as springs and farming naturally impro.ved mak­ing
life a little more pleasant.
The period between 900 to. 1060 A. D. shows
a definite increase in pDpulatio.n o.f the area and
more rainfall with more springs and natural re­servoirs.
Agricultural opportunities were better
and the peo.ple were [expanding their territory
very slightly. Three Pueblo Indian groups now
occupied the San Francisco. Mountain area. The
Sinagua branch occupied, from the early period,
the territory mainly south and east of the moun­tains
and some of the Verde Valley, which is
south of Flagstaff. 'The Kayenta branch of the
San Juan Anasazi Pueblo Indians lived along the
Little Co.IDrado River on the northeastern peri­phery
of the area from the early period Dn. The
peo.ple of the CohDnina branch came in slightly
later and occupied the area nOTth and northwest
of the mountains.
Today we know that the San Francisco
Mo.untains and vicinity are part of one of the
gr.eatest volcanic fields of the Icountry. This
field covers some 3000 square miles, and is stud­ded
with volcanic peaks, some 200 cinder cones
and num,erous lava flows. The activity has been
over a IDng span o.f time dating back to Pliocene
times. There have been many series of outbursts,
SDme' violent, but there have also. been long per­iods
of inactivity in between. The activity end­ed
with eruption of Sunset Crater, which is 14
miles north o.f the present r:ity of Flagstaff.
The prehistDric inhabitants undoubtedly did
not kno.w of the potentialities of this region as
far as volcanism was co.ncerned and therefo.re
the eruption o.f Sunset Crater in the fall of 1064
A. D. w'as a great crisis, and perhaps the most
frightening event in the lives of abDrigines in
this area.
Picture, if you Ican, people fleeing from their
homes in ,confusion and terror when the earth­quakes
began prior to the eruptions; then the ex­plosion
of gasses; the hissing of hot lava as it
pour.ed forth over the surface of the' ground, also
the rain of cinders and ash scattering over the
countryside, carried by the wind. It covered al­most
a thousand square miles and alsO' the aban­doned
dwellings of the people, as well as build-
(Continued on Page 34)
-17-
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-18-
Phone 818
You'll want to see the Indian rodeo during the big Pow-Wow celebration at Flagstaff. You' ll agree that this
I ndian rodeo is the most fun of any rodeo you've ever seen, even though no world's records will be set. Indian
cowboys compete for fun and prizes, but mostly fun. T he rodeo is a wonderful opportunity for photographers,
too.
-19-
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S erving N or the1"n A rrizolYta
FRED NACKARD
WHOLESALE LI9UOR CO.
P'EPSI-COLA
BOTTLING CO.
23 S. San Francisco Street
FLAGSTAFF, ARIZONA
INDIANS ARE-
(Continued from Page 15)
The Navajos. make up the largest tribe. In
1919 they numbered 29,000. Today they're around
80,000 and ar,e 'expected to reach 100,000 within
seven years.
But while Indian POoPulatiOon is increasing,
reservation land is shrinking. In 1881, Indians
had 156 million acres, nothing like the entire
United States they once held, but still a sizeable
piece of land, roughly comparable to the state of
Texas. Today Indians hold 56 million acres-a
little larg,er than Idaho. Most of the land Indians
hold tDday is arid, mountainous 'Or desert and
can't support the peOople who. live Oon it.
What's the answer?
Beyond bask agreement that nD blanket sOoI­ution
will wOork for all Indians, living as mem­bers
.of 193 organized tribes and some 260 iden­tifiable
bands, there is little meeting Oof informed
minds. Bureau of Indian Affairs officials, con­gressmen,
anthropologists, church leaders, Indian
organizations all have their Oown ideas abOout
what's best for the country's Ooriginal owneTS.
The Indian, caught in this (',rossfire of good
intentions, has COome to feel nobDdy ·cares what
he wants.
Thorrras SegundOo, former Papago tribal
chairman and a Whitney Foundation Fellow at
the University Df ChicagD, says: "Indians have
developed certain assumptiDns. They think no
matter what is to be dOone' they will never be con­sulted.
They're a small pOolitical power and the
Bureau of Indian Affairs will always be able to
OoutvDte them."
The Bureau does summon Indians, tOo Wash­ington-
at the tribe's own expense--tOo cOonfer
on matters pertaining to the tribe. EmmDns ex­plains:
"We have full ·consultatiDn with the In­dians
on what we do. But consultatiOon d.oesn't
necessarily mean cOonsent. The bureau is trus­tee
for 56 milliDn acres. The obligation Df a
trustee is that he's responsible fDr what's in
trust, but the beneficiary can't dictate to the
(Continued on Page 29)
COLOR PAGE'S
The color pages in this issue of the annual Pow­Wow
magazine are included here by courtesy of Ran­dal
Henderson, editor of Arizona Highways Magazine,
and the Arizona Highway Commission. Highways is
world-famous for the beauty of its color, featuring Ari­zona
scenery and people. These pages are made up
of pictures made in northern Arizona, particularly the
Monument Valley area.
At the night show, no flash pictures are permitted,
because it would ruin the! effect which the Pow-Wow
management goes to such pains to create. After the
show is over, you can make your own arrangements
with Indian performers to pose. It's wise to ask these
people for permission to take their pictures anytime
except, perhaps, during the parade. Would you want
your picture taken by some stranger who failed to
secure your permission? OUf Indian visitors feel about
this just as you do. Respect their individuality and
their dignity as fellow-citizens and human beings.
-20-
FOLLOWING PANEL
"View of Monument Valley from Rim"
"Sunrise - Monument VaLLey"
"Ear of the Wind Arch" [)
(l "Spider Web Arch" PHOTOS BY ALLEN c. REEl) "Full Moon A.rch"
~~~~~~
, .
INDIANS ARE-
(C01iliIlUul I om P(Jge 2Q)
tru. tee, \ille can't let th Indians manage the af­fairs
that are trust property,"
Emmons advO{"Jit'OOs a three poillt plugram
to assist I dians to reach a standard of living
comparable to non-Indians: 1. Betler health pro­gl'
ams; 2.. More adaluate edu.:'.a t ion; 3. :Economic
deve]opmen t,
·The land base of most reservations is too
limited to rn~tke 't possible to have a. decen stan­dal'd
of li~ting," he sayf':. "We an trying to in­duce
industry to move into the periphery of re­servatioru
and to offer emp]oyIn t to Indians
living ther .' .•
The Bureau also b: promoting a o]urrta,ry
relocation program. ~'It's on of the most humane
appro.aches to the problem," says Emmons. "If
the ndian wants to leave the resrvatioll and re­lOMte
in such area.,) as Los Angeles; Denver, Chi­cago
and San Francisco. we pay transportation
for him and hi8, family, get housing for them 'n
the city and get him a job. Would you bel ieve 'tJ
some people oppose this.;
They do. Opposition comes from tbe Na­tional
CongJ'e.';::s of American Indians. the only
lobby g Oup run by Indians themselves; ational
organizations like the Association on Am@rit"an
Ind ian Affai 1'8, n '., headed by writer 0 1i vel" La
Farge and with a ]0 g sponsor Jist of Ill'ominent
non-Indians; church gl"QUPS and anthropoIogir.::ts.
