1941 Flagstaff All-Indian Powwow Program

              Flagstaff Public Ubr(!ry ~ ('
Flagstaff, Arizona 1\ e-r ·
gouilu,()ed ALL-I N DIAN M'
FLAGSTAFF
J U L.Y ·
'4-5-6
1 9 4 1
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Price
25c
the heart of Northern Arizona's
F LAG S T A F F
Elevation 7,000 Feet-HOn The Ladder To The Sky"
Summer has come to our mountain wilderness
forest and stream
Hotels, Lodges, Courts and our
Churches are waiting to greet
you ...
Perfect summer days of liquid
sunshine are yours for taking,
crisp Flagstaff nights will de­light
you ...
Rodeos will thrill you and you
can ride with the cowboys deep
into cattle-land
Hopi Villages
Cliff Dwellings
Lava Beds
Ice Caves
Santa Fe Mainline, Greyhound.
Santa Fe Busses all bring you
to our front door . . .
U. S. Highways "66", "89" and
"79" offer perfect travel by
motor ...
Purest of snow water from
snow-capped thirteen thousand­foot
Peaks for you to revel in
Oak Creek Canyon
Museum of N. Arizona
Lowell Observatory
Legion Auto Races
See the Indians at POW-WOW Time
10,000 of them in br1;Uiant colorful ceremony
Flagstaff's Famous Snow Bowl
And Winter Sports Area
Flagstaff's Charity Horse Show
August 2 and 3
Swimming .. Fishing .. Boating .. Hunting .. Hiking .. Riding
Wilderness trails to explore-mountain streams to camp by
Flagstaff is at the head of all trails to the National Monuments, the Painted Desert, the Indian
Villages and Navajo Land and the World's most sublime spectacle, the appalling, breath-taking
By PEGGY JAMES
Far from the purple wind-blown spaces,
Far from the Land of Earth and Sky,
In for the Pow-Wow's games 'and races,
One-Little-Boy is riding high.
Left behind is his belt of silver,
Far away in Navajo Land;
Discarded lie the Uttle moccasins,
Soft, for treading the desert sand.
Overalls, and gay striped sweater,
Cowboy hat on his childish head;
(One-Little-Boy thinks this is better)
Cowboy boots, in moccasins' stead.
Swing and sway on your painted pony,
So unlike your Indian steed;
Lights, and music, and distant laughter,
Make this a gala Tide indeed.
Soon, when the Pow-Wow games are
finished,
Winners hailed with the white man's
cheer,
One-Little-Boy must jOU1'ney homeward,
Dreaming of Pow-Wow time next year.
j
THE SOUVENIR PROGRAM
SOUTHWEST A/J-!Jn~ POW-WOW
Published Annually by Pow-Wow, Inc.
FLAGSTAFF, ARIZONA
Contains authentic and interesting in­formation
about the Southwestern In­dians,
their homes, customs and beliefs.
Also, all the facts concerning the in­ternationally
famous
12th Annual Southwest All-Indian
POW-WOW
JULY 4, 5, 6, 1941
The Pow-Wow is a celebration held
annually by 10,000 Indians from more
than 20 tribes of the Southwest and
other parts of the nation. Religious and
social dance ceremonials, with every rit­ual
detail and full ceremonial costumes,
will be staged during the evening show.
Fast exciting rodeo performances will
be held in the afternoon, matching tribe
::tgainst tribe, Indian ag'ainst Indian.
Each day at noon a parade, miles long,
passes thousands of Indians, all decked
out in colorful tribal regalia, in full re­view
through the streets of downtown
Flagstaff. It is the Indians' own cele­bration,
their own get-together to dance,
chant, compete in rodeo contests, trade
and chat with old friends. But the
whites have just as much fun watching
the Indians cut loose at this, their own,
annual fun fest.
Because this is a strictly All-Indian
celebration, staged annually by demand
of the Indians who for years have been
coming to Flagstaff for their annual
Pow-W ow and free feasts and festivals,
Indians are employed whenever possible
to direct the various phases of the ac­tivities.
Because so many tribes are
represented, Indian interpreters are em­ployed.
The Pow-Wow Board of Directors and
the Pow-Wow Magazine wish to express
appreciation for those Indians who take
over the above highly important posi­tions.
They are the ones, more than
any other, who make it possible for the
Indians to enjoy an entirely successful
celebration.
Flagstaff is glad that the thousands
of Indians over the Southwest have chos­en
Flagstaff for their annual Pow-Wow
grounds and every effort is made to
Board of Directors
1941 Pow-Wow
VAUGHN C. W ALLACE ... . ............ President
FRANK QUIRK . .... .. ............... Vice-P1·esident
W. B. FLEMING . .... ........ ............. Sec.-T1·eas.
JOHN BABBITT ....... ... ... ............... ...... Member
PHILLIP NACKARD .. ... .. ..... .............. Member
KARL MANGUM ...... ... .. .... ... ... ........ ... Member
TOMMY KNOLES, JR ....................... M ember
LEIGHTON CREss .. .. Executive Sec.-Treas .
TOBE TURPIN . ~ ..... ... Di1·ector of Pow-Wow
BOB HANSEL ... ............... Director of Rodeo
MELVIN HUTCHINSON .. ... ...... .... ...... .
........ E dito1· of P ow-W ow Magazine
ALLAN KINVIG, WOODY NEZZER ....
...... .................................... Advertising
BOB FRONSKE. ... ...... OjJicial Photogr·apher
Copyrighted 1941, By Pow-Wow, Inc.
make these annual visitors feel welcome,
happy and comfortable. The people of
Flagstaff want their Indian Neighbors to
feel, when they look toward the little
city at the foot of the snow-capped San
Francisco peaks, that they are looking
toward the home of their friends.
We of the Pow-Wow organization
wish to express our appreciation to the
U. S. Department of Indian Affairs for
the fine cooperation that has always
been given each year to the Indians and
to Flagstaff. It has made it possible for
us to be able to plan from year to year
to entertain our Indian friends and
guests as we felt they would like to be
entertained during their short annual
relaxation from reservation work, duties
and responsibilities.
Pow-Wow, Inc., is a non-profit organ­ization.
It is organized for one purpose
only, to assist the Indians in staging
their annual Celebration. The Board of
Directors, elected each year, solicit
funds from Flagstaff business men to
provide free food for the thousands of
Indian visitors and provide prizes for
rodeo and other events.
The many excellent photographs re­produced
in this magazine were taken
by Bob Fronske, A. W. Carson and staff
photographers of the Arizona Highways
magazine.
We wish to express our appriciation
for the fine cooperation of John McPhee
of the Indian Service, Window Rock,
Ariz., who supplied us with many in­teresting
facts about the Navajos and
the Navajo reservation.
Tobe Turpin, shown above, is the di­?'
ector 'in charge of the Pow-Wow cele­bration.
This is his second year as di1·ect­or
and he has done much to bring in
new Indian dances and add interest in
the beautiful night ceremonials. Tobe is
an Indian t?'ader who talks most of the
Southweste'rn Indian languages and he
is a veteran in handling Indian celebra­tions.
This yea?' Tobe again brings in a
few additional Indian tribes and t?o·ibal
dances that have never been here before,
p?·omisinga bigger and better show than
the pre'vious peak reached last year.
On the 01Jposite page aTe two of the
many cute Indian babies brought to
Flagsta.l.f by proud pa?·ents. Upper left
is Corinna Ann Trujillo, San Juan pueb­lQ
Indian, who took first prize in the
baby contest last year. She was two
yeaTs old at that time. The lower right
is a char?1'l,ing little Navajo papoose. An
attractive young Navajo miss poses fOT
her picture astride her favorite pony
(lower left) and above to the right is a
Navajo squaw, wearing the typical vel­vet
jacket with silver concho buttons and
strands of beads.
Tickets
Tickets for all six performances of the
Southwest All-Indian Pow-Wow will be
on sale June 10, 1941. They may be or­dered
direct from Pow-Wow, Inc., by
mail, or purchased at local stores and
the Chamber of Commerce. Tickets will
be available at the Pow-Wow General
Offices at the City Park on and after
July 1. The ticket office will be open
from 9 a. m. until 10 p. m. during the
days of the celebration.
General Offices
During the days of the celebration the
general offices of the Pow-Wow organi­zation
will be located under the grand­stand
at the City Park. The executive
department is divided into sections, each
with a member of the Pow-Wow Board
of Directors in charge. Before the cele­bration
opens business may be transact­ed
in the city at the offices of the busi­ness
men who make up the Board of Di­rectors.
Police
In addition to regular Pow-Wow police
and Indian service officers, city and
county officers will be on the grounds
at all times. Police officers will be avail­able
at the Pow-'Wow General Offices
located under the grandstand. The tele­phone
numbers of the law enforcement
authorities are:
Pow-\Vow Police (City Park) ........ 111
Sheriff's Office, Coconino County .... 39
Chief of Police, City of Flagstaff...... 15
Downtown Parades
The Pow" W ow is exclusively the In­dian's
Celebration, and his "show."
Many whites ask to join in the down­town
parades, but there is a strict rule
that no whites shall be permitted to take
part in the Pow-W ow programs or
in any manner displacing Indian partici­pation.
Please do not ask to be per­mitted
in the parades.
Indian Village
Several hundred acres of the Coconino
National Forest adjoining the City Park
have been set aside for the Indians visit­ing
the Pow-Wow to camp in. Water
and firewood are free. Roads have been
constructed to open up larger areas of
the pine forest for use of the Indians.
One must actually walk through the In��dian
Village to realize the great num­ber
of Indians who are camped in the
forest setting. Visitors are welcomed by
the Indians. Some of them usually have
handiwork of their tribe for sale. Es­pecially
the Navajos who bring blankets
and silver jewelry; the Hopi with bas­kets,
pottery and blankets; the San
Domingo bring great strands of tur­quoise
beads for sale to both Indians and
whites; the Apaches have baskets and
trays; the Zuni and Laguna offer fine
hand made silver jewelry for sale. To
the man who desires to buy such pro­ducts
direct from the Indian, and in­variably
the seller is the actual maker,
the Pow-Wow Indian Village is a golden
opportunity.
The social dances in the village, on
ground especially set aside, arf'. free and
whites may not only watch them but join
in.
Photographers
The Pow-Wow Celebration has proved
to be a mecca for amateur movie and
camera fans. They are welcome. Bring
plenty of film. All general subjects are
free. No charge of any kind is made,
with the exception that where the pho­tographer
desires special poses of In­dians
he should with all due respect
make arrangements with the Indians
concerned. The Indians attending the
Pow-Wow are a friendly, kindly people.
There will be no trouble such as cameras
being seized and films exposed to light
as happens at some pueblos and at some
celebrations on Indian Reservations. The
photographer has but to observe the
general rules of courtesy and he can
shoot unusual subject to his heart's con­tent.
Indeed, the Pow-Wow Celebra­tion
offers almost unlimited and more
opportunity for color, scenery and In­dian
subjects than can be obtained else­where.
The grandstand is close in to the
track, overlooking everything taking
place in the arena. With the fast films
obtainable now pictures can be made at
the Pow-Wow shows at night as well as
during the afternoon. However, cer­tain
rules regarding the making of pic­tures
at the six performances must be
enforced. No flash bulbs or extra light­ing
facilities in or from the grand­stand
will be permitted. Because of the
danger to unauthorized persons in the
arena during the Rodeo, absolutely no
photographer will be permitted inside
the track anywhere. No press photog­rapher
or news reel cameraman will be
allowed inside the prohibited space un­less
he has proper credentials, and any
such arrangements should be made well
in advance of the celebration so as to
assure a spot from which such news
shots can be made.
Recordings
Surreptitiously taken recordings of
chants and songs at the Pow-Wow have
been made. But when such recordings
are manufactured without permission or
arrangement with the Indians concerned
they are illegally so, if they are on the
regular programs. Pow-Wow, Inc., has
and intends to protect the rights of the
Indians when such recordings are made.
Permission for the making of recordings
of the chants may be obtained if such
requests are from bona fide institutions
and if the Indians concerned are com­pensated.
First Aid Station
A first aid station in the grandstand
will be maintained through the courtesy
and cooperation of the American Red
Cross, Department of Health of the
State of Arizona, and the Coconino
County Health Service. At least one
docto~ and a nurse will be in attendance
at all times. An ambulance will be
available through the courtesy of W. L.
Compton. Any person injured on or
about the grounds where the Celebra­tion
is held should apply for treatment
immediately.
Sale 'of Magazines
The official Souvenir Magazine will
be sold on newsstands before and after
the celebration in July. During Pow­Wow
week magazines will be available
at the City Park and on the streets in
downtown Flagstaff. The magazine will
be mailed postage prepaid anywhere in
the United States on receipt of 25c.
Such mail orders should be sent to Pow­Wow,
Inc., Flagstaff, Arizona.
Night ceremonial dances are shown
on the opposite page. Tribal
dances are important parts of the
Indians' religious and social life.
These rituals, as well as the color­ful
costumes worn, have been
faithfully handed down through
the centuries from one generation
to the nex.t.
13 ANNUA L
So.uihWlUt
To THE MANY thousands of Indians
all over the southwest, Flagstaff re­mains,
as it has been since it first
took form so many years ago when its
fine cold mountain water springs made it
a favored camping and trading point for
Indians and those few early day trap­pers,
traders and seekers for free fron··
tier home sites-it represents a good,
• • •
ALL INDIAN
friendly place to gather for good times.
