1947 Flagstaff All-Indian Powwow Program

              ALL IND AN
W-W W
JULY 4·5·6. 1947
FLAGSTAFF. ARIZONA
SOUVENIR
MAGAZINE 25c
. HELP U PROTECT OUR FORESTS
FROM FIRE
While Americans are calling for more lumber-more paper-more plywood-they are start­ing
a woods fire every 41/2 minutes. Smokers, campers, deliberate fire-bugs, all add to this
needless destruction. Our forests can grow the wood we need-if we will help protect them.
Let's start now! Help prevent forest fires! I
KEEP AM ERICA GREEN
LOOK TO ARIZONA'S
PONDEROSA PINE
IT'S BETTER -
IT'S STRONGER -
IT'S ARIZONA
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Flagstaff is at the head of all trails to the National Monuments, the Painted Desert, the Indian
Villages and Navajo Land and the World's most sublime spectacle, the appalling, breath-taking
GRAND CANYON.
FLAGSTAFF CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
"We're Here to Help You"
Lloyd Harrell, Mgr.
FUN • •
AT "THE-PLACE-OF­SNOWS-
WHERE-THE­THUNDER-
SLEEPS"
•
Last summer, a tourist nearly
one hundred miles inside Navajo
land halted a Navajo on the road.
Pointing toward the white-capped
heights of the San Francisco Peaks
which were visible in the bright
crystal air, he asked their name.
The Navajo, grinning widely,
answered: "That is Dogo'ahsleet,
the place of the snows where the
Thunder sleeps. It is near there the
Great Nahohi takes place." (Na­hohi
- 'chicken pull,' meaning cel­ebration
or show.)
Every Indian in the Southwest
and beyond knows about this place
where the Thunder sleeps. For to
them it has come to mean much
more. Flagstaff is situated on a big
shelf of the San F r ancisco Peaks
and it is here that once a year
thousands of Indians gather for
the greatest of all American Indian
celebrations.
The San Francisco mountains
are sacred to nearly every Indian
tribe in the Southwest. They are so
to the Hopi, who established a sa­cred
prayer altar somewhere on
them that has never been viewed
by white man, and where annually
sacrifices are deposited.
To the Havasupai in remote
Havasu canyon, the "Land of Sky
Blue Water" the San Francis ~o
mountains are the "place-once-cov­ered-
by-water" and the Navajo
term for Flagstaff "Klinthlonda"
means "Many Houses."
Aside from legendary and relig­ious
significance, this place of
great interest to the Indians has
come to mean even more, for here
occurs annually the Southwest All­Indian
Pow-Wow.
The July celebration was estab­lished
a good many decades ago,
but not until 1929 was it given over
exclusively to · the manifold inter