Fo' generations. they say, the Indian has
been I' loeating himself when he felt he was
ready to ta.ke his place in a white soeiety. Eut
the Bureau's program, they ,charge, has moved
untrained Indians from the reservation to a big
city where they form a poor of cheap, unskiUed
labor. Always the first to be [aid off, fearful and
insecllre, the India. often takes to hanging out
in skid 'OW • aloons wh'} his family becomes a
welfare problem.
B yo B ureaufigures, one-th ird of the In di8.1l$
relocated unde'r its progr.am have returned 00 the
reservation.
Further. critics say, little has ooen done to.
develop l"eSOUroe on the reservations in spite of
aU the ta.lk about making surveys. Andtbey
accuse the Bureau of trying to break up the re-ervations
alld Indian self-gov·ernment on the
pretext of "freeing the Indian" and ~~giving him
ontrol of his own property:~
Do hese groups have a olution?
Mo t tbink a point four program for In­dians,
to develop human and natural1'esources in
the ndian comnumities wou1d go a [ongway to...
\varu a. solution. The Nationa1 Congress of
American India.ns haL.'J been campaigning for the
Drog-ram for severa] yenrs. P:residen Eisen­howel'
allnOUllced last faU he wOllld recommend
to .congress <l form of domestic point four pro­gl"
am for this nationts chronicaUy depressed
m'eRS. T'wo such bills were introduced in Con­gress
but Indians weren't mentioned,
In an aveTage year. some 500 bins perUlin~
----29-
Greetings
EL PASO 'NAJURAL
GAS COMPANY
lS PROUD TO
SERVE FLAGSTAfF
HOME OF THE
pow-wow
it. PA-=O NATURAL 6ASMCOMP:ANY
ing to Indian affair will COme up in Congrep.s.
About 20 or 25 wilJ pas, The mo~t contro el"­sial
of the.@ in recent )r 'ars \V I'e th termina­tion
bms.
These ended government trust eship and el'­vices
for six tribes and gave them four years to
devise a plan to get along \vithout hdp from th
go vel'nmen t.
In short. the biUs ended th ir status as In­dians,
and the triba.l 'Corporations and constitu­tions
which had made them se1f sufficient cou1d
b aboHshed.
There was va l'ied reaction.
The National onncH of hUl"ches of Chl"i. t
irl the U. S. A. dcp10red the ha.<;;,te l'1·i h whkh the
bills \Yere enacted because the tribes "were not
pt:epared to acrept the responsibilities" that
would cOme on when they took effect.
National a. sociations and Indian groUps pre­diet
economic ruin and social chaos ('or Indians
affected by the bill.
Some other obser 1'5 see in the termination
bins a. step toward eventual elimination of the
"Bureau of Indian Affairs, with "ts mOl~ than
13,000 milloy~.
~"Ve're buiJding up h Indians un i] they'r
re~ld}, H says Emmons. "There's no termination
for the sake of termination. But think every
]ndian real1ze the government is to step out of
the pirture eventually."
A former Commissioner of Indian Affair
Dr. John ColJier, sooffs at this.
"This doing itself out of busine. $I is an old
,l!:ame," he says ... It has been going on for a hun­d
red years and it's always the same prooess:
stripping the Indian of his a.ssets and then build­ing
a bigger bureau to take care of the down-and­out
Indian'>'
10 They' ICe at ways breaking up corporate pro­perty
into unit.o; which can no longer be u. ed and
then it's sold to whites, It started i 1 37 ivith
the Oneida, and in 10 year they didn't have an
aCil'e of land left."
Dr. C oUier, now teaching anthropology at
MORROW
Knox College in 1Hnois, was commiSBioner from
i1.932-45. It was during his administration that
th sweeping Jndian Reo g.anization Act of 1934
1 :as passed, promoting triba1 home rule and re­quiring
the Bm-eau to conserve and deveJop In­dian
resOurces.
Most authorities think that no amount of
American technology can solve tbe Indian prob­lem
if thre isn't an understanding of t he human
eq uati on.s invol ed.
},{any Tndians are timid a.nd some stiU dis­trust
the white man.
Says M nominee oon liVeoo: "The typical
Indian still feels the white man has a forked
tongue. He says one t hing and mea.ns anotheT.J
'
The majority, ho\yever~ seem eager to belfeve
the best of t he white man. Oglala Sioux Ed and
EBen ,ranis ay; "rf other Americans k new ho<w
\"\'e Ii e. they OH]d do something. But how ('An
the,v know? . obody tells them. If they do come
to the reservation, they're riven a guided tOUt'.
Nobody really knows ho" bad it is.~·
(J oy I\oliUer is a special feature writer f or
the ociat ed Pre •. )
'Compliments of
Flagstaff
Oldsmobile - Cadillac - GMC Trucks
322 W. Santa Fe
ATLAS TIRES
BATTERIES
ACCESSORI ES
At Junction U.S. bb &. SOY
FLA6STAFf
w. R. If BUI" PRESTON
YOUR DEALER
West of
-30--
Phone 95
MINOR REPAIRS
LU B R I CATION
SPECIALIST
24-Hour Service
Indian comb o),. are !JJ good al thdt ; obs a. an}' co ~.()btl)!~ i ~~ l h~ worM. Heoreo a Na1Jajo cowhand (;,ml t"s (lltl o-n
a rip- .I"lo~tin' Jun/orm#!r iu tfl~ lad dIe Oflmc riding C(.>PlI<l'5~ wILicfl l ea' tl rt!.f rhe af' itrtj,o,m shows. TJi~r~ are a/so
rodeo$ during thl' morning.f. tU it i~ il,~posribl#! to n 11 0 If (if{ III f. c(}mpet jlh'~ ~llenh during th~ thrill! ajrunoou
of t h~ big .fhow,
(C(.> lI l i,m~d fmm Page 9)
main res.,rve cutting through thecente'l" of Pima
County with headquar1;crs at Sells, a lso is second
only to the Navajo in area. Residents of Papa.go
l"eserv< tions at: Gila B nd and San Xavi rare
represented in the tribal community rovernment
which operares from SeHs. The fomth Papago
reservati'on, at Ak oChin, neal' [aTicopa south of
Phoellixj maintains a community government of
its own.