As in the past, the Indians now come
to Flagstaff to enjoy themselves, buy and
trade, hold social and religious dances
and to visit with old friends and meet
new ones. Back in the old days the In­dians
gathered here a few at a time and
enjoyed the hospitality of the white trad­ers.
Later the whites increased and more
Leon Sundust, popular Maricopa Indian ?'odeo performer, is one of the outstand­ing
cowboys in roping and bulldogging contests.
p OU). - 'kJOU).
substantial stores were erected to replace
the temporary trading posts. Then the
railroad, the sawmill and its growing
lumber trade and the increase of cattle
and sheep men caused the little settle­ment
beside the cool mountain water
spring to grow into a rugged little town.
The Indians continued to visit Flagstaff
regularly. The towering, snow covered
San Francisco peaks just north of the
little town have a part in the legends
and religious beliefs of these Indians and
Flagstaff at the foot of these peaks had
come to be regarded as a good place, a
place where people were friendly. It re­mained
a place for tribes to gather to
compete in games, to hold horse races,
dance and feast.
Gradually the whites decided that one
or more days each year during the sum­mer
should be set aside for the enter­tainment
of their Indian friends. During
these days free food was given in abund­ant
quantities. Gradually, too, the In­dians
all over the southwest learned
about these specially set aside days and
annually made their plans to come to
Flagstaff to partake of the free feast
provided by the whites. Naturally, as the
number of Indians gathered at one time
increased, the schedules of games and
dances grew, and the competition of
tribes to excell in skills and win out in
horse races became more keeh.
Thus the present Pow-Wow grew, all
out of the Indians' own making and the
friendliness of the Flagstaff white resi­dents.
Finally the annual Indian celebration
became so large a.nd unweildy that an
organization was formed by the whites
to work the year 'round to make prepar­ations
for these annual visits and fun
fests staged by the Indians. The organi­zation
was later incorporated as Pow­Wow,
Inc., and the celebration became
known as the Southwest All-Indian Pow­Wow.
The organization, composed of
Flagstaff business and professional men,
perpetuated only to help make the nec­essary
arrangements for the Indians. The
celebration is still an Indian fun fest. Ad­mission
is charged to help defray the cost
of providing the large amounts of food
giyen free to the Indians and to help
provide prizes for Indian performers.
There is no attempt made to gain profit
from the celebration. In fact the Flag-
sta.ff merchants each year contribute sev­eral
thousands of dollars to make the
celebration possible.
At no other place in the world is there
such a strictly voluntary celebration
staged in such colorful fashion. Ten
thollsr.nd Indians come to Flagstaff an­nually
during Pow-Wow time, represent­ing
more than 20 tribes of the south­west.
They come by foot, horseback, in
wagons and cars and trucks. Like whites
going to a fair, they come here in all
their finery and they bring their choicest
rugs, jewelry, pottery and other types
of handicraft to barter off to whites or
to other Indians.
A Big Three Day Cele­bration
Staged By 10,000
Indians Who Will Gath­er
Here July 4-5-6, 1941
This is the 13th annual Southwest All­Indian
Pow-Wow, as an organized cele­bration.
Each year it has grown bigger
and better. Each year better horses are
brought in for the horse races and each
year the competition grows more keen in
the rodeo contests and in desire to win
acclaim for their tribes for outstanding
performance of ceremonial dances.
This year promises to be another step
in the steady growth of this most enter­taining
of all frontier spectacles. Again
the celebration will be held three days,
afternoon and night, July 4, 5 and 6.
Above is Willie Riggs, well known
Navajo cowboy from Leupp. Willie
and his brothers a1"e popular with
Pow-Wow rodeo fans .
•
At the left are two Hopi girls dressed
for one of their many ceremonial
dances. The Hopis, living in apart­ment-
like pueblo villages on the high
mesa fiingers northeast of Flagstaff,
seem to almost live for dancing. There
are dances for every occasion. Cos­tumes
are beautiful.
The Night Program
A full two-hour program of ceremonial
and social or fun dances, chants and
antics are held, starting at 8 p. m. each
of the three days.
The ceremonials are serious, religious
affairs, just as sacred to the Indians as
are the church rituals to the whites, and
the Pow-Wow committee asks the white
spectators to bear this in mind and show
only respect for the age-old religious
beliefs of their Indian brothers.
Costumes are beautiful, striking in
brilliant colors and trimmed with beads,
silver, feathers and other materials typ­ical
of the various tribes repres~nted.
These costumes, the weird chants and
primitive dances are added to by the
excellent campfire setting, with its pueblo
and pine forest background, all making
one of the most beautifully pagan, al­most
unreal attractions that a white
audience has had the opportunity to
witness.
Among the dances will be the Zia
Crow and Buffalo dances, Jemez Eagle
dance, the sensational Navajo Fire dance,
Above are scenes /'rom the all-Indian Rodeo, held in the afternoons every day of the Pow-Wow, bulldogging, exciting horse
races and bucking bronchos. In the center is .shown Doc Williams, local merchant, presenting his silver trimmed saddle to
the Indian boy whose horse won the big saddle race last year.
Here are typical scenes on the Pow-Wow grounds outside the grandstand. Indians come to the Pow-Wow for the same rea­sons
whites go to fairs. They visit with old friends they seldom see except during the annual Flagstaff celebration, swap, buy
and sell and enjoy the carnival.
A young buck takes time out for romance and treats his two girl friends with
ice cream cones. Ice cream, watermelons and the merry-go-round are the popula?"
temptations for Indians at Pow-Wow time.
Hopi Butterfly dance, Piute Coyote
dance, San Juan Deer dance, Zuni Pot­tery
ceremony, Taos Hoop dance, Kiowa
war dance and Rabbit dance, the Apache
Devil dance and others, almost too many
to mention. The spectacular Cheyenne­Arapahoes
will be back and give a group
of dances. Also the Maricopas will return
from southern Arizona, the Pow-Wow
ceremonials inspiring them to revive
many of their tribal dances which they
had almost lost through close contact
with white civilization. The tribe of
Havasupais will be present, coming from
their beautiful, isolated home in a sma]}
canyon tributary of Grand Canyon. Wal­apais,
Mohaves, Lagunas and other tribes
will be well represented.
The Afternoon Rodeo
To provide a more varied schedule of
entertainment for the Indians, the all­Indian
rodeo was adopted in .1937. Pre��vious
to that date the afternoons were
taken up by Indian games, fun dances
and a few horse races.
N ow the rodeo is one of the most pop­ular
features of the entire celebration.
Indians are excellent horsemen and many
of them have mastered the tricks of the
cowboy trade. Above all, the Indians
enjoy the rodeo events for the thrills
they get out of them. There is no other
rodeo in the country quite like the Pow­Wow
all-Indian afternoon show. The
livestock is wild, fresh from the reser­vation
ranges and from other sparsely
populated sections of the southwest and
Old Mexico.
There are broncho saddle and bareback
riding, steer riding, wild cow milking,
calf roping, cowpony races, free-for-a!!
races, team tying, chicken pulls and all
the other contests typical of rodeos- ·­plus
the fun loving, daredevil, fiercely
competitive spirit of the Indian contest­ants.
Indian beauties line up for the judges' approval. Competition is keen in this annual contest.
"Hopi Craftsman" E xhibition at the Museum
~~T H E HOPI
e~e~
CRAFTSMAN "
THE Museum of Northern Arizona will
open its unique Indian Arts exhibi­tion,
the 12th Annual "Hopi Crafts­man",
on July 2 and the exhibition will
continue through the 6th.
As the visitor opens the great doors
of the Museum and enters the cool shady
interior, he passes across a magic thres­hold
and enters a new world. Looking
out from the shade of a high Spanish
room into a sunlit patio, the columns of
a great window frame a beautiful pic­ture
of natIve Hopi life and industry.
Above the scene blue peaks stand forth
against a sky of turquoise with its cream
white clouds.
The weaver, the old embroiderer, the
12th SEASON
at
THE mUSEUm Of
nOR TH ERn A R I Z 0 n A
FORT VALLEY ROAD
July 2 through July 6
Open Daily, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m.
NO ADMISSION CHARGE
basket maker, the potter and the silver­smith,
each with their crude materials
and hand fashioned equipment, will
create before your eyes the beautiful
crafts of their people. Each worker in his
setting is a correct and colorful picture,
a living habitat group.
These native craftsmen will demons­trate
to vistors the art of pottery mak­ing
without a wheel, from the shaping of
raw clay to the firing of the finished pot,
basket making of several kinds, using
primitive materials and dyes, and blanket
weaving, for which the yarn is carded
and spun by hand. Few white people to­day
can understand how native Indian
products are so expertly made without
An Oraibi Basket Maker at work dU'fing
the Exhibition.
the mechanical aids upon which we are
so dependent. In our European culture
the potter's wheel and spinning wheel,
has been in use for over 3000 years, but
the American Indian has never used
either one. It is difficult for us to un­derstand
how the beautiful colors in bask­ets
and blankets can be produced from
the dyes of native plants.
We have forgotten that our grand­mothers
used similar dyes and practical­ly
the same technique, not so very long
ago.
Gay awnings shade the covered por­tales
that enclose the gardens of the
patio. Here the arts of the Hopi will be
shown, pottery, basketry of many types,
textiles and embroideries, silver and tur­quoise
jewelry, carved and painted ka­china
dolls, drums, moccasins, and dec­orative
paintings.
Of all the pueblo peoples in existence
today, the Hopi alone still make the
same articles made by their ancestors
before the coming of the Spanish 400
years ago, yet the pressure of modern
civilization in recent years has caused a
decline in many of their arts.
The Hopi Craftsman Exhibition was
organized 12 years ago as a cooperative
undertaking to stimulate Hopi handi­crafts
and to create a high class market
for superior goods. Every object in the
exhibition is personally selected in the
villages, by members of the Art depart­ment
of the Museum. Many prizes are
awarded in the various classes of ma··
terials and everything is done to stimu­late
pride in craftsmanship and adher­ence
to the best native tradition. Each
craftsman places his own valuation upon
his work and the Museum sells for them,
without profit to the institution. The
work of the 12 Hopi villages is displayed
in individual groups in order to show the
craft specialties of each town, such as
decorated pottery from the villages on
First Mesa, coiled basketry from the Sec­ond
Mesa group, and wicker basketry
from the Third Mesa villages. While
textiles and an interesting v.ariety of
decorative and utility objects are made
by all the Hopis.
The Hopi themselves regard the ex­hibition
as an opportunity to build up
an individual reputation for workman­ship,
as well as an appreciative market
for their finest material. The Museum
has also established a worthwhile mail
order business for Hopi material and en­courages
all craftsmen to put their in­dividual
mark or name on their work,
thus associating the name of the crafts­man
with the character of his work.
The American Indian as an artist and
a craftsman is coming into his own. The
art world of today fervently believes that
it has gone modern. As a matter of fact,
"there is nothing new under the sun"
and the tired world of art is unconscious-
"Grandmother" Polimana demonstrates
the art of pottery making.
ly reverting to the simplified refreshing
forms of the art of primitive man. Mod­ern
part and the modern designer are
no longer concerned with the telling of
a story, their work deals with abstract
form. Upon a given space there is ar��ranged
a series of shapes and colors,
in a manner complimentary to one an­other,
so that the eye is content with the
composition for its own sake. With this
reawakening of appreciation we have be­come
aware of the art of our own Ameri­can
Indian and his possibilities as a de­signer
for the modern American home.
Indian Art, especially that of the Pueblo
dwellers and the Navajo, are particular­ly
well adapted to the taste of today.
They are masters of design and its adap­tation
to simple and dignified forms.
They are lovers of color. It is inter­woven
with their lives. The bright colors
of their own desert world glow in their
blankets, their pottery, their baskets,
their turquoise and their rich embroidery.
Hopi arts and crafts date far back in­to
the prehistoric past. In the Basket
Maker stage dating before 700 A. D.,
the art of basketry reached a very high
point. The ceramic arts probably came
into the Hopi area around 700 A. D.
and passed thru various stages of de­velopment
until it reached its highest
artistic expression in the yellow wares
of the 15th century. About 1898, Dr.
J. W. Fewkes of the Smithsonian Institu­tion
excavated a 15th century site known
as Sikyatki, and the women of First
Mesa were so charmed with the lovely
prehistoric pottery designs that they be­gan
to copy them. Curiously enough, to­day
the designs on pottery made for
trade are a development from this an­cient
type.
Weaving is also an ancient craft.
Finely but simply woven cotton cloth
fragments date back to about 800 or 900
A. D. The Hopis have grown their own
cotton for many centuries, we know, be­cause
it has been found in the ruins, and
because the early Spanish Expeditions
in the 1500's describe the fields of cot­ton
they passed through. The Spaniards
were pleased to find peoples in Arizona
and New Mexico civilized enough to
weave cloth, and they exacted from them
each year, a tax of a certain number
of yards of cotton cloth, which was used
for clothing the army, etc. The Spanish
brought with them sheep, and it was not
long before the Hopis and other Pueblo
Indians became just as expert weavers of
wool fabrics, as of cotton.