P ima and Markopa tribal governments, with
Pimas in the majority, are combined on two re­sel'
ation , the Gila River Pima-Maricopa Com­munity
on th . Gila River Reservation, with tri­bal
office. at Sacaton. and the Salt River Pima­Ma)
·icopa. Community, at Salt River, near S 'otts­dale.
Th' Moh.we and the Chemehuevi unite for
self-~overnment functions on the Colorado River
Reservation. with triha] hea,dquarter' at Parke".
TJ ibal headqua.rt "r.s of the Cocopah is at Somer­ton
act~d of the QUe<:han (Yuma) at Fort Yuma,
nearby.
The Hualapai reservation occupies corners
of both lohave and Coconino counties in North­ern
A rizona tribal government hea dq uarters be­ing
at Peach Springs.
The village of Supai is tribal headquarters
for the Havasupai trib • in the bottom of Grand
Canyon.
Reservation horne of the Kaibacb P.'liutes, a
smal1 tri be, extends . ou th f Om the Utah border
in orthweste"n Arizona. Tribal he.adquarters
is at ~focca. in.
The Yavap<ti are on three :res€rvations and
participate in three tribal gow:! 'llments, the main
body On the Camp Verde reservation~ the Y nva.­pai-
Ap<tehe Community government: headquar~
tel's b~ing at Camp Verde. A few Yavapai51 Jive
-31-
.4 .)Ouwwe I AU'I"dlcln /-'01(' U (lit! rodeo il 'tt'll thai a/wQ)'s make!> a hit with the bi~ tr(n~d i.f tILe wild cow
milking con/nt. tlue two In(/iarl row/'oy< (j7~ !>/Iown, O~~ holdin.!! the cow still (I) while tile tJ/h~r IlHemp/1 to
gilt a lew drop .. of milk i~ tl pop bDule. l-1~ will IJl~~ r~n 10 ,h,. judge,,' .\!/HJd Wit/L hi.r bottle, and the milktn
,(I'c/ling hllck with milk ill Ihi' sllOrtw tim' Win ate prize.
independently, 'with a committe fOl'm of self­government.
on a sman reservat.iOt1 lear P 'es­cotto
The remainder or the Yavapai tribe io at
Fort M:cDo"w~ll, !"lear Phoenix, where th India'
community is klilo\\'n a 'Mohave-Apache," <l
name which the "1\Tohave-Apaches" explain with
an intel'e. ti g t.a.le:
When Arizona Indian dubbed "ho 'tile" w rt!
beinJt herded by the . S, Army to Old Ran Car­lo.'
i {now in t he b d (II an Carlos Resel'voir) the
Yavapai!; weI' includ d ulthough the Mohaves,
nea t" whom the Ya va pai then d;.\re It, were not.
The , l\IIoha.ve., while scapinJ{ t l1e drive
through friendline:ss to the \vhite men, '1.'10 wel'e
ympathetic to th avupuis, and Yavapai. who
slipp d back thI'ough the so1di r cordon wer ad­vised
by the Mohav. to tell the soldier', if
e.aught, that they were "llohave abaje.," m a.n­inf\'
H lohave People." The soldiers co'rupted
the Harne to .. lohave Apaches," a nd it stuck.
INFORMATION -
(Cn/ltiltlUd I.om P'lJ!1! 5)
le._ 'Iunal and other interests, They inclUde Ted Bab ­bitt.
merchant; Neil V. Christensen, attorney; T, M.
Knoles, Jr .. bakery pr pri tor; Andy Vlolf, insurance
man; Bill nnel l. appllancl} dealer; Earl F. Tnsley,
dir~lor of athletic" Arizona State College; G. W.
JakIe, Jr., C'ommittee secretary, who is chl r arooun·
tant for Babbitt Brollief'S T!tadtng Co.; A] C. GraFlmoon,
Ol)(lrator of the world·famou~ Arizona, Snow Bowl win·
ter FlI)Om area and proprietor of Skj and Spllr guest
ranch; Rob l't Prochnow, busine.si man; Sturgeon Cro­mer,
superintend nt of schools. Bob Hansel, eteran
rodeo director stages me all moon 'hows. Mr. Wolf
is announcer for the rodeo:; and ceremonial programs.
AUTHENTIC INDIAN PHONOGRAPH RECORDS
FINEST INDIA SINGERS!
OVER 100 TITLES!
Produced by
CANYON RECORDS
834 N. Jrh Ave.
PHOENIX, ARIZONA
In Flagstaff, Blly CANYON RECORDS At:
B'OI' CE~ BAK ER f iRESTONE STOllE,
or
NOR.TH ERN AR ZOINA AMUS,EMENT CO.,
-32-
WRITE FOR OUR
FREE CATALOCUE
108 N. LERO UX ST.
107 W. AS,PiEN Sl .
Indians lo~,t horu (aeu, and ~aeh }'ea~ dlHing till: a/tunoor! rodeo ('t'elll.f lhe Pow· }f'ow ,f!aMj tl uriu of
faa. Pillt horse jUt &r(l!~ght (IQ"'I distant parts of lh~ ro!sll'r!.ralions to ~ rl l~r aleft ,~I'~nU, ll)ltieh pay ubnal cash
flrj.i!~J. AJ you <'lHl s~~ h~TIl', lh~ ILMJU are lar I.om b, ing "(o~ (Joniel' but man)· ar~ r~tll ra~~ horus.
Indian Jewel ry
Curios
Gifts
HARDWARE
HOUSEWAR'ES
AC Kl,,roJi' LEDGME 'TS
Most 0/ lilt line hilum pictures a/1P~aring i tl
the Southwest AII·lruliart Paw-Wow maga;;ille
were llfl;l!tl by Ray Manl~)'. 'he o{ficial Pow-Wow
photugrapher, T lte b~alltiful aTt wu,k otl thll COVIl'T
01 this )'t:ar'J m<Jglfrint is by Jean FOller, rIOted
flrt;st and portruitist. Pic tures appearing wi,h Ihe
Pllrk Sewiu a,ti:le ill this i.uue au ollidal llo'PS
photos.
Squaw Boots
1 B f. S .... NTA FE
Squaw Dresses
Swi",zers_ i,
rM ll_ .,C- .
U N .... ,.......... ~_H '
GARDEN SUPPLIES
NAME BRAND TOOLS
-83-
FIRST SEnLERS-
(Cfmlinfu(l jrom Pa.flll 17)
ing Up a cj der eone type of vok-ano approximate­ly
a thousand feet in hei g h , What wou ld you do
at a t im" such as this? What did t he peopJe of
Chicago and San Franeisr~ do'? They fled, just
as the pr historic Indians did, bu th y also- re­turned
to rebuild. as di Ii the p ople of hicago
and San Francisco.
The el"uptiol'l of Suns t Crater had not only
ups ~t; the routine of life for these peopl 'which
had prognsood for many oonturies, but had also
created a new ra. The blanket of a! h fOl"tned a
muk:h which con €'l:"ved moisture in the clay soBs,
prevented run-off and made agriculture possible
in a large area. wha-e it had not been feasible pre­vious]
y. Additional precipitation wa.') an aJ iiur­anoe
of good crop production and fhi originated
possibly the first land rush in this ])<'\11: of the
country_ N w people moved in from all dire<:­tiorls,
many bringing new ideas and methods for
farming ~tnd other phases of living. Many of
the people met. and mingled in a small «melting
pot~~ .such 3's th "melting pot" of he ew York
area that we are fam ilia r vrith. M ore people
from t.he Kayenta. branch of he Ana-sazi came in
from the northeast, possibly influence from the
Mogollon groups from the southeast, and ideas
from the Hohokam irrigation farmer from the
outh; also more of the Cohonina branch of the
Pntayan fl'om the north, est. The local group
called the Sinagua moved bad into the al' a after
t.he eruptio and by 1100 A. D. an estimated 4,000
This area had a wntinous healthy growth
during the 12th eentur + The precipitation, and
therefore the domestic waw!.' supply continued to
be favol'nb]e. Small pueblos sprang up every­where.
The Sinagua p~ople weI' spreading out
acl'ld the Cohonf1'l3 p opleo were gradually being ab­~
orbed by othel' groups. but l:l.,pproximately 31 de­cade
after the beginning of the 13th oentury, a
dryness began to creep over the land. As the
dryness lncreased. the Kayenta people Jeftand
\vent nol' hward to th headwate!'s of some of th
streams around Elac.k ]I.·lesa and the pl:-esent Hopi
mesa. The remainin,g Cohonina went westward
and llorth to the south rim of Grand Canyon and
could p rhaps b ancestral to the present Hav~
!>upai ndians. The Sinagua gathered in h'u'gel'
masonry d\" lUngs near spl"ings Ot' per-rnanent
streams. (Sueh a~ Wupatki :md Walnut Canyon
Ruins). The 'aima]] s~owly decreas d, the 'not
winds increas d and blew the protective mois­ture-
retaining layer of cinder mukh into dunes;
pits and arroyo. GraduaUy much of it disap­peared.
leaving old. hard volcanic and lim stone
Lan e "I,.,f otel
and Texaco Service
Cenmer of Town Locatio"
122 West Santa Fe
FllI1gstaff, Arizona
ANDYIlS
Phone 750
LIQUOR and SPORTING GOODS
Slor.e Hours '9 o.m. 10 11 p.M. - S~ndCly 12 Noon to 8 p. m.
And'y Bu Min.. Own;;.
23 N. Beov~r Phon~ :210
ROIErtT W~ PROCHNOW
,COMPLETE IN
FLAGSTAFF
Phone 45
6 \V. A..pen
RANCE SERVICE
KING~IAN
Phone mu 156
Box 443
H elldq uarters for Autom otive P 'lIis an d Tools
13 N. Agassiz Flagstaff. Ariz.
STEA.KS SEA FOOD
Pete's Sunnyside Cafe
Piu[] _ Sp.cgl" .11i - Rav,,,la
Am~r'<ldn Dilh~$
Office Equipment and Supplit:l5
10 W. Alpen I'no.ne 221
Bnl CE - BAKE R
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Indian han t Records
-.34-
Phone 40
B & B Tire Retreading Plant
We ';(;ern Clothing or M n, \\"omen
and Children
'"VESTER GIFTS
Opposite Santa Fe Depot
• Fi~hi rlg Tad le
• Comping Equipment
• Guns & Ammunition
• Hobby Supplies
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7 N. l eroux
L '& L
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Phone I l lO
21h MILES EAST ON HIWA Y 66
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Your Friendly Home Furni.shil'l9 Dealer
HARPER FURNITURE CO.
Over 30 Year5 in Flagstaff
PhOn!! 473
ACME CLEANERS
~ I II N. Leroux FLAGSTAFF Phol'lll' 9
clays xpol'lcd tl) the sun. The clays l'Ould not hold
the moi8lure or control th r un-off or evapo~·ation.
Deep wide arroyos were cut, top soil ,vag carried
away, streams and spring d 'ied up, the land be­came
unbearabl,e, deva .. t<'lted and praeticaUy in­capable
of supporting life, ju ·t as in the case of
the "Dust Bowl' of the 1930 s.
This climax to a creeping dryness ,vas the
eoond ,;p'eat cri!l;is that happened to the aborig­inal
~)OOp]e of this anm. It was t he great drought
of 1276 to 1299. As planted cl'Iopand other foods
disappea.red, fields and homes were de "erted and
remaining families moved on.
Most of the S inagu.~ gr oup departed for the
' erne Valley to the south and settled in \ri]J~.lg S
such as Tuzigoot and Montezuma Castle (now
National Monlllnents), just prior to the severe
part of the drought. A f~w perhaps settled aJong
the Little ColQrado Ri er in the vicinity of the
present town of \Vh1.low, Arizona , .an d later
j o:ined the Hopi people.,.
A. hortel' drought occurred in t his same area
even in historic time . 'The Hopi to,vn. uffered
a Severe drought from 1777 to. 1780. Hundroos
of people died, T,vo pueblos 01" villages were
abandoned. Murh of t he population scattered to
more fa.vorable regions. Food a.nd other reli f,
which was requested of Governol' Anza of ew
Mexico by the Hopi, wa. l'eeeived in 1780 and .rt:­U
ved the suff ering tribe.