The type of cotton the Hopis grew
until recent times is called Gossypium
hopi. The Plants are low bushes and
the bolls produced are about the size of
walnuts, and yielding 3 small tufts of
cotton fiber. The seeds were removed
Hopi Pottery Jar
by hand, and the carding had to be done
in a primitive way without the use of
earders which are used today. Such a
small bit of fiber was secured from each
boll that it is amazing to think that cot­ton
robes measuring 4V2 to 6 feet in size
were made. What a lot of precious cot­ton
had to be stored up over a long time
before such a robe could be made! Cot­ton
is much more difficult to card and
spin than wool, and surely the people
were pleased to have Spanish sheep.
Everyone must .have been much better
and more warmly clothed when every
family had its own flock of sheep.
Hopi products today are of three
sorts: (1) articles produced primarily
for trade or sale, such as decorated pot­tery,
blankets and rugs, deep baskets of
wicker and coiled types, etc. These are
the items traders buy and sell to curio
dealers throughout the country. (2)
Articles produced for their own every­day
use, cooking pots and storage jars,
dl'esses, belts, men's robes, and blankets,
and burden baskets. Articles of this
class are generally not sold to traders,
and are rarely seen on the market. At
the Hopi Craftsman Exhibition all of
these things are available to the collector.
(3) Ceremonial articles which are es­pecially
made for ceremonial use. These
include all textiles made of cotton, va­rious
special types of decorated pottery
and baskets. Drums, rattles, kachina
dolls and the ceremonial paraphernaila
are also produced. Some of these ar­ticles
are not considered as ceremonial
until they have been used in a ceremony,
while others have a sacred value and are
never seen by white people. Many of the
aforementioned group can be seen at the
Hopi Craftsman, but not often at trad­ing
stores.
Tawameinewa weaver of Shungopovi.
ca'l'ding wool for his exhibition blanket.
More valuable than gold is water in the semi­arid
sections of the Southwest. The government
built tanks and constructed irrigation systems to
make the vast reservations more productive and
better places to live on.
j MODERN version of the "winning of 11 the West" is being enacted by the
United States Office of Indian Af­fairs.
Bringing water to parched and eroded
lands on which Indians are struggling to
earn their livelihood, John Collier, Com­missioner
of Indian Affairs, has reported
to Interior Secretary Harold L. Ickes,
that a total of 1,862 water sources now
exist on the great Navajo Reservation
of New Mexico, Arizona and Utah.
Water in some of the semi-desert re­gions
of the vVest is almost the equiva­lent
of gold and for this reason the in­crease
of water sources from 240 in 1928
to 1,862 in 1941 represents an encourag­ing
improvement in Navajo economy.
Similar achievements in other areas are
now being surveyed and will be made the
subject of reports as rapidly as the fig­ures
can be tabulated, Mr. Collier stated.
During the past year the Navajo Serv­ice
produced 20 new deep weels, while
the program for the year calls for 33
new deep wells and rehabilitation of 60
old wells.
In addition to the development of water
for domestic and stock purp~ses on the
Reservation, Navajo farmers are busy on
Paul Saufkie, Hopi Silversmith.
65 active irrigation projects. The far­mers
predict 1941 bumper crop of corn,
melon, beans and grain.
"Water development is a major ob­jective
of the Navajo Service," the Com­missioner
said. "There still exists, how­ever,
the need for a wider distribution of
water. A large expenditure is proposed
for extensive water development this
year."
Stock and domestic units on the Reser­vation
include:
Drilled wells, 221; dug wells, 507;
springs developed, 672; tanks construct­ed
198, and charcos built, 265.
Major water development on the Res­ervation
has been executed by Navajo
Civilian Conservation Corps workers.
Approximately 1000 Indian boys are now
enrolled under the Navajo CCC program
which includes instruction courses de­signed
to teach the boy better agricul­tural
and livestock practices as applied
to problems peculiar to their Reserva­tion.
Thus the increase in life-giving water
is not only responsible for an immediate
economic gain to the affected areas, but
what is equally important, the work
teaches the young Indians the methods
of developing their own land. I t also
develops initiative and resourcefulness in
combatting conditions which in the past
may have seemed almost hopeless.
"Those who say the Indian is lacking
in alertness, inventiveness and industry
need only to look at the results on al­most
any reservation to find a complete
refutation," Mr. Collier said.
Weaver's
Curios
In Commercial Hotel Lobby
Genuine Indian Jewelry
Rugs
Southwestern Souvenirs
Zuni Indians parading th1'ough Flagstaff. Note the Z uni women in the r ear carrying pottery on their heads.
PEOPLE living in communities close
to the Hopi country know that the
Hopis are very good neighbors; the
Hopis are very well behaved and orderly,
and are not in the habit of shirking their
duties or responsibilities. To the people
who know Hopis the following letter to
Sidney P. Osborn, governor of Arizona,
from Sam Shing, chairman of the Hopi
tribal council, makes very good sense:
Hopi Reservation,
Keams Canyon, Ariz.
May 27, 1941.
Governor State of Arizona,
State Capitol Building,
Phoenix, Arizona.
My Dear Mr. Governor:
This is to inform you of the feeling
on the Hopi reservation, following the
trial and conviction of six Hopi Indian
GOOD CITIZENS
boys from Hotevilla Hopi village on the
23rd of this month, for evading the
Selective Service laws of the United
States.
Writing on behalf of the majority of
the Hopi people, whom I represent, I
want to say that we Hopi people do not
want to be discredited for the actions
of these boys, and the others who have
supported them.
The majority of the Hopi people are
just as patriotic as any good citizens of
the United States, and are willing to
defend the Democracy of this country
against any aggressor nation.
In fact, we have at present a number
of Hopi boys serving in the United
States army, of whom we are very
proud; those Hopi boys in the army are
the sons of some of our most respected
Hopi men.
1 want to thank you for your kind at­tention
to this letter, and I hope we
Hopi people, as a whole, are not looked
at in the eyes of our government, both
state and federal, as violators of the
laws.
Thanking you again, I remain,
Sincerely yours,
SAM SHING,
Chairman, Hopi Tribal
CounciL
CARRISO MOUNTAINS
(Apache County)-Located close to the
Utah line in the Northeast corner of the
county and the Navajo Indian Reserva­tion.
Even the youngste1's are veteran membe?'s of many of the tribal dance teams. In many tribes it is more difficult to gain"
,membe1'shi1J in dance g1'OUpS or clans than it is for young whites to c1'ash an exclusive frate1'nity or lodge. F1"equently mem­mership
is handed down fr'om father to son and eligible youngsters train religiously for the honor of taking part in these
rituals.
INDI ANS GO ON WARP A TH AGAIN
<J1ud. <JUne <Ja eJleIp <J1te '/,(HiieJ. Staiu
Many Enlist in American armed forces and tribal council
pledges loyalty and patriotism
T HE va~orous military tradition of the
Amencan Indian, unyieldingly pit­ted
for generations against the white
man, is now being mobilized in defense of
America.
Reminiscent of World war No.1, In­dians
in every part of the United States
are volunteering for services in the
armed forces of the country, according
to reports being received by John Collier
Commissioner of Indian Affairs, from a
large majority of the 200 tribes.
Besides the hundreds entering active
service, many others are preparing them­selves
to serve in various technical ca­pacities
in the defense program. Still
others are making inquiries to learn how
they can best serve their country.
Although frequently disagreeing with
the Federal Government, the Navajo
Tribal Council, representing 50,000
proud and independent Navajos of Ari­zona
and New Mexico, passed a resound­ing
resolution pledging their loyalty and
patriotism. Numerous other groups did
likewise.
Of the 4,579 Navajos who registered
for services in the army some 200 have
been drafted; 178 have enlisted or vol­unteered.
Many of those who appeared
at registration points came with guns
and pack animals ready to take on Euro­pean
armies. One old medicine man said,
"If big troubles come, we'll all fight.
Draft business will be no good."
Among the sons of former great N ava­jo
chiefs who have been inducted or vol­unteered
in the Army are as follows:
Jim Halona and Herman Bowman,
grandson and great-grandson of Man­uelito,
perhaps the greatest Navajo
leader during the exile at Fort Summer
in 1868. Paul Arviso of Crown Point,
grandson of Jesus Arviso famous 1864-
68 Scout. Frank Pesklakai, Crystal,
New Mexico, grandson of Slim Silver­smith,
most famous Navajo silversmith
during 1870-1900.
The Navajos are kept informed of the
up-to-date developments in the European
war and other events. Each Saturday
morning at 10 :00 a. m. the news is broad­cast
over the shortwave radio system
from Station KTGM, Window Rock, Ari­zona.
Url:cle San.t has no kick corning ove1' the soldie'r material p'rovided by the above
strapp'tng.lnd'lan cowbo1js. They are tougher than buckskin, raised on desert dust
and. buckmg ranfle pomes. They will bet their shirt on a hOT$(j race and wrestle
a w1ld-eyed bull for the fun of it. .
Navajo
Tribal Fair
NITSA-HO-NA-NI, which means "the
big meeting" in the Navajo lan­guage,
or the Fourth Annual N a­vajo
Tribal Fair, held at Window Rock,
is expected to draw hundreds of tour­ists
from many parts of the country
as well as more than 10,000 Navajos to
this picturesque community in Septem­ber.
The Fair committee is receiving
daily many inquiries from chambers of
commerce and travel bureaus.
The Tribe's best weavers and silver­smiths
are putting the finishing touche3
on hundreds of exhibits to be entered in
the competitive arts and crafts exhibit.
Many Navajos have already made pro­visions
to enter sheep, cattle and horse3
in that division and reservation farmers
are preparing to enter the keen compe­tition
promised in the agriculture sec­tion.
A feature of the 1940 Fair was the
presentation of a pageant of Navajo his­tory
in which one thousand Navajos
participated. The entire dialogue was
in the Navajo language.
Activities will center around the one­half
mile racetrack where horseracing,
the delight of the Indian, will attract
Navajos to the huge grandstand which
has been carved from a natural hillside.
Other events will be the run of the rodeo
including fast bucking and roping ex­clusively
by the Navajos. The Navajos
jealously regard t he Fair as their own
and no other Indians are invited to par­ticipate
in the rodeo or to enter exhibit
competition, although they are welcome
as spectators.
The Navajo Tribal fairgrounds covers
an aera of sixty acres near Window
Rock, government capitol of the Navajo
Reservation. All structures were built
of native materials by Indian Civilian
Conservation workers and the buildings
and their location combine to make the
fairgrounds one of the most picturesque
spots in the southwest. The fairgrounds
includes a livestock barn with a capacity
for five hundred animals; a buffalo pen;
model irrigation farm and dwelling; ex­hibition
school building; improved ho­gans;
and medical exhibit and field hos­pital
building; refreshment stand; N ava­jo
market; arts and crafts building and
modern rest rooms.
Camping facilities only are available
to visitors on the grounds. Hotel or
tourists court accommodations are at
Holbrook, Arizona, 96 miles southwest of
Window Rock, and Gallup, New Mexico,
27 miles southeast of the Agency head­quarters.
��
The best show of the entire Pow-Wow
celebration is a visit to the village of In­dian
camps in the pine forest north and
west of the grandstand-and it's a free,
continuous show. Don't miss this op­portunity
to see and visit with our In­dian
friends. In the picture at the left
is a Navajo family making themselves at
home. Below is a group of Navajo men
getting a kick out of watching the pe­culiar
antics of white visitors.
THE APACHE Indians, once the dread­ed
scourge of the Southwest, now
live mainly on the 100 miles square
of rugged mountainous country in the
east-central part of Arizona, known as
the San Carlos and Fort Apache Indian
reserva tions.
It is believed the word "Apache" is a
corruption of a Zuni word meaning ene­my.
Although the Apaches are the most
noted, and once the most feared of the
Southwest Indians, they cannot be classed
as real pioneer settlers of this region.
They were still en route from the cold
plains of northwestern Canada when the
early Spanish explorers came through
Arizona and New Mexico. By the middle
of the 17th century they had appeared
and were strongly established in New
Mexico, west Texas, southern Arizona
and northern Mexico. Leading a roving,
hunter's life, these Apaches roamed
widely, raiding and fighting Pueblos and
Pimas. They wandered about in inde-
These invaders from the cold
Northwest took ~vhat they
wanted and strongly resisted
later invasions by the whites.
Made up of roving small un­its,
these aggressive, inde­pendent
people asked no fav­ors
or quarter from anyone­and
gave none.
pendent groups and would fight among'
themselves for hunting grounds.
.They took what they wanted, "found
people living in cliffs, caves and stone
houses and villages." According to leg­ends,
the Apaches overcame the cliff
dwellers and those who lived in house3
and either killed them or drove them
into the "boiling ocean." Perhaps the
"boiling ocean" was the Gulf of Califor­nia
and here the Apaches came in con­tact
with the Mexicans of Spanish des­cent,
starting a war with them that had
lasted 200 years when the first American
white men appeared.
The early American trappers or "moun­tain
men" were treated kindly by the
Apaches but the colonists, arriving later,
were resented. . In fact the Apaches
thought the colonists were another tribe
of whites who had conquered their
friends, the trappers.
A half century of warfare was opened
in 1835. Famous became such chiefs as
Eskiminzin, Cochise and Mangus Col-
This Indian buck and squaw are having a big time whil~ sh~ dresses his long hair so he can look his best at the celebration.
orado, as well as Geronimo, N achez and
the Apache Kid.
The final surrender of Geronimo ill
1886 virtually ended the Apache wars.
In 1860 a 15 mile square strip along
the Gila river was approved as an Apa­che
reservation, but, with the outbreak
of the Civil war, most of the tribe again
went on the warpath. Areas at five points
adjacent to army posts in Apache terri­tory
were approved as a reservation, the
army posts serving mainly as headquar­ters
for dispensing rations to the In­dians.
The Apaches took these govern­ment
issued rations and frequently sup­plemented
them with loot obtained from
raids on white settlers. The Geronimo
unrest period occurred between 1880 and
1885.
Geronimo, a Chiricahua Apache, was
born about 1829 in eastern Arizona near
the headwaters of the Gila river. He
grew up under the canny warfare train­ing
of such chiefs as Cochise and Man­gus
Colorado. He was not a hereditary
chief, but became a war chief because of
No ?'odeo, even an all-Indian rodeo,
is cmnplete without a clown. Here is
Edison Bowman of Tohatchi, N. M.,
having a little fun at the expense of
a bulldogged steer. Edison is one of
several of the Navajo family of Bow­man
boys who regularly come to the
Pow-Wow. All are good cowboys and
all have good race horses. Edison will
be b·ack this year as rodeo clown.
early achievements. Though his band of
followers was small, he became the
shrewdest, most powerful of American
Indians and a formidable foe. He sur­rendered
to General Miles at Skeleton
canyon, Arizona, on condition he would
be protected from civil authorities and
sent out of Arizona. He and his band
were sent to Florida, then to Mt. Vernon,
Ala., and finally to Fort Sill, Okla., where
he died in 1909.
The Apaches lived in wickiups of juni­per,
mesquite or pine poles set a fe\v
inches in the ground, circular form, 12
feet in diameter and 10 feet high. The
tops of the poles are drawn together and
lashed securely, completing a conical
framework. Long grass or straw arc
thrown over this framework and over all
are tied sheets of canvas. In the north­ern
part of the reservation a tight door
GOTgeous costumes of the Cheyenne­Ar
·apahoe (shown left) will be seen
again. These fine looking Indians
come from Oklahoma to participate in
the dance ce?"emonials.
is built, in the southern part a burlap
curtain is used for a door covering.
The Apache women adopted the white
women's dress back in the 70's, a full
skirt of 18 yards of the brightest sateen
or percale, with deep flounce and several
rows of braid. The blouse hangs to the
hips from a smooth yoke, high necked,
full sleeved and more braid but no belt.
Her long hair hangs free. A widow must
wear a cape.
Men wear shirts, levis and cowboy
hats.
The women make excellent baskets,
twined and coiled. The twined, frequently
painted and dyed, are made of squaw­berry,
summac, mulberry. The coiled
baskets are made of yucca, willow and
cottonwood, with designs in black from
devil's claw or martynia.
Meat, corn, beans and pumpkins are
the staple foods. Meat is supplied mainly
from the fine herds of cattle on the
reservations.
Apaches are divided into small loeal
groups, with a popularly selected chief
for each group and in each are smaller
family groups, with a head man for each.
Lawbreakers are dealt with by native
judges and court order kept by native
' ..
Above are Hopi Buffalo dancers.
INDIAN SCHOOLS
MORE than 6,000 Navajo children are
attending Reservation schools, a
great increase over the correspond­ing
period last year.
The additional enrollment is almost
equally distributed between the 47 day
schools and nine boarding schools. Be­cause
of overcrowding of dormitories, it
has been necessary to turn many child­ren
away from the boarding schools.
In a number of communities Indians
police. Children are born into the clan
of the mother and marriage within the
clan is forbidden.
When death occurs in a wickiup, it is
burned, also all personal effects are
burned. The name of a dead person is
never spoken again. Death is regarded
with horror, symbolizing the final victory
of evil, but the Apache does not fear a
corpse so much as does a Navajo.
reported that when they heard during
the first two weeks of school that a
boarding school was full they did not
try to enroll their children, though they
had intended to bring them in. As a re­sult
of this, several communities have
asked for the first time to have day
schools built in their area. These include
Sweetwater, Mexican Hat, Ganado, Tsa­lani,
Wheatfields and Ramah, as well as
Round Rock and Nazlini, which petition
each year for a school, and Iyanbito and
Red Rock, which are asking for the con­struction
of addition class rooms.
The latest survey indicates that about
30.8 per cent, or 13,860 of the Navajos
are children between the ages of 6 and
16, and 23.8 per cent, or 10,710 are be­tween
the ages of 6 and 13. Including
those attending mission, public and non­reservation
schools, about half the child­ren
who might be expected to attend
school are not enrolled anywhere.
•
• Last of the great Navajo
Chieftains, makes plea for
aid to Mother Nature
•
NAVAJO Indians at their meetings
sometimes apathetically grant the
white man time to tell them that
their reservation is rapidly being washed
away because of overstocking and im­proper
range management, but when
Chee Dodge recites the range dangers
that threaten the tribe, they listen at­tentively
and believe him.
Chee, white-thatched, jewel-bedecked
mediator of the reservation, is the last
of the great Navajo chieftains. Because
he is one of the tribe's most successful
stockmen and a natural leader, he is
often looked to by other headmen for the
last word.
His speech at Pinon before a colorful
crowd of his tribesmen is regarded by
government officials and traders as a
classic of Indian reasoning and oratory.
His remarks were interpreted as fol­lows:
"Sixty-eight years ago we came back
from Fort Sumner. At that time we were
just a small band. We also owned a very
small band of stock. But, up to this day,
we are told we have increased to 50,000.
Also, our stock increased tremendously
with us.
"At that time we had plenty of grass
for our stock. We just kept increasing
our stock, thinking nothing about the
grass our stock eats, thinking nothing
about the soil the grass grew from, think­ing
nothing about our Mother Earth.
"Years back a person could almost see
the grass sprouting right after the
rains. And after it rained you could walk
on the soil and it would sound like you
were walking in the snow-cracking un­der
your soles. But now the ground is
just like cement. The only thing a person
hears cracking are his knee-joints from
walking on the hard ground.
"Now what do you hear after it rains?
You hear nothing but roaring of water
down these gUllies. Weare told, and if
you just do a little thinking you will
realize that these gullies are made from
soil exhaustion.
"We have killed the grass with out
stock, running them all over the reser­vation.
Every time we herd our sheep
we have a small dust-storm following
our herd. Maybe all those small dust
storms from our herd form together and
make a big dust storm east of us.
Nolnishe of Leupp, A ?"izon a, one of the first of the Navajo cowboys, is now
content to sit astride his horse and look on as the younger fellows compete in
the rodeo events.
"We have nobody to blame but our­selves.
The government did not help us
kill the richness of our soil. Washong­doon
never did herd any sheep or cattle
on our reservation.
"My dear people, after 68 years we
have enjoyed everything from our stock
-we've got plenty of jewels we like,
we've got everything to our heart's con­tent.
We never thought of all those good
times, of all this good turquoise we have
now as coming from our Mother Earth­by
feeding our stock with grass. We are
slowly killing what's left of the grass
by running our stock over it, giving no
chance for the grass to live again.
"Now all of us old-timers have en­joyed
the fruits of the earth; but what
do you think of the coming generation?
What do you think of those babies some
of you are holding now? Will they en­joy
the same things that we have en­joyed?
"My people, let me tell you right here,
they could if we give our Mother Earth
the proper treatment she needs now.
She is slowly dying, and I have already
told you the reasons why.
"Let's get behind the government and
help treat our soil so grass of all kinds
may be rehabilitated for our stock."
Above ·and on the oppoBite page aTe some of the scenes from the all-Indian rodeo of last year, pictured evidence of why
white spectators say it is the best show of its kind in the world. TheRe Indian boys have fun doing the things that most
white men couldn't be hired to do .
Thousands of Indians from 20 southwestern tribes don their best to parade daily through the downtown streets of Flag­staff
during the three big days of their annual Pow-Wow.
THE HAVASUPAI INDIANS
PROBABLY the most remarkable and
certainly the most beautiful place
in Arizona is Cataract canyon, home
of the Havasupai Indians, lying within
Grand Canyon National park and a tri­butary
canyon to Grand Canyon.
Hemmed in by red sandstone walls that
tower nearly 3,000 feet above the can­yon
floor, the Havasupai reservation is
very small and extremely isolated but its
limited acres are fertile and its scenery
spectacular in its charm and beauty.
Originally, in 1880, the reservation
was a tract of land five miles wide and
12 miles long, surrounding the inhab-ited
part of Cataract canyon. The size
was reduced two years later to the can­yon
bottom land, taking an area of 518.6
acres around the settlement of Supai.
The popUlation is slightly over 200 and
it is believed the tribe has never num­bered
over 300.
Cataract canyon is almost semi-trop­ical.
Supai, surrounded as it is by high
cliffs, enjoys a temperature that is 10 to
12 degrees warmer the year 'round than
the higher plateaus. Frequently the tem­perature
reaches 112 degrees in the sum­mer.
There are two pack trails into the
canyon, one coming from Seligman and
entering the side of the canyon not far
above Supai and the other coming from
Grand Canyon village and dropping down
over the precipitous north end of the
canyon, 14 miles above Supai. About 12
or 13 miles down from the canyon rim
over which the Grand Canyon trail
winds, almost within sight of Supai,
Cataract creek bursts out of the sandy
canyon floor and rushed down past the
Indian village and over a series of cliffs
and smaller drops, forming a series of
the most beautiful waterfalls and cas­cades
that anyone would hope to see.
.'
The largest of these is Mooney falls,
almost 200 feet.
The wat~r, after passing underground
through many miles of limestone for­mation,
is heavily impregnated with cal­cium
and magnesium carbonate, calcium
sulphate and magnesium chloride. These
mineral salts in the water cause the for­mation
of fantastic stony deposits along
the pathway of the creek and giving a
bright turquoise color to the water.
Havasu means blue or green water
and pai means people, thus the tribal
name has the meaning of Blue-water
people.
The Havasupais, the neighboring Wal­apais
to the west and the Yavapais have
similar languages that are dialects close­ly
related to the language of the Mohave
and Yuma Indians.
First written record of the Havasupais
date from 1776 when Padre Francisco
Garces, a Spanish mission priest, stopped
in the little canyon. For the next hundred
years there was little contact with
whites, except for occasional visits by
trappers, prospectors and exploring par­ties.
No active interest was taken by
the government until 1892 when a gov­ernment
farmer was sent to the canyon
to instruct the people in better methods
of farming and use of metal implements.
Corn, beans and squash are staples
grown, also some onions, tomatoes, mel­ons
and other garden vegetables. Fruit
crops include peaches, nectarines, apri­cots
and figs. The peaches are said by
the Havasupais to have been introduced
by John D. Lee, a Mormon who lived as
a fugitive in the canyon for several years
Clyde Peshlakai, head man of the small band of Navajos that live on and near
the Wupatki National Monument. Clyde is a hard working, progressive Indian.
He recently built an adobe and rock house, with a glassed window, for his winter
home. Sally, his wife, is one of the best of the Navajo weavers.
following 1857. In fact the branch of the
canyon into which the Grand Canyon
trail enters is called Lee's canyon.
Ownership of arable land is commun­al,
but the use may be sold or inherited.
Inheritance passes through the male
line. A widow and unmarried daughters
may share in the use of the land but
cannot lay any claim to it. Men own and
herd the horses and cattle and the men
are also owners of the houses and the
land on which they stand. Personal ef­fects
and tools and utensile are owned
indjvidually.
The Havasupai is an excellent horse­man
and packer. He is also a good roper,
since he must help round up and break
the herd of wild horses that roams the
upper canyon. They use the horses to
ride and to pack trade goods in and out
of the canyon. Havasupai horses are
usually good ones and well broken, hence
they find a ready market in the Hopi,
Navajo and Walapai reservations.
Sweat lodges serve as sort of club
houses for the men. These are dome­shaped
structures about six feet in di­ameter,
about four feet high built of
sapling framework covered by brush or
thatch and set over a foot deep pit. The
dirt floor is covered by grass or leaves,
except for a space at the left of th8
entrance, which is left bare for placing
of heated stones.
During hot midday it is customary for
the men to rest in these sweat lodges
and the sweating proves refreshing.
Water is thrown on the rocks to make
steam and increase sweating. When the
men come out of the lodges, after being
inside 10 minutes to an hour, they either
plunge into the stream nearby or lie on
the sand to rest until their turn comes
to go into the lodges again. It is cus­tomary
for a man to go into the lodge
four times during an afternoon.
Occasionally family sweatings are en­joyed,
when the wife and children ac­company
the man. Sweating is also used
as a curative for sickness.
Below the village is a tangled wilder­ness
of shrubs and trees rarely visited
by the Indians because they believe it
is haunted by ghosts of the dead. Usual­ly
only shamans or medicine men see
ghosts, but occasionally others see them.
Ghosts are said to always be forebearers
of evil and anyone seeing one will im­mediately
become sick.
CANYON DIABLO
(Coconino County) dee-ahb-loh.-Span­ish
meaning "ravine of the devil." It is a
typical canyon in the Kaibab limestone,
225 feet deep and 550 feet wide. Located
a short distance East of Flagstaff. Alti­tude
5,429 feet.
THE! t
PERCHED high on three rocky mesas
in the northeastern section of Ari­zona,
within easy driving distance
from Flagstaff, are the nine present day
villages of the Hopi Indians.
Hopitu, the "Peaceful Ones," is the
tribal name of the Hopis. Their language
is of Ute-Azetecan stock, which extends
from southern Idaho to Mexico City.
However, it is not so closely related to
any of the kindred Indian languages as
is the Navajo and Apache.