Th e Indiam Il:HI no One to turn to for aid
back in the latter 1200's sO'they had to ~·tough it
out", The ea.rly Hopi Indians preent a good e -
ample. om may have drifted sout heast to the
mountain eountry during the worst years, but
many probably eked Quta Hving over the years
and ke}lt the vi lmges going in the fashion the
early Spaninrds found them in 1540 during t heir
quest for p,tecious metals. Don Pe;;h-o de Tovar,
who \~'as WIth Coronado, visited the Hopi villages
that; year and also discovered the Grand Canvon.
Anwnio de Espejo viSited in 582. He aJ ·o "vis~
ite,d the ,Je:r?m~ area to t he south and was disap­pomted
In fmdmg copper outcropping and m~ ~iI ­ver.
Co-vernor Onate of ew Me::{icotook pOSS9S­'
ion of the Hopi vfll a,ges in 159 ~ in th name of
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Jackson & Canepa
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W. Birch Street
FIRST !n il'ubeless
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6 N. Sari Francisco Pone 770
JIM GALE CHEVRON DEALER
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At the U nderpas5 on 66 Phone 567
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Flagstaff - Cottonwood
1 S. SitgJ'ea.ve.'l Phone 7 3-\V
THE BANK
th King of Spain. The bl"o' f£l-rohe~ friars estab­li
hed missions in 629' but they were nullified
du 'ing the Pueblo uprising of 1680. Attempt~ to
conquer t.h Hopi were v,ery w€.lk for the next
hundred years and t he Hopt were not v ry hos­pi
table. Governor Anza's visit to t he Hopi townl:l
to offer relief, was the last \risit by white men
for three quarters of a 'c.entury although trap­pers
and hunters. must have visited this area
",.ith fe,,,r l'ecoroings .of theil' wanderings. A · toille
LeRou vi3it-ed the Hopi in 1850.
Lt. Sitgl' aves visit..ed the aren in 1851, Lt.
W. A. Whipple made a pre1iminary railway sur­vey
in 1 53, E. F. Bea..1e. Supel'intendent of In­dian
Affairs for California. passed through in
1857. and Lt. Ivas and geolQg-ist J. S. Newberry,
vi ited the Hopi in 85 . Mormon missionary
Jacob Hamblin, visited them the ame year. Ham­blin
Iat r located Lee's Ferry and paved the way
f or the settlement of the Little Colora,do Valley.
Arizona ,,'asrnade a territory in 1862 and
its first Governor. John N. Goodwin W<l{5 ap­pointed
in 1 63. Fort Whipple was made a tem­porary
seat of government, but in July, 1864,
Prescott was made the first ca.pitoL
On July 4, 1876; a party of easter~n settlers,
known as the "Eoston P.l:ll-ty". ce1ebtated the cen­tennial
of tll Declaration of Independen('~, by
hoi ting a. flug on a, taff made from a ]arge pine
tree. The tree was. still standing in 1883, (Ex­ad
time and details of the incident differ ,1ight~
ly.) This g-Rve the name of Flagstaff to the city ..
Many of you ave possibly wondering ho\'\' the
date· of the ~ruption of Sunset Crater, the great
drought and the various occupational periods were
determined. and how it is known that dweHings
wer: covered by the eruption, and how popula­ti(
ln are estimated and groups of p opla a. cer­tain-
ed.
Dr. A. E. Doug-Jass, once with the Univer ity
of Arizona, initiated dating by the tree ring
metllod. He had found that each annna] growth
r'ng of a tree corresponded to t he climatic con­ditions
of that area for each. ear of it~ life, and
that the growth ringS would form patterns which
could be used u.s keys in a long graph Or calendar.
Eventually enough material was conected to form
a tree ring nalendnr from 11 A.D. until the pre­'
ent time. A roof b am found in a prehistoric
Indian ruin, can be dated I:lnd in most CBlSes it
i' a.ssumedhe dwelling was built shortly afte!·
the b am was cut., therefore the construction of
the d weUi ng would co-rl pond to the date (}f the
outside gro\\'th ring of the tree. The date for
Suns t Crater, which m ntions the fan of 1064
A.D., WtlS determined by the fac,t thnt the tree
OF ARIZONA
Member Federol Depol5it In.<nrrance Co'rpo'ratwn
PRESOOTT-FLAGSrAFF-,CI..ARKDALE·COTTOl'lWOOD-WlLLIAMS-SEDONA
-36-
W restern Liquor Sfore
PACKAGE LIQUORS
102 S. San Fra ncisco Phone S31·M
LEAM ,ON BROS.
lYe S i'vice Om· alet.-
1n W. Hireh Phone 1084
Hi9hway Diner
A GOOD PLACE TO EAT
FLAGSTAFF WINSLOW WILLIAMS
20
OperClli ng Flag~loff RE<olty !Ii h'Jur~ n (:9 Ce.
Coconino Cleaners
an Franci co Phone 5
1 lag taU, ri1J()fta
VANDEVtER I LODGE) MOTEL
& DINING ROOM
FLAGST AF F·S FIN EST ACCOMMOOA IONS
Di nimg RCH)m Open for ir'I>Q f a.t, Lv nm 0 nd Din Iler
AT THE i NDERPASS
Welcome Sinbri.g " .
SUNNYSIDE COCKTAIL LOUNGE
CO KT AILS - DAN ING
Come As Y U\1 Are
THOSE WHO KNOW-l'ing
material used for dating purpo!te , il1dicat­.
d that the outer ing15 ha.d eomp1eted the rt'owing
season for t hnt yC;ll" Ma.ny houses were buried
1I uie}' ih black cinders and ash, but it "vas not
until 1930 w h n an uprooted pine tree was found
with chunks of day cli nging to the roots and
b l'Oken pieces of pot.tery in the day, that a d wel­ling
was discovered beneath the ash. This house
had been oc('upied prior to he eru.ption of Sun-et
Crater.
Djffer I'lt group of p.eople are deteJ'rnined
by the various type8 of ptltlery that ar found in
a sociation with the ruins. The rroup ha.d
"fads" in thei.r pottery or pottery design just a,.q
\ve have "fads' in clothing and such. The ~ u-urn
of l orthern Arizona at FLagstaff has ('.01-
lcctcd information on over 5,50 hom~e s ites or
ruins, .rnnging in ize rOm possibly 0 13 or two
rooms to almost ~OO rooms. magine the number
of people required to occupy these sites Over the
years t
It is the An~heologist's r. pon, ibility to
piece together a history of people ''''ith no written
record!; and pre. ent a story of their lives and
habit.. as a 'cul'ately a8 pU!1.Sible. n i~ n :!Oessary
for them Lo u~e the few tools ~'nd method' at
their dispo"al such as tree-ring dating, and even
~.omparing the ancient cultures with the PI' sent
day Indians ,uch as the H opj, who have the in­herited
c.ulture of til old people. The Hopi In­dian
vmag oS have been occupied fo' at least the
last 1,000 y~ars and sO t hey serve as a. live corn­pari
on of .archeo]ogy.