First written record of the Hopi dates
from the Coronado expedition in 1540,
when the Spanish conquistadores came
to Hopiland from Zuni and named the
region the province of Tusayan. They
left Franciscan missionaries behind to
INDIANS
convert the Hopi to Christianity but the
attempt failed.
Though there is little to indicate that
the Hopis were affected by political or
religious influence, the Hopis acquired
a great deal from the Spanish to influ­ence
their economic life. Sheep, cattle,
mules, burros, horses, new seeds (partic­ularly
fruit trees), wagons and metal
tools were obtained from these earl.v
Spanish.
Later, when the Americans came in
and established the reservation system,
the Hopis were given schooling and
adopted the white man's clothing, stoves,
modern cooking utensils and other trade
goods.
All of these new economic elements
made life easier but they did not affect
the Hopi society or religious ceremonies
to any apparent extent. Today their
economics is so well balanced that the
Hopis are practically self-supporting.
The food supply is based on cultivation
of corn, beans and squash, supplemented
by chili, onions, melons and other re­cently
acquired foods. Meat is supplied
by their herds of sheep or by that ob­tained
from Navajos through trade. Corn
is the staff of life, much more so than
wheat is to the white civilizations.
A man works for his mother's house­hold
before marriage and for his wife's
household after marriage. A woman's
affiliation with the house in which she
These smiling squaws, also the rather stern looking buck in the background, are enjoying r-iding the painted wooden
ponies on the men"y-go-round at the Pow-Wow carnival.
You'll see Indians on foot, in wagons, asb"ide horses and in cars, trucks and busses-thousands of them-in the daily
noon-time parades that wind miles long through the streets of Flagstaff.
is born is continuous throughout her
life.
Formerly all types of property except
clothing and ceremonial apparel and
equipment were owned by the women.
Children belong to their mother's clan,
a husband farms in a field of his wife's
clan and brings crops to his wife's house.
Today, though, a man owns such proper­ty
as domestic animals and wagons,
adopting the Spanish system of owner­ship
for those things introduced by the
Spanish.
Although there are many religious
ceremonies and devices observed and
used faithfully by Hopis to insure good
crops, these Indians also employ many
scientific techniques in agriculture and
they are among the most successful dry
farmers in the world. Whenever possible
a field is selected lying between two
mesas so plants will have the benefits
of runoff of summer rains and seepage
underground.
Planting begins in the middle of Ap­ril.
A digging stick, two feet long, with
a foot rest to permit the user to add
the weight of his body in sinking the
tool into the ground, is commonly used.
It is made of greasewood, flattened at
one end. A hoe is also used with the
digging stick to clear and loosen the
ground. A planting stick. is used to plant
the seeds. About a dozen seeds are plant­ed
in each hole dug and the holes are
about five paces apart. Beans, squash
and melons are often planted between
corn rows.
The first sweet corn ripens by mid­July
and is distributed by kachinas dur­ing
the Home dance. The kachinas are
supernatural beings who live in the San
Francisco peaks and annually come to
spend the growing season with the Hopis
to insure bountiful crops for those Hopis
who have met with the kachinas' ap­proval.
Other crops mature up until the
end of October. Corn is always husked
in the field and is brought and laid on
house roofs to dry, then piled in neat
rows in the storeroom of the house.
The Hopi house is built of stone and
adobe, usually consisting of two rooms.
The front room has an outside door
and a window or two. The back room is
usually windowless and is the storeroom,
for housing utensils not in use, ceremon­ial
paraphernalia and stored crops. A fire­place,
with a stone for making piki, is
generally found in one corner of the
back room of the older houses. Modern
homes have separate small buildings for
the fireplace. Piki is Hopi bread, made
of thin batter of blue cornmeal mixed
with a tiny quantity of wood ashes and
spread on the piki stone and soon dries
paper thin.
Note the bale of hay in this wagon. These two squaws hitched up and drove in the daily Pow-Wow parade in order to
get this hay which is given fr ee to those entering wagons in the parades.
LENORE Hart, a Cheyenne maiden
from Oklahoma, and Mary Jane
Waconda, Laguna maiden from New
Mexico, tied for first place in the beauty
contest for young squaws last year. For
the first time in the history of the Pow­Wow
the judges were unable to decide on
the winner and finally threw up their
hands and declared the contest a draw
between these two lovely maidens.
The better papoose contest went to
Corinna Ann Trujillo, 2-year-old daugh­ter
of Rocita A. Trujillo, San Juan Pueb­lo
Indian from Chemita, N. M. Second
prize went to Emma Jean and Diane, 3-
year-old twins of Mrs. Edward Nequat­ewa,
and third place went to Shirley
Carolyn Begay, ll-months-old daughter
of Mrs. Elmer Begay.
The beauty contest is held the first
afternoon of the Pow-Wow and the
papoose contest on the second day, the
rodeo events being halted for these two
popular features of the celebration.
Compliments
of
CRAS. M. PROCTOR
Supervisor District No.3
WILLIAMS
APPRECIA TION
We wish to express our a p­preciation
for the Indian ma­terial
gleaned from the many
bulletins issued by the Ari­zona
State Teachers College
of Flagstaff. Much of the in­formation
about the tribes of
the Southwest that is printed
in this souvenir magazine was
supplied by these bulletins and
we wish to thank Dr. T. J.
Tormey, president of the col­lege,
for allowing this valua­ble
collection of authentic
Indian facts to be used so
freely by the Pow-Wow, Inc.
THE PAP AGO INDIAN S
THE Papago Indians live on three res­ervations
in southern Arizona-the
San Xavier, the Papago and the Gila.
The Papago Reservation, about the size
of the state of Massachusetts, is roughly
rectangular and extends 10 miles south
of Casa Grande to the Mexican border.
Physically it is what is known as range
and basin country. Sharp, bare, low
mountains, deeply eroded, thread from
northwest to southwest and alternate
with wide expanses of plain. Cactus,
palo verde, mesquite and ironwood make
up the vegetation.
The language of the Papago is almost
identical with the Pima Indian and the
Papagos, like the Pimas, belong to the
Uto-Aztecan stock. Papago means bean
people. However, they call themselves
Taw-haw-no Aw'-o-tahm, which means
desert people.
At one time, archaeologists believe,
the Papagos occupied a much larger
territory than now.
In the 16th century the Fray Marcos
de Niza expedition visited the Papago
territory, so did Coronado's expedition
a bit later. In 1697, following Juan Menje
a few years, the celebrated Father Kino
came, with Diego Carrasco, official sur­veyor
for the Spanish crown. Large num­bers
took the oath of fealty to the
Spanish government from Carrasco and
Father Kino baptised many and gave
them Spanish names. Many missions
were founded but the marauding Apaches
began to appear in southern Arizona and
caused most of these missions to be
aba.ndoned during the 18th century.
The Spanish missionaries introduced
domestic animals, farm tools, wheat and
several varieties of legumes, and en­couraged
house building, all of great
value to the economic and social life of
the Papago.
In the late 60's and 70's, soon after
the Gadsden Purchase, American whites
came in to locate mines and establish
stock ranches. They improved water sup­plies
and dug wells. Later the whites
moved away and the Papagos came in
possession of the valued water supplies.
Corn, beans and squash were being
raised by the Papagos when the early
Bob Hansel, director of the Pow-Wow rodeo, is an old time 1'odeo performer
himself and he knows how a rodeo should be run. But he never gets over being
amazed at the spirit and daredevil recklessness shown by the Indi·an performers.
Hansel is shown riding the fine horse owned by Clarence Buddington Kelland,
famous fiction writer of Phoenix.
Even the Indian boy in the back­ground
admires the fine physique and
feather bedecked costume of this state­ly
Cheyenne brave, who comes here
from Oklahoma with a group of Chey­enne-
Arapahoes to participate in the
annu.al Indian fun fest.
Spanish came. Recently acquired foo(1
crops are wheat, chili, onions, melons,
tomatoes and sweet potatoes. Meat no,\-"
comes from the range cattle. The metate
or hand stone for grinding provides most
of the meal for tortilla and other types
of bread.
In addition to the cultivated crops, a.
variety of native foods are used. Acorns
from live oak trees of the mountains are
pa.rched or eaten raw. Leaves of the
creosote bush are used for tea, as a
medicine for colds and for a general
tonic. Spur pepper is used as a condiment
or for cooking with beans and stews.
Flower buds and joints of the chollo
cactus are pit-baked, dried and used with
wild greens as a vegetable stew.
1940 Rodeo
Champions
CALF ROPING: James Wescogo­mie,
first ; Nelson Buane, sec­ond;
Henry Stevens, third.
TEAM TYING: Henry Stevens
and Ed Corsa, first; Ken Park­er
and Cole Russell, second ; Jack
Jones and Wallace Randa tied
for third with Bill Wescogomie
and Ed Corsa.
BAREBACK BRONCHORID­ING:
Ralph Paya, first; Paul
Arviso, second; Lucas Riggs,
third.
SADDLED BRONCHO RIDING:
Herman Bowman, first; Hugh
Sanderson, second; Jack Harly,
third.
BULLDOGGING: Leon Sundust,
first; Herman Bowman, second;
Paul Arviso, third.
STEER RIDING: Willie Riggs,
first; Peter Lee and Curtis Ben­.
i amin tied for second.
Hanging on tight and fanning his wild-eyed cr'itter for more action, this Indian
cowboy is enjoying the time of his life.
Donors of Special Merchandise Prizes
Gouley Burcham Co., Phoenix
1 Case of "Snowdrift"
Alexander-Balart Co., San Francisco
30 Ibs. of "Dineh" Coffee
Arizona Flour Mills, Phoenix
10 Sacks of "Arizona Star" Flour
E. G. Sporleder Co., Phoenix
1 Case of "Karo" Syrup
1 Case of "Borden's" Evaporated Milk
John W. Spalding Brokerage Co., Phoenix
1 Case of "Doumak's" Marshmallows
1 Case of "Heart's Delight" Nectar
1 Case of "Golden Goblet" Orange Juice
1, Case of "Ariz-Own" Grapefruit Juice
12 Sacks of "Major C" Flour
10 Sacks of "Holly" Sugar
Sperry Flour Co., Phoenix
15 Sacks of "Big Tree" Flour
Great Western Cordage Co.
(Through Babbitt Bros., Distributors)
Six Lariats
Plymouth Cordage Co.
(Through N. Porter Co. and Babbitt Bros., Distributors)
Six Lariats
Coe Sales Co., Phoenix
1 Case of "Mission" Coffee
Westex Boot Co.
(Through Babbitt Bros., Distributors)
One Pair of Cowboy Boots
Pendleton Woolen Mills
(Through Babbitt Bros., Distributors)
One "Beaver State" Pendleton Shawl
John B. Stetson Co.
(Through Babbitt Bros., Distributors)
One Stetson Hat
Alexander Hat Co., Reading, Pa.
One Alexander Hat
Levi Strauss
(Through Babbitt Bros., Distributors)
Three Pairs of Levi Pants
California Sportswear
(Through Babbitt Bros., Distributors)
One "Frontier" Leather Jacket
Hershey Chocolate Co., Hershey, Pa.
Hickok Belt Co.
(Through Babbitt Bros., Distributors)
One "Hickok" Belt
Pow-Wow, Inc., regrets that it is unable to
acknowledge in this program the many other
merchandise prizes received after this pro-gram
went to press.
•
Indians on parade, all kinds of th em, in every kind of costume.
Who couldn't have a lot of pleasure with a came1'a, with Indians like the above going by in parade review, extending
miles in length, every noon hour during the three days in Flagstaff's annual Indian celebration?
THE g~ DANCE
oItkdl~
By LEO WEAVER
THE A.FTERNOON is hot ... heat A strange silence hushes the cries of
waves shimmer over the high eagle the Indian children playing in the plaza
mesa overlooking countless miles of ... the dogs stop their fierce barking
Painted Desert. Hundreds of white peo- ... somewhere on the edge of the mesa
pIe, the 'bohannas' sit on adobe house- a burro brays long and loud, and every­tops,
waiting. They have waited hours one laughs quietly. But the laughter is
. . . the Indians have waited a year, stilled suddenly, for a strange sound,
waited centuries, for this same after- never before heard by the 'bohannas,'
noon, and the ceremony, the savage issues from one of the narrow passage­prayer
for rain today will be exactly the ways leading into the dance plaza. It has
same ceremony as it was centuries ago, a hollow, rythmical, yet somehow ap-and
. . . the rain will come! pealing sound.
The sun is still 'two fingers' high - N ext comes the soft slush of deerskin
the white man calls it five o'clock - and mocassins keeping time to the strange
still they wait. hollow sound ... then a stream of In-
These two old fellows are having a lot of fun posing for the camera. They
are Zunis.
dians darkens the passageway. They're
coming! ... the Antelope Priests ... the
ceremony is about to start!
A small, blue gourd rattle is poised
level with each brawny, bare shoulder
as the line of Antelopes circles the plaza
to form a straight line before the fresh
cottonwood-bough 'kisa' where the rattle­snakes
are kept. The Antelopes face the
east ... hideous daubs of white and
black smear their set faces. From the
waist up they are naked ... strangely­colored
blue moccasins adorn the feet-­a
hollow tortoise shell rattles weirdly at
the left knee of each . . . long shining
folds of purple-black hair flow almost to
the waist, for every head in the village
has been freshly washed for this deeply
solemn ceremony, and, the hair is beau­tiful.