Some 0 th other groups of ndian ' you are
likely to encounter loca]\y Ul"e the avajo In­dians.
The Navajo, (origina.lly a semi-nomadic
group), have been in the south"", st for approx­imate1y
400 years as neal' as ran be determined.
They are newcnmers to the-Pueblo ndiuns, just
as weare. The Navajo nol,l, number close to 0,-
000 and inhabit much of northeastern Arizona
a "lreH as north-western New Mexico.
Many vi itor~ to Al'izonn enjoy seeing Indian
and Indian ru ·IlS <uui some 0 the National Pal'k
ServLce area. jn this vicinity. (':l,Thich are under
the Department of Interior) exhibit wonderful
examples of pueblo ruins. Canyon de Chclly Na.­tional
Monument, near Chinle in no!the~tern
Arizona, and Navajo National 'lonument, 160
miles north and ast of F lagstaff, ~1.re good ex­amples
of th diU (lwcHings of the Kayenta
bunch of the San JU~l.n Anl.lsazi Puehlo Indians.
Canyon de CheHy is one of the most colorful
national monuments ill th . outh~rest. It has
bc:autifll1 sandstone cliffs up to a tho us.and feet
in height and specUlculal> gOl'g oS as wen as RL
POW-WOW WITH BUDWEISER
KLICK DI'STRIIUTrO'RS
"CLICK Wl'l'H 1(LlCIC'
----37-
Free Parking lot Steam Heated
By the Underpe ss On Highw~y 06
FLAGSTAFF, ARIZONA phcme 99<)
SPORTSMEN1S STEAK HOUSE
OR FINE FOOD
Seafood and Fresh Tl~out Dinner
218 S. Sitgreaves on Highway 66
John (J;nd Do lly M iUs
MT~ ELDEN PHARMACY
East Flagstaff Shoppilllg Conter
Phone 1557
Flacastaff AUTO SUPPLY Co.
C()U1'te.~y - S lM"lJice - Qu~it1J
Evinrude Motors-Lc:me St.ar Boats
12 N. Beaver Phone 625
IsonJac:ksonls Texaco Service
U lh'. Service
Washing
Lubricatjon
ervice Cans
Phone 177-W
Fr Pickup
and Delivery
The (1t tl e Brown Jug
Your 7.day a Week Midnight
GROCERY
Beer - Wines 1 I I s. Sitgreave-5
wealth of ruins. Mummy Cave i~ lJerhaps the
earliest si e as it dab~s back to the fi ,-t centuries
of our 1'::1. White House AnteJope Hou'e and
Sl.a:nding Cow I"uin date into the t hirteenth oon­tUl"
Y when 0iIn) on de Chel1y \vas abandoned by
Pueblo Peopl .
The avajo Indians can b seen Jiving in the
canyon today. They fa ,'m small pauh s of
ground and tend their heep as they have fo
over 200 year.
Canyon de CheUy (.an be l'eaehe.r1 by goi ng
north from U. S. 66 to GalW do, A 1'i zon a and then
to Chinle.
avajo National Monument conta,ins the
best preserv d cliff dwellings in the outh"vest
and the largo. in Arizona. Betatakin Ruin,
which is neAr headq ual"ters, i easilr accessible
on foot. It eon tains a pproximate1y 150 rooms
and is located in a large natural caVe that could
hold the c.apito] building. The largest ruin named
Keet eel, is el ven miles from headquarter~ by
.rail and ,at lea!;t .a full day is required for the
["(lund trip.
lly traveling north 0-11 U. S. 89. then tunling
northeast to Tuba City, Tonalea and Cow Spring
frading Po "t, you come to the Navajo National
~ronument tum-off, which is marked. Inquires
houJd be made- l"egarding road condi !ions.
Ten miles east and south of Flagstaff, is
Wa~nut Canyon National Monument, which con­tains
more than 300 sma]] pI'€historie cliff dwell­ings
'onst.ructed undet' the overhanging ledges in
the eH fs of a. OO-foot deep C.lnyon.
Twenty-five miles north and fifteen miles
eRst of U. S. 89, is Wupatki National Monument.
A ]oop trip can be made by going south to Sun et
rater National }VIonument and return to u. S.
9. Wupatki Ruin is a spectacular and unusual
ruin. It conta.in@d more t han 100 room., v;ra.g
three wries high in place.s and housed almost
300 people. it was consb'Uct d 0 and around
a . and. ton . pur at the ba e of .a mesa of lava.
Both Wupatki and Walnut Canyon ar good local
examples of hoo. es built by the Sina.gua Pueblo
Indians.
If you .are tr.ave~ing south you may ,,,,ish
to vi it otber National Monument. wi th Sinagua.
type ruins and by traveling through ('olonul and
picturesque Oak Creek Canyon into the scenie
Verde "\ aney, you c.a,ll visit Tuzigoot National
M on 0 ment, t\vo< miJe~ north of Clarkdale, A ri­zon
a. Tuzigoot wa constructed on a limestone
ridge w H abov the -ivel' and wa~ probably
BABIBITT I NVESTME NT COM PA N Y
19' N. San Francisco Sf. Phone 422
OIFFERI NG TH E B EST I N REAL ESTATE
G.f;!ll rge Bab bitt, Jr. Rita H. Quackenbush
--38---
This /w.e:blo confJlrr .I!i! ' e~ cameramatl for Pow- wo ~.v tl big
smile.
bunt as a defensive pu blo. As til popu1ation in~
creased from people moving jn during th dr ought
yea,rs, t he p ueblo grew. It ev ntuaUy gr w to
OVer 100 rooms.
Five miles north of Caml) Ve rde, Arizona, is
])o{ontezuma Castle ationaJ l\f onument. This is
a very interesting cliff ruin which is inaccurately
nam d, but a lmost 90 percent intact and or iginal.
t wru a f ive story struc.ture containing 200 roOm.
If you consult your map or ask a Ranger you
may find many otber a tionaI Parks and on~
ument!l over t he country that you may wish to
vis it on ;{OUl' trip.
Fea uring Chinese and American Foods
Grand C,onyon Cafe
FLAGSTAFFS NEWEST tATING PLACE
110 'E. Santa Fe - On HighYil!lY ·66
COMMERCiAL HOTEL
Acrosll fTom Sa nta Fe Depot
Fla gstaff, ArizoM
Richfield Oil C·orp.
:3 13 E. SlIot" Fe L V. Smith
Phone 185 FlagstaH Agent
'P rompt D livery If It Brooks Our Bilek"
F.LAGSTAFF LUMBER C~
LAKE MARY LODGE
8 MUKSDUlh ,:(of FJQgstgJff
Modem Trailer Part ' light~ • Water· Showers
CAIB1NS ~ CAFE - BAR - STORE
Dancil'l9 Saturday nigM and Sund"y afternoon
PINE TOP fOUNTAIN
Fouuttr.in and Lu,ncncQn Sel''Vice
12 E. Aspen Ave. Phone 541
NOW OPEN
IN NEW
BUILDING
The Amcn:inCJ VOILKSWAGEN
C·ome in andl ask for a demofts=-ration
PREMIUM MOTOR COMP'ANY
658 East Sltnta Fe Phone 217
--39-
S el~ded turkey feathers (Ire /ashi(J<nea ill/(J< a chap~<l!l l,"Orl'l
by this I ndiar~ maiden lor one 01 'he danct:5 prc5~fHtd
durirlj? th~ nilO!lit!im~ uremonials <l! thll Pow-Wow.
Pow-Wow ceremonials jtlJ.ttJrc w/o'lul. p<ltIlJlakilll,ll)' made
'OMWlU5 Huh .u !flU i1lig.le da1ice~ w~ars .
0-1 MOTORS
PACKARD - STUD'EBAKER • Wit YS
an d Other MI! ~es
202 E. Sa nt8 Fe Pnone 921 or 97
Flag Photo
A cros8 From Sante F Depot
FILM
Pnone 1794 Ffa gda ff, Ari1(Hli!I
Meet YOIJF Friend~ At ne
EI Patio Cafe &
Coc ktai I Loun ge
'Where the Best in Food and Dri nks Are SQrvoed'
FLAGStAFF MOTOR INN
Center of FI gstaff
OOS PIPER, Op~ t alOr
216 E. Santa Fe
30 MINUTE LAUNDRY
A-utom.atic and Agiw.wr
FLAGSTAFF and SEDONA
Ph one F1agstaff 849-W
STANDARD
Paint and Suppfy Co .. fnc.
Formerly Wellsel's P~ i nt Store
704 EII~t Santa Fe Ave.. Phone 438-W
FlAgstaff, Arizona
United L·quor Distri utors
DISTRIBUTORS OF SEAGRAM'S 7·CROWN AND OTHER FINE WHISKIES 1
Flnone 890
--40-
Waiting JOT i h ~ daH}' parade 10 hI/in, this )'oung hoop
dancu 15 proud a/his aKi/i l)! and 5kill in lh~ difJi&ult flu­{
or'lllance .
T om-taw! rh )·awH lire bllal ofH bl' ihis Jurrform.er il~ l ile
Cut' ftlOtI illi. prf'enlul t"d~ "'I Ihe /fll'tlt Pow-Wow niRntr.
10' A friend ~y Bar, The Road 'Is Never long!
J O E J OE"S
LAGSTA_ F IA,DIO AND
TV SERVICE
14 s. San Frll ncisco Phone 18 37
Clothes For
II n·fants Through Teens
114 West Bireh Phone 32:0
T & T SHEL S,ERVICIE
Shell Pr emdum GasQli>tl.e Wi th T. C. P.
CAR WASHIN5 - TIRES
BATIERY SERVICE TUBES
Don and Johnny
502 E. P hone 63
JUNE FURNITURE CO.
U pholsteri DC)
14 S. S!IIII Fra ncisco Pho,ne 493
The Sta+e"s FASTEST Growing Savings In,stitution
ARIZONA SAVINGS
AND LOAN ASSOCIATION
Cu lTent Rate 8 N. San Fr"lnci~eo
NORTHERN ARIZONA
WAREHOUSE COMPANY
MAYFLOWER AGENT :; MOVING :: STORAGE
PACKI NG ;; SHI PPING
24 So uth Beaver Phone 3,24
LEE
Good and Bad Liq,lIor
---41-
NORTHERN ARIZONA TillE CO~
Serving Nortnern Arizona
With Title Insurance
Phone 12 205 N. SCIn Fr!lnci~cc
LONGLEY·S BARBER
AND
BEAUTY SHOP
20 N. Leroux Phone 16
WESTERN H.lLLS
R',estauf1ant and Me,te,1
Open 5 a.m. +0 10 p.m.
FJagstaff'g e.vest and Finesl
, i]e Ea t of Flagstaff On Hiway 66
LEEON MELVILLE IRMA REYNOLD'S C~rern(lnhll performer chulu in~rical~ danc~ .f!~lu he will
'/0 iTi '/light program of POUl -U 'ow.
Our SAVINGS
a ,re
I SURED
are
YOURS?
FLAGSr AFF: 18 N. San i='ranciseo
(Now Bu ilcl in 9 ~t 20 lEast B' rch)
PHOeNIX • MESA • YUMA • CASA GRANDE
, I
4'
Th~ we611Iub~a!eu facB of this lribal l~adll~ has b;ul1I
a fa;.'orile tarRet of Pow-Wow e{lmerflPlI~!l for .f.1I1 UIlJ
S<!l'tUO!lI.
BURRUS REALTY
B Wes Santa Fe Phone 120
A!'Ipen and L.l·OUX Streets Phone 60
'. EXCLUSIVE OW-WOW COLOR SLIDES
• SPECIAL KODACHROME MAIL SERVICE
• EKTACHROME PROCESSING
24-Hour Service
EXPERTS IN PHOTOGRAPHY
GOOD as t he Best . BETTER than the Rest
S-A-V-f
" If You Have ."l Hirst-See Ruff First"
Rull's Package Store
For Your IPackag,e Liquors and Sportlng Goods
Bf:ER WINE LIQUORS
J. K. RUFF 2 S. SITGREAVES
GREET. NGS fROM
'Doc' Williams Saddle'ry
WHOLESALE and RETAIL
SADDLES
Cowboy Boots
and ~L1ipment
Rifles - Pi stols
Ammunition
Le~ther Goods
Speciol Orders
Marl Orders
Iinvited
P. O. Box 123S
106 Ellst Santa Fe
FlaQstaff. Arizona
ALDIS
ho,to
ACROSS FROM MONTE VISTA HOTEL
S-A-V-E
CITY OIL, COMPANY
Just West of the College on Highway 66-Alw~y5 Open DENVER MERRICK. Mgr.