With no warning, the tiny blue rattles
all start in unison, then stop . . . now a
low chant begins, scarcely audible to
the nearest spectators ... the voices are
in deadly earnest, when quickly from the
'kiva' and almost running up the ladder
amid flying eagle feathers tied there,
come the Snake Priests themselves, and
they are coming fast. With a determined,
almost defiant mein, their heads inclined
forward, they hurry in a staggered line
toward the waiting Antelopes. Three
times the arena is circled, and they
calmly array themselves in a perfect
formation facing the Antelopes and the
'kisa.' There is no sound. Then in unison
they all chant ... suddenly an Antelope
Priest thrusts a sinewy arm in among
the boughs of the 'kisa' and brings forth
a squirming, fighting rattlesnake which
s
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-. -._ ... - -.--~ swiftly to the four cardinal points where
they will be released far in the plain
below.
Note the strands of beads these two old boys are sporting. You'll find most of
the Indians, all tribes, men as well as women, deck out in Indian made jewelry
that would put the most exotic of costume jewelry to shame.
he quickly hands to a Snake Priest, who,
with no ceremony, draws an Antelope
to him while the two start the slow,
jerky step of the dance around the plaza
... quickly, each Snake Priest in turn
receives a rattler, and soon the arena
is a mass of dancers, each with his
attendant and each with a deadly snake
in his mouth, and generally carrying
one or more in his hands . . . the chant
goes on with never-ending monotony ...
as each circle of the plaza is completed,
the dancer plants a vigorous stomp on
a spot in front of the 'kisa'-this is a
message to the listening Gods below that
the dance is actually in progress.
The snakes have all been handed out
-some have been cast to the smooth
rock floor of the plaza . . . others are
still writhing in the tightly-closed mouths
of the dancers. One dancer is struck by
a snake he has held too tightly in his
mouth ... he does not stop, apparently
has not even noticed the strike! An oc­casional
snake darts with lightning-like
movement toward the closely packed
spectators, but the flash of a dark hand
checks it, throws it unceremoniously
back into the circle of corn meal placed
by the Hopi women for just this purpose.
Dozens of the deadly snakes, it seems,
move in all directions, but not a single
one is allowed to escape. Surprisingly,
all the snakes are suddenly thrown into
the circle of sacred meal . . . the wrig­gling
mass is blessed quickly by more
meal being thrown on them, then in a
sudden, disorganized instant, Indians
grasp handsfull of rattlers and run
BOOKS ON INDIANS
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Gift Shop
3 East Aspen
Everything has been done quickly,
deftly, no mistakes ... it is finished, or
is there more . . . ?
The drama of the snakes has lasted
exactly one-half hour, but it is enough!
. . . enough for the 'bohannas,' and
enough for the Gods!
The crowd of astonished spectators
rushes in confusion to the mesa's edge
to see where the Hopis are going, and
many a 'bohanna' is thrust roughly aside
by the fleeing Indian with his cargo of
fighting rattlers!
Down the steep, rocky stairway to
the plain, they fly on bare feet ... farth­er
and farther they run into the desert,
finally appearing as mere specks in the
distance, still clinging tenaciously to
their weird charges.
A 'bohanna' asks their destination and
someone else (he looks like a trader)
answers that the snakes will be released
among the sands of the desert that they
may carry the message for rain to the
Gods of the Underworld. And the Gods
will hear!
The Hopi has prayed, has chanted his
supplication ... he has danced, has han-
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FOUNTAIN. DRUGS
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dIed the brother snake in tender and
loving embrace. He has sent him on his
sacred mission to the Gods that they
may send, in turn, the precious rain.
By hundreds the 'bohannas" leave the
mesa, marveling at what they have seen.
It has been something new, yet very old
. . . they have seen the deadly rattlers
strike their fangs into the faces, the
heads, the necks of these dancing Hopis,
seen them spout their venom into live,
human flesh . . . but the flesh did not
die!
White, puffy clouds have floated in
unnoticed during the excitement from
somewhere to the West . . . the sky is
darker. Now comes a cool breeze: per­haps
in sympathy with the savage chant
of the Dawn Men, but . . . the sky is
unmistakably darker ... a drop of rain
splashes against · the window pane of a
window near which we stand ... the low
ominous roll of deep thunder echoes
across the endless plain stretching away
to nowhere . . . another drop splashes
... it IS getting dark ... IT IS RAIN­ING
... !
N ow the harvest will be bountiful, the
corn will be full, the peaches will soon
be drying on the house-tops where the
eagles are chained. The dances of
Thanksgiving will be joyous, for have
not the people lived good lives during
the long winter to receive so great a
blessing? The mesa homes, far above
the earth, will be stacked full of red,
blue, and white ears of the corn . . .
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FLAGSTAFF, ARIZONA
We Serve K. C. Sirloins
All carnival riding devices are popula?" with the Indian men and women. Above
are two squaws, a young miss and a middle aged matron, taking a whirl on the
ferris wheel. The young one hasn't decided whether she is going to like it or not,
but the older one seems quite pleased with the situation.
enough to last years, should the Gods
fail to hear at next Snake Dance time.
Or, the Gods might be displeased for, at
times, the mighty cliffs at Chomopavi
and Walpi have splintered, crashing and
rumbling, into the desert below, all at
the command of Spider-Woman who
rules the Hopi World.
Soft wind, laden with fragrance of
the cliff rose, blows gently from the
south ... it is the end of another day
in Hopi Land. and the 'bohannas' have
all gone. Far off, some lover's flute calls
to his maid of the Squash Blossom ... a
war-drum throbs softly from a distant
house-top ... twilight settles over the
vast waves of desert and ... Chomopavi
dreams on through the centuries.
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Clean Quiet
Cool Comfortable
Free Parking Space For Your Auto
One Block North of Highway 66 on Leroux Street
Phone 30 Mr. and Mrs. J. F. Craig
Hopi chanters and d1'ummer making ?'hythm and music for one of the Hopi
cer emonial dances.
T H f In U S f U~ In
By LEO WEAVER
DISTINCTLY a Flagstaff institution,
the Museum of Northern Arizona
occupies an exalted position among
museums of the Southwest. It is a most
excellent institution, of which Flagstaff
is justly proud,
Dr. Harold S. Colton, head of the Mu­seum,
spent many summers in Flagstaff
from hjs duties at the University of
Pennsylvania, and finally decided to make
northern Arizona his home . . . Flagstaff
is proud of the Coltons and esteems them
even more highly today than when they
first came. The idea of a museum is Dr.
Colton's own idea, and was started in
downtown Flagstaff in a portion of the
Women's Club building. It grew by leaps
a.nd bounds and finally lack of space
made it necessary to seek other quarters,
and it was then that he gave suitable
land north of Flagstaff near his home
under the San Francisco Peaks, and
construction of the present museum re­sulted.
Built of mountain malapai rock,
with tile r oof, it is one of the charming
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Rare Navajo Blankets a Specialty
Located in the Heart of the Far-Famed
Western Navajo Empire
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TUBA CITY -.- ARIZONA
buildings in the state. A great open patio
with portales forms a north extensior.
and here the artistic ability of Mrs. Col­ton
is demonstrated in a delightful
mountain garden of native plants and
shrubs, with a pool as the central figure.
Flagstaff congratulates Mrs. Colton
and is indebted to her for the wonderful
art exhibits of every nature that are
held during the summer and fall seasons.
Many artists of note have been invited
to exhibit here.
At Pow-W,ow time, which occurs in
July, the Hopi Craftsman Exhibition is
Make Your First
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M'OTOR
VILLAGE
Highway 66
Cottages
Mr. and Mrs. J ohn Weston,
Managers
* a.)
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Above is Wupa. tki, ruins of one of the most densely populated farming settlements on the North American continent 1100
years ago. In the ruin ,in the foreground live Custodian David Jones and his wife Corky. You'll note the metal containers
for cooking gas in the roofless apartment in the foreground. The ladder on the left of the gas tanks is the only manner of
getting to the door of the Joneses' prehistoric living quarters.
in full swing at the museum. During the
year the Coltons cover the Hopi Reser­vation,
encouraging the Indians to exert
themselves at whatever handicraft they
excel in, and to exhibit it during this
show, so in July one may see the Indians
actually creating their works at the
Museum, and all of the most excellent
creations are placed on exhibit for sale,
each at a very low price. Every article
is sold, the buyer's name placed on the
tag, and everything held until the show
is over, when the buyer may come and
claim his purchase. The returns in full
from the sale of each article goes to the
maker. Mrs. Colton feels this plan en-
IN THE PINES
El Pueblo Motor Inn
Three Miles East of Town on
Highways 66 and 89
-- Unsurpassed In Flagstaff-­Recommended
by Duncan Hines
Member United Motor Courts
A. E. MORTENSEN, Mgr.
courages better workmanship, more
thought and care, and a pride in hi3
work the Indian did not possess until
encouraged by the tireless efforts of the
museum staff.
Everything relating to the physical con­dition
of Northern Arizona may be seen
at the Museum in detail ... great cuts
of tremendous pine trees, showing tree­ring
dating methods, prehistoric tracks,
fossils, a complete review of Arizona
bird life, is all shown. The archaeological
work of the Museum has been vast, and
one may see the remains of ancient
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Established in 1887
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races who inhabited our Flagstaff coun­try
a thousand years ago. Doctor Colton
has located and numbered for explora­tion,
ancient dwelling sites up to and
beyond the 400 mark, many hundreds
of them never touched as yet. He has
been the prime factor in getting several
National Monuments set aside near Flag­staff,
and the results of these efforts
will remain a lasting memorial to Ari­zona
history.
Welcome, Pow-Wow Visitors
To The
HOUSE OF
MIDGLEY
FOOD MARKET
u Watch Us Grow"
OPEN EVENINGS AND
SUNDAYS
One Block North of
Highway 66 on Beaver
FLAGSTAFF, ARIZONA
A family group of Na1Jajos, the squaw trailing far in the rear, riding into town
from their reservation home.
Program Times
and Features
At 12 noon the Indians parade through
the downtown streets of Flagstaff. They
will be in full costume, some on foot and
others on horses or in wagons, cars,
trucks and busses. This parade is miles
long, headed by the Pima all-Indian band
from Sacaton.
The afternoon show opens with a short
band concert at 1:30 and swings into
full, exciting action promptly at 2 o'clock.
So many Indian cowboys enter rodeo
events that eliminations are staged in
the mornings. These eliminations are free
to the public and frequently are as ex­citing
as the regular show.
The night performance starts at 8
o'clock.
A carnival is brought in and set up
near the grandstand, outside the cere­monial
and rodeo grounds, for the en­joyment
of Indians and whites. There
will be plenty of novel riding devices,
soda pop, ice cream cones and water-melons,
all enjoyed so fully by our visit­ing
Indian friends.
Following the night performance the
Indians regularly gather around camp­fires
in the forest surrounding the Pow­Wow
grounds and stage social dances
that last throughout the night until
dawn. Whites are welcome to attend
these gatherings.
Baby and Beauty Contests
Two important features are staged
during the afternoon performances, a
beauty contest for squaws and a better
baby contest for papooses. There is just
as much rivalry among the Indianes in
these contests as there is among the
whites in a bathing beauty or baby
contest.
CAPITALS OF ARIZONA
The first capital was located on the site
of Prescott in 1864, where the first exe­cutive
mansion still stands. In 1867 it
was moved to Tucson by the Fourth Ter­ritorial
Legislature. In 1877 it was moved
back to Prescott. In 1889 it was moved to
Phoenix by the Fifteenth Territorial
Legislature.
One-Day Cleaning
Service
Expert Altering and Repairing
Acme Cleaners
Phone 9 N ext Door to Sears
We keep prices down
Saur and Hutchison
COMPLETE FOOD
MARKET
FLAGSTAFF, ARIZONA
101 West Phoenix Avenue
When you eat here you
feel at home
EL PATIO CAFE
*
Flagstaff's Finest Foods
Wines and Liquors
*
16 East Santa Fe Street
FLAGSTAFF, ARIZONA
CO CONIN O'S
C~ .fanci:
HOW AND WHY YOU SHOU LD SEE I T
POPULATION: 5080. Flagstaff is the
county seat of Coconino county, the sec­ond
largest county in the world with an
area of 18,236 square miles.
ALTITUDE: 7000 feet above sea level.
ATMOSPHERE: Excessively pure, light,
dry, free from smoke and other impuri­ties.
WATER SUPPLY: 100,000,000 gal­lons
storage, from melting snow from
San Francisco Peaks; tested by the State
Bureau of Public Health to be 99.9%
pure. A new water supply, providing a
storage of two billion gallons, is now
under construction.
CLIMATICAL CONDITIONS: Aver­age
annual sunshine is 79% to 84%,
depending upon altitude; average annual
precipitation 19.09 inches; average an­nual
snow precipitation 9 feet; average
temperature for summer 60 degrees.
TRANSPORTATION: A. T. & S. F.
Railroad main line between Kansas City
and Los Angeles; Pacific Greyhound bus
lines; Santa Fe National Trailway bus
line. Flagstaff is at the crossroads in
northern Arizona on U. S. 66 (the San ta
Fe trail) and U. S. 89 (the Mormon
Bridal trail). FACILITIES FOR LOCAL
TRIPS: Stages operating in all direc­tions.
ORGANIZATIONS and CHURCHES:
Flagstaff has 23 civic and fraternal or­ganizations,
12 churches.
EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: Arizo­na
State Teachers College with an aver­age
enrollment of 600; 5 public schools
with an average attendance of 860; Cath­olic
school with an average attendance
of 150; Mormon Seminary; several sum­mer
ranch schools for boys and girls ;
Museum of Northern Arizona; Lowell
Observatory; Southwest Forest Experi­mental
Station.
HOTELS AND ACCOMMODATIONS:
Seven hotels with a total of 350· rooms
from $1 to '7 a day. TOURIST CAMPS:
11 with 200 cottages ranging from $1 to
$3 a night. GUEST RANCHES: 9 in the
vicinity of Flagstaff with accommoda-
The following impressions and sta­tistics
were written by Leo Weaver,
Secretary Flagstaff's Chamber of Com­merce
and are not to be reprinted
without consent of the writer.
Owing to the vast territory of Coco­nino
County, the many and varied gifts
of Nature to we of Northern Arizona,
it has been found impossible to touch
but lightly on many of the unusual
sights of our county. We do find, how­ever.
that it is a rare privilege and
continued pleasure to occupy the val­ued
space in this unusual Program in
which to invite you as a stranger
among us, to linger with us awhile
amid the glories of our Enchanted
Land of Northern Arizona. We sin­cerely
hope that we, as Western peo­ple,
may assist in some small measure
in making your days among us most
happy ones.
tions for over 250 guests ranging from
$30 to $180 a week.
RECREATION: Horseback riding, hik­ing,
skiing, tobogganing, swimming, fish­ing,
hunting, mountain climbing, golfing,
trap shooting, Indian c ere m 0 n i a Is
throughout the year, in the most scenic
setting of the Southwest.
HEALTH: We do not hold Flagstaff
up to you as a health resort, for it is
not. The air is dry, bracing and rare and
the water pure and our popUlation as
healthy as that of any community in
America.
INDUSTRIES: Flagstaff is surrounded
by the largest industries in the State of
Arizona, has approximately 90,000 head
of cattle, 250,000 head of sheep which
graze upon private, public, and Forest
Service r2.nges in Coconino county. Flag­staff
is in the center of the largest com­mercial
timber area in the whole West,
having mills with an annual cut of
250,000,000 board feet a year.
FARMING: Principal crops, beans and
potatoes.
SCENERY: Within a few hours drive
from Flagstaff the following National
Monuments and Parks can be seen: The
Grand Canyon, Walnut Canyon Cliff
Dwellings, Wupatki National Monument,
Oak Creek Canyon, Sunset National
Monurnent, Bonito Lava Flow, Govern­ment
Cave, Meteor Crater, Western
Navajo Indian Reservation, Painted
Desert, Dinosauer Tracks, Petrified
Pumpkin Patch, Hopi Villages, Rainbow
Bridge, Montezuma Castle, Montezuma
Wells, San Francisco Mountains.
ANNUAL EVENTS: Pow-Wow with
7,000 to 10,000 Indians; American Legion
Auto Races; National Guard Encamp­ment
at Fort Tuthill; Southwest Bible
and Missionary Conference; Hopi Crafts­man
at Museum of Northern Arizona.
Flagstaff's Information
Cabin
Coming to Flagstaff from the east one
receives the first pleasant shock in sev­eral
hundred miles. The day has been
warm ... the sun has beat down upon
the ranges and 10, one finds himself in a
great forest of pines ... the air is laden
with the bracing odor ... it is cool and
lovely: great mountains loom ahead and
there are deep canyons on the north side
of those mountains deep in snow. The
sun is warm and exceedingly bright and
the sky is turquoise blue . . . Arizona
skies! Now, we know why the delicious
cool air: ... Flagstaff is 7000 feet above
sea-level. Next, a beautiful little cabin
appears in the pines directly ahead ...
"Information" ... Just what we want,
so we stop.
An attendant graciously offers folders
and booklets on Flagstaff and the sur­rounding
country ... the information is
authentic and honest ... a simple desire
on the part of Flagstaff to have us see
everything there is to see while here.
To our certain knowledge, no other State
in the West has offered us this courtesy.
Lowell Observatory
The Lowell Observatory at Flagstaff!
If for nothing else whatever, Flagstaff
is renowned, is world-famous if you
please, for its Lowell Observatory, for
here, the ninth and last Planet, Pluto,
was discovered. Is that enough?
Very well, then. Two places on the
face of this earth were being considered
by Harvard University at which to locate
an observatory for the specific purpose
of the study of Mars. One was in Chile,
the other was Flagstaff, and Flagstaff
was chosen because of its perfect atmos­pheric
conditions and excellent geograph-
Lowell Observatory
ical location. After learning this, one
never fails to appreciate Flagstaff's won­derful
air and pure mountain water.
Dr. V. M. and E. C. Slipher were placed
in charge of this institution at its incep­tion
and remain in that same position
today, highly respected and esteemed
citizens of Flagstaff.
Coconino Lakes
Surprise of surprises, Coconino Coun­ty
has lakes, 48 of them to be exact, and
all within a short distance of Flagstaff.
"A land of little rain" is Arizona, and is
Coconino, so the foregoing is no doubt
a revelation. There are fish in all the
lakes; boating, swimming and camping
and on the shores of Mormon Lake 30
miles southwest of here, which is alsl)
the largest natural body of water in the
state, one may secure cottages for the
perfect summers of Coconino. There are
stores and cottages and camps at both
Lake Mary and Mormon and more and
more of our people of Arizona prefer Co­conino
County to coastal beaches and re-sorts.
The reason ... perfect days of
sunshine at 7000 feet ... perfect nights
of comfort under blankets in the largest
pine forest in the world.
The one outstanding event of the sum­mer
is Flagstaff's grand Indian Show
in whieh thousands of Indians partici­pate.
This is July 4-5-6. There are sev­eral
Rodeos of worth and this summer,
for the first time, Flagstaff will have a
Horse Show in August that horsemen
and horsewomen from all over the state
are interested in.
Relax and play in Coconino County
this summer . . . 'Western hospitality
and friendships await you and you will
cherish the memory all your life.
Rainbow Natural Bridge
Rainbow Natural
... That most tremendous of all stone
arches known to our present world ...
it lies a hundred sixty miles north of
Flagstaff. Glorious scenery delights one
on the way, as it is all through the
picturesque Navajo Reservation. Desert~
plain, and upland cedar roll away mile
after mile. One will have passed many
interesting Trading Posts and a stop is
made at Inscription House Trading Post
w here the carvings in solid wall of cliff
made by the early Spanish explorers are
to be seen. At Rainbow Lodge, Bill and
Catherine Wilson greet visitors, accom­modating
them in the comfortable Lodge.
Words are feeble when it comes to a
description of Rainbow Bridge. Suffice
it to say that many mammoth skyscrap­ers
could be placed under it with room
to spare. See Rainbow Bridge by all
means, and you will have seen one of
the outstanding works of Nature.
The Grand Canyon
The Grand Canyon, earth's mightiest
specta.cle, beggars description. It lies
entirely within the borders of Coconino
County and is ninety miles north of
Flagstaff.
Buffalo Herd
America's only herd of buffalo run­ning
on open range is in the northerll
end of Coconino County in the famous
Houserock Valley.
Guest Ranches
Guest Ranches . . . here one sees the
West, spends the perfect summer days
on range or in the canyons. He may rest,
play, build up or down physically and
enjoy to the utmost this great open coun­try
of vast dimensions. There are all
sorts of ranches and a type to please
all. Simply write the Flagstaff Chamber
of Commerce your specifications and you
will be put in contact with the owner of
a ranch.
Flagstaff's Information Cabin
t­o
r--r ,~ --....--~
<:.ANYON
Of' CHELLY
Flagstaff is the Hub for the Start of Countless Pleasure Jaunts
Sunset Crater
A high, dark cinder cone rises from the
plateau on which Flagstaff is situated
... the top is red, burned by mighty fires
that spouted from this volcano eight
hundred years ago. About the foot of it
lies thousands of acres of cold, fierce
lava, too sharp and rugged for the feet
of man to trod . . . a river of this lava
flowed to lower lands; the fires ceased to
spout, the lava ceased flowing, cooled,
and turned cold to the hundreds of win­ters
whose snows have blanketed it, and,
is today merely clinkers. Tremendous gas
pockets formed here and there, some
blovving up through the hot mass flowing
overhead, and during this cooling pro­cess,
pockets, caves and tunnels remained
and today, scarcely six feet underground
one may gather ice in August, and while
getting it, freeze. One long tunnel runs
well under the mountain itself perhaps
a quarter of a mile, and today is not
totally explored.
The eastern slopes of our gigantic San
Francisco Peaks flow smoothly toward
the three hundred extinct craters sur­rounding
Sunset Crater. On these slopes
that day so long ago, dwelled thousands
of small, dark skinned people who had
migrated here from what we now know
as Old Mexico, and even farther south.
Their dwellings, called pit-houses, are
found on every acre of the area. The
eruption occurred; a cloud of hot ash
hung over the area . . . red-hot stones
showered upon these people who ran for
their lives to the only shelter they knew,
their homes. The eruption continued, no
one knows how long, and day after day
the little brown people hoped against
hope the deadly shower would cease.
Thirst, ' hunger, and deadly fumes and
hot ash-fiow buried them alive in their
dwellings. Elden Pueblo, near Flagstaff,
disclosed these bodies by the hundred
as it was excavated ... mummies, cen­turies
old, were pulled out, very small
in stature and perfectly preserved. These
are in the Smithsonian Institute at
Washington now.
Climb Sunset Crater; it takes an hour.
As the top is reached one realizes with
a start that it was well worth one's ef­fort,
for the whole of the Painted Desert
lies before one. Ponderous waves of
desert roll away to be lost in misty noth­ingness
... pink, red, blue and white
cliffs of the Hopi Mesas rise above the
haze in the distance. Here in this vast
and trackless desert live fifty thousand
Indians, riders of the dawn, echoes of
the Dawn Men. the horsemen, raiders
and nomads of this painted world. They
are the people one sees in action at the
grand All-Indian Pow-Wow held in
Flagstaff each July.
Look about you! To the West rise
abruptly the towering San Francisco
Peaks . . . today their giant ribs are
covered with pine, spruce, fir and aspen
... flowers by the million bedeck their
pitted canyons ... tiny streams of snow
water from the tops scurry down the
dark ravines on the way
to Flagstaff for man's
use. If ever water on this
earth was pure, this wa­ter
is . . . and there is
lots of it!
N ow look to the north:
Moonlight on Mormon Lake
longs to see more, to go into that land
of mystery, and know more of it. Maybe
we will go, perhaps at Snake Dance time
in August, when the shadow falls on the
Corn Rock and the Hopis dance with
the deadly rattlesnakes to the hollow
tune of the tortoise shells. We'll ask
someone more about it. Perhaps there
is something about it on another page
of this book.
The t rip down Sunset? One simplY
starts and goes! If the legs hold out,
the trip down requires
15 minutes, and we re­join
those tiny figures of
our friends we saw from
the top but a few min­utes
ago. It is a great
experience . . . try it!
The Citadel
Turn north on High­way
89 toward Cameron
any morning or after­noon
... watch your
speedometer, and when
it says 28 miles turn to
the right at a sign "Wu­patki,"
then five miles
over a fine cinder road
and you will see the
Citadel, one of the anc­ient
fortresses of the
people who inhabited
this region a thousand
years ago. When you see
the Watch Tower at
Grand Canyon you see a
replica of this very fort-
Navajo Mountain, 150
miles away looms up
through the mist ... th'3
Vermillion Cliffs, almost
to the Utah border, are
there . . . Red Mesa,
most beautiful of all
mesas, is there also. And
then we swing around
to the east for a look at
Hopiland and there in
mysterious hues of this
profusion of color, rise
the Hopi Buttes, the
great promontory where
the ancient city of Orai­bi
perches today . . . and
Oraibi is the oldest con­tinually
inhabited town
in America. Beyond, oth­er
giant mesas project
themselves into the tre­mendous
vall e y. One Sunset C1"ater- Notice chU1"ned lava in foreground
o ress. One appreciates at
a glance that the Citadel
was built for defense purposes
... some of the more courag­eous
of these people have built
their homes on prominent points
at a distance from the fortress
and even though these walls,
laid up centuries ago, have been
exposed to severe weather of
the ages, they still stand where
one may see them today.
One may ask why this par­ticular
location was selected by
the ancients, but the answer is
simple. When the great volca­noes
erupted, the southwest
wind blew the fertile ash across
this vast expanse of country and
the ash conserves moisture.
Hence the people were able to
cultivate the land to provide
corn and other food crops.
We earnestly ask that you leave the
dwellings as they are, remove no stone,
thus those who come after us will be able
to see them as we found them.
Wupatki
Built on a veritable rock of ages, Wu­patki,
with its 28 communal rooms,
stands today, another monument to those
thrifty people who lived in it during the
centuries past.
At the Citadel one may read the sign
pointing to Wupatki, which is fifteen
miles farther into the desert. The cus­todian
in charge will be delighted to
explain Wupatki's construction and pur��pose,
and Wupatki will be found very
much worth the trip from the highway.
Today, Wupatki's neighbors are the
nomadic Navajos, and over the same
grass herd their flocks of sheep that
once the ancients trod. In those days the
antelope was the whole of their meat
supply, sheep not having been intro­duced
by the Spanish until 1540. Today
thE> antelope remain, but are protected
by game laws, and the land is now a
part of the Navajo Reservation.
Custodian David Jones will show YOll
the spring near Wupatki which
has proved a god-send to the
Indians and cattlemen during
the past generation ... David
will also show you his ancient
'pent-house,' and you will envy
him.
•
In sincere appreciation, we
thank the Directors of POW­WOW
for allotting us these
valued pages on which to at­tempt
a description of the
untold and unseen beauties ly­ing
beyond the mysterious and
far horizons of Coconino.
Wupatki Ruins
The Cliff Dwellings
In Walnut Canyon
A few miles east of Flagstaff we turn
off of Highway 66 and follow the pleas­ant
trail south to Walnut Canyon, for
here are the ancient Cliff Dwellings,
crumbling, clinging to white limestone
cliffs these thousand years, sleeping
through snows of countless winters,
warmed by the suns of a thousand sum­mers.
When you see them today, you
will see them almost as they were that
day so long ago when the chief of these
stur-dy people summoned his followers
to council. Seven long years the rains
did not come ... slowly but surely the
pools in the bottom of the canyon dwin­dled
to but a few drops ... the corn in
the tiny fields atop the mesa withered
in the hot winds from the desert ... the
antelope left the mesa for lower ranges
as the grass dried. At last the little
brown people deserted these homes in
the canyon and, laden with meagre be­longings,
found new homes beyond the
far horizon.
This afternoon we will walk past the
little doors of these dwellings and pon­der;
why did they settle here ... what
Walnut Canyon Cliff Dwellings
were their hopes, disappoint­ments,
and their tragedies . . ?
There were many of them, we
know, for at least three hundred
of their dwellings still exist in
the lonely canyon ... here and
there one sees the imprint of
dexterous fingers that haw~
plastered a mud wall, or, at an­other
doorway, we note rock
from some even older building
that has been used in a wall,
for the stones are blackened by
smoke of fires of a hundred
years before. Broken pottery
lies everywhere ... arrowheads
have lain unnoticed in the trails
worn smooth by moccassined
feet. They were a small people
. . . we know this much, for
many of the mummified remains taken
from these very buildings were but forty
inches in height, the hair white, the
teeth decayed.
We picture the fields of corn on the
mesa above the canyon ... corn cobs are
everywhere here today ... we can imag-ine
these busy, happy people laboring
with their stone hoes for loved ones back
in the thirsty canyon; we imagine them
wending their way home after the day's
work, singing perhaps-in the evenings
they da.nce and chant to the measured
beat of the war drum echoing through
the canyon. We picture the sentinel atop
the highest pinnacle above the canyon
as he utters his shrill war-cry at the
approach of a dreaded enemy, the Apa­che.
Then ", ... e see the men of the canyon,
armed with spears, swarm to the rim
in defense of their homes.
One day they at last realize their fight
against an unrelenting nature has failed
... they must move, leave their homel';,
for no rain has come for seven years.
The tree ring calculations of Dr. A. E.
Douglass on display at the Museum of
Northern Arizona tell us the story.
We enjoy Walnut Canyon, so accessi­ble,
so beautiful, and a ranger guide
tells us everything we would like to
know, and in delightedly cool
stone buildings we view the
collection of artifacts taken
from the ancient dwellings be­low
us ... here in a secluded
nook we sit and rest and view
the canyon and, wonder.
At last we have the answer;
our friends the Hopis, who live
on the high mesas in the
Painted Desert, are direct des­cendents
of the people who
lived in the thirsty canyon
named 'Walnut' on account of
the walnut trees which grow
there. Trees, flowers, blossoms,
are here in profusion.
Oak Creek Canyon
A canyon so lovely, so exquisite
as to take one's breath lies hidden
among white limestone cliffs and
vermillion buttes but thirty miles
south of Flagstaff. We reach Oak
Creek over a perfect h i g h wa y
through an emerald forest of pines.
This one creation of the Master's
hand would have commanded ever­lasting
gratitude from those who
see it, yet, as it is, Coconino has
many other .unusual canyons of great
beauty also. None of them compare
. . . ali are exceptionally beautiful
and interesting. Canyon Diablo, a
few miles east of Flagstaff, is bar··
ren, forbidding, and without ver­dure,
a tremendous gash in the
earth's surface. Coal Canyon, near
Tuba City, is one of our county's
scenic spots, its huge walls striped
in red, white and blue, and on its
floor one finds a million petrified
oysters: truly spectacular. Grand
Canyon, fearful, terrible, the world's
most sublime spectacle, is incompar­able,
but those who have seen all
our canyons proclaim Oak Creek
the "gem," lovely beyond words,
and, it is.
Sparkling streams of snow water
from the San Francisco Peaks at
Flagstaff feed this stream, Oak
Creek ... trout shimmer with gold­en
lustre in the shadowy pools .
children pass the perfect days of
summer frolicking in its crystal waters. Elm, ash
and aspen, along with giant sycamore and oak,
shade the canyon's depths, and countless wild
flowers, vine, and fern, cover the floor with green­ery.
Oak Creek Canyon is the one Canyon in
Arizona to which nothing could be added to make
it lovelier.
Smoothly, amid enraptured silence, our cal'
glides down through this enchanted Canyon be­neath
great sheltering arms of cool shade trees
... we stop a moment in an especially beautiful
spot to listen . . . the silence is broken only by
the call of canyon swallows and the splash of
boisterous water over boulders in the creek bed.
What a dream of natural beauty! Peace and
quiet and rest reign here . . . surely there can
be no such fairy bower anywhere.
On we go; a tiny ranch nestles in a secluded
cove just ahead ... next we see a larger one, and
many of them are guest ranches where one may
play, rest, sleep or explore this fairyland. Then
comes the ranch where Zane Grey wrote "Call
of the Canyon" ... it sleeps away the summer
afternoon 'neath graceful weeping willows, a spot
that will linger in our memories always.
N ext come the larger ranches, some growing
fruit, alfalfa and hay, and today, one senses the
odor of freshly cut alfalfa, and in the next side
canyon we see trees loaded with crimson apples,
almost too many for the branches that are bear­ing
heavily toward the ground.
Out of all the greenery the little village of Se­dona
(named for Sedona Schnebley, the first set­tler
of the lower canyon) approaches. Thrill of
thrills! We tilt our heads backwards to gaze at
two-thousand-foot walls ... straight up ... walis
of vermillion and chalk white.
Monuments, turrets, cathedrals, spires, and
great organs hold us spellbound by their immen­sity
and color; everything is green or red, such
a vivid contrast is rare beauty indeed, but .
this is Oak Creek!
Weare impressed beyond mere words and sit
in reverent silence and awe as the motor carries
us up Schnebley Hill toward the high rim above.
We are returning to Flagstaff over a different
route, and at the summit we stop for a last
lingering look at what we have passed through.
There it is, Oak Creek, and the tiny thread or
road far below us, climbing, winding, hidden here
and there by the white blossoms and the green
of cedar, then it meanders across the creek and
winds itself up to us on the high rim. And this
is the Oak Creek of which we have heard, but so
much more beautiful than we have dreamed. The
veil of mist under us is gray; farther out toward
the west it is opal, then becomes deep blue up
to the great Mingus Mountain in the distance
which is purple. Then, through the purple, coils
a great yellow column of sulphur smoke from the
smelter at Clarkdale ... it winds lazily up with
no wind to break its trail into Arizona's turquoise
sky and, the sun is setting. We take another last
look at the tiny village far below us, the charm­ing
ranches where guests come from all America
to enjoy this lovely canyon. Deep shadows of
late afternoon have settled over the gorge ...
we wonder if we shall ever see this again but, if
not, then it will always remain one of the most
<Jhe Pea,Iz~ UHjoU <JJuw" q~~
FLAGSTAFF'S SNOW BOWL
By LEO WEAVER
The Peaks! A word used so constant­ly
by Flagstaff folks that it passes daily,
unnoticed. We speak of the Peaks as
we would Christmas, or the stars or
Washington or Paradise. Weare a part
of the Peaks, or are they a part of us?
We live by them, hold them as something
sacred, unconsciously look at them a
hundred times daily and when out of
sight of them, are lost. You may gather
that we love these Peaks, and ... we do!
Those Peaks give us the water we use
. . . that wonderfully soft, pure water
you comment upon when you taste and
glorious afternoons imaginable . . . .
The sun has sunk behind crimson
mountains in the far west and the dark··
ness brings an indescribable silence over
the scene, and the memory of the clear
sparkling water of Oak Creek flashes
again ... we remember the waters as a
tinkle of little bells ... a canyon swallow
darts swiftly overhead and skims out
over the darkness of the canyon and is
gone; rippling notes of its night song
reminding us of drops of water falling
over the cliffs-no word is spoken as we
glide through the dark aisles of forest.
Planks of an old bridge rumble hol­lowly
as we cross them; lights of a
ranch house gleam, and a dog barks as
we pass. Soon we are on smooth pave­ment
again and the myriad lights of
Flagstaff greet us. This charming town
of Flagstaff fascinates us ... it attracts
us with its sincere atmosphere of wes­tern
hospitality, never experienced in the
east. Flagstaff warms us toward her,
urges us to stay awhile and, that's ex­actly
what we are going to do.
We are whisked through brilliantly
lighted streets to our attractive court,
modern in every sense of the word. We
enter and we open wide the window, our
thoughts still on the lovely canyon of
the afternoon. A gentle breath of cool
mountain air brings us to our senses .. .
and although this is the middle of sum­mer,
we will sleep under blankets to­night.
The breeze flutters the curtain of the
window and we hear the far whistle of
a locomotive laboring up the mountain
,,,Test of town ... soon Flagstaff is sleep­ing.
use it, coming among us as a guest, and,
small wonder you enjoy it!
The Peaks provide a magnificent play­ground
in winter, for here Flagstaff's
SNOW-BOWL nestles at ten thousand
feet. Winter comes . . . the earth is
covered by a sparkling mantle of white
crystals, and we always rejoice. It
emanates water in abundance and it
means skiing time is here. Everyone
watches the Peaks ... everyone gets into
warm clothing and all cars north of
Flagstaff have skis on top, bound for
the Snow Bowl, fourteen miles over
splendid highway.
The mood of the Peaks is always upon
us ... when the sharp one you see yon­der
rearing skyward, is black and stark
in outline, it means no precious snow for
us. Then when big white fluffy clouds
roll in from the West, it means snow,
and we r ejoice. At times lightning crash­es
about the Peaks and as the thunder
rolls down giant slopes, it reminds of
nothing so much as the immortals start­ing
huge boulders down aisles of a for­gotten,
ponderous eternity.
We are proud of the Snow Bowl, the
Lodge with its roaring fireplace, the
grand super Tow handling its fifteen
hundred skiers per hour; the food is
good too . . . hot coffee cheers us and
prepares us for another flying spin down
the four-mile run. The snow is just
right today ... three feet of it, and will
last far into Spring.
The view alone is worth the trip, for
we look down into the Grand Canyon of
Arizona . . . we can look over the Kai­bab
Forest and far into the desert where
summer still lingers and where the In­dians
of the Paintec. Desert are tilling
their fields.
You may guess that these Peaks were
named by the Franciscan Fathers, the
Conquisitadores who came through this
beautiful region fonr hundred years ago.
You will allow us to remark also that we
revere the Peaks deeply enough that we
never refer to them as "Frisco." Tribes
of the desert watch them as closely as
we do . . . the Peaks are as distinct
from Utah as from nearby ... one is
rarely out of sight of them and they
are postively indispensiable to North­ern
Arizona. When one has been away
from them for a time, and returns, it is
always with a sensation of utter joy!
On the north side of the Peaks is the
sacred Spring of the Hopis who live a
hundred miles to the east on their eagle
mesas. Each year these Indians run
across sands of the desert to the spring
where they place their prayer sticks ncar
the revered waters for blessing during
the years to come. Fifty thousand N ava­jos
also worship the Peaks, for their
legends mark the Peaks as one of the
corners supporting the Navajo World.
The king Peak of the group, the high
one on the north side, is named Humph��rey
and towers 13,000 feet above sea­level.
The sharp one visible from Flag­staff
is Fremont and the lower one to the
east is Agassiz. A group of grizzled
giants indeed, standing watch over our
land of enchantment.
So, no thought of Flagstaff, no pic­ture
of Northern Arizona is quite com­plete
without the Peaks ... no visitor
ever leaves unimpressed by their gran­deur,
and no resident ever escapes their
spell. They are an everlasting symbol
of Flagstaff, a trade-mark, a vast, gigan­tic
monument of eternal beauty.
God bless the Peaks . . . long Vve the
Peaks !
S Lubrication Accessories
Firestone Tires
H HUFFER'S
Auto Supply and
Tire Service
E Plenty of FREE downtown parking
space at ... L C.L~FFEY'S
Shell Service
L High way 66 Across From Depot
HOTEL MONTE VISTA
Flagstaff's Newest Hotel
DINING ROOM
•
BUFFET
•
COFFEE SHOP
•
FRANK E. SNIDER, Manager
FLAGSTAFF - - - - - - ARIZONA
pow-wow VISITORS
Make BABBITTS' your Shopping Head­quarters
while in Flagstaff. We handle
a complete line of Western outfits for
Men, Women and Children .
•
Visit our all-Indian Curio Store. Mer­chandise
drawn from our six Trading
Posts in the heart of the Indian Reser­vation.
•
Oruer 50 Years of Service to
Northern Arizona