--43-
Black. Cat Cale
ACROSS FROM SANTA FE DEPOT
A GOOD PLACE TO EAT
SKYLINE MOTEL
J. STANLEY ORTH - CHIP D. SAMUEL
U. S. H ighwoys
Ea~t M and 89 Phone 5 16
VAN SICKLE a dSHUCK
REAL ESTATE .. INSU RANCE
16 N. Leroux Phone 127
ARROWHEAD MOTO'R.S
Comp1ete Mechanic.a1 erV1Ce
~---- PLUS
~... •.... ..• \!Y
In Tke H efwt of Dmvnto u..m Fl4{JSW,f!
1 W. Santa . e
Elnb(Jr;rl~ 1M/hued he(J.dd.re_~,II_f an.d CDUum,u nre worn
Ii)' Indinru for f'llI d(Ji~y Pow-Wow pamd, alld f:JT Ihe
nil!'U ! ime l'er~ m oniilU.
BANK OF FLAGS F
Capital and Surplus $3~O.OOO
Com ple Banking Services
Brown's Cr,edit Jewelers
if A Little Dotv-n b; Enough For B-rown"
Mcmb r FD]C I
19 :K .Aspen ~ F.LAGSTAFF 108 N. Cort e-,L - PRE COTT
Ghllnfing if ofle11 c(l~ril!d all by the same per~[m j{lfll fJ~tll.1
r/u drum for till! Pow-WtJw cuemonials. .",r(lli;r, filii In­dia'I's
I a rtC J' 5hi, I a rid blJll, T {til bdl i. pm{irl b/), wo, ill
well O,'f' 100.
CITY M'OTOR S,ALES
H. G. BECK!.. EY. Mana gar
Phone 109 402 E, S<'lnt~ Fe
PROTECT OUIl"
IF 0 rests From Fi r'e
ARIZONA
LUMBER AND
T IMBER CO.
J. C. DOLAN, President
FOOD TOWN
SUPER MARKET
Northern Arizona's Larg@~t, Finest and Most
Cample @ Market
Robert E. Bornes E. C. " Bud" Cogdill
Merle S. Sauer
I I South Beaver Phone 548
ARIZONA SUPPLY CO,.
MILL, LOGGING, INDUSTRIAL SUPPLIES
AUTOMOTIVE PARTS AND EQUIPMENT
Phone 89
Frank P'adilla's
SANTA FE SERVICIE
COMPLETE AUTO SERVICE
Tire~ - Tubes - Acces~ories
Phone 80b 2lJ4 W. Santa Fe
FLAGSr AFF 122 E. Santa F!l
Ed's
Mot,or Inn Service
c. E. Ha rlsh orn E. Santa Fe
Genera l Petroleum Corp ..
DON CHR ISTE SEN, Agent
MOBIILGAS MOBllOll MOB ILE TI RIES
5-
Hotel'
Monte Vista
THE SPUR MOTEL
Newly Construated lind Strictly Modern
Owned .:! nd 0 peroted by
FLAGSTAFF COMMUNITY HOTEL CO .
On U.S. Rou tes
66 lind 8'1
Mr. and Mrs. C. L. Dohre r
Owners Md Mem gars
• COP,FEE SHOP
• DI HING ROO,M
• COCKTAIL LOUNGE WEB:BER BROS. r
-- ~ --"-"'-' - - -~~~-~-:- ._-- - STAN DARD 0 I L P'RODUCTS
J N. Agas.~ iz Phone 18b
SPENCER INISURANCE AGENCY
FOR RESERVATIONS-Wire, Write. or Call
Fire - A utomobile - Li!!b ility - Bonds
Phone 497 18 N. Leroux Phone 447
Welcome To The POW-WOW • • •
2114 HOU RS NORTJ.-I - ON U. S. 89'
MARBLE ,CANYON LODGE
North On U.S,. 89' at Nava jo Bridge
00 E DAY OR MANY URROt: DED BY THE MAfj'NIF'I ENT VI TA
0 ., THE COLORADO GORGE
ee rem·by NortIl Rim of the Grand nnyon and Historic U lils Ferry
- - - - - ~--
YOU. MIGHT MISS ONE-BU·Y ~OT , 8 10TH!,
- --
.oN E HOU R EAST - ON U.S. bb
LORENZ,O HUBBELL ,COMPANY
WINSLOW. ARIZONA
rAJO R GS • OLD P W, • PO IER
Feat uring T he Fines t In Old And N e\v Indian C1'aft
THE: THADIN .r PO T WITH A TRADITION
---46-
.,
FOUR COl.ORFUL STEPS I NAVA 10 PUBER TY CEREMONY
Pouring curn balUr ReceiviPlf( ble'iuinll.l"
Ca I ness Is
ImorrowS Trees, 001
REM MBER-Only
Y-O-U Can Prevent Forest Fires!
@uthweA
McNary. laC)5 aH .. Happy at.: .. Maverick - hoe nix
For your heavy equipment needs
You Can Count on Your
John Deere "Caterpillar" Dealer
IZ ... ~ .... "
Buckeye. Casa Grande. Coolidge. FIClgs.taH - Mesa. Phoenix. Tucson
STOP' IN AND SEc US WHILE YOU ARE IN FLAGSTAFF
24 S. Beaver St.
Ri ght Acro ss from the Sa-rita Fe Stat ion
From
MAIL ORDERS
PROMPTLY HANDLED
C.O.D. ANYWHERE
Mrs. Paula Brown
B.t!bbltts· Indian Shop
Bin 90-Flag5taff, Ari1O"C!
II
To
l.ce
!joe Stam p
HerE'
Po
Welc,ome
_W'OIW Vis· ors
Moke BobbiHs' your shopping heodqu~rter:s while in Fld g~ aff,
We h~ndle evef)"t~in9 Western for Cattlemen, Lumbermen,
Indians and for vacotionisk lInd visitors ,
•
V ;~it our All Indiiln Curio
Store, where you wm find
selected I.Ig~ woven by
the finest weavers c>n th4i
Navoi!l'o Re5.ervation.
til , I
•
I
~
D
I
"N
s
I
L
V
!
R
Plf"ase Send tile ollowing Items C,O.D.
N!lme
Adc:lres~
- ·, ··· --'
INDIAN SHOP
Corner A ~re n /!In SlIn F ancisco S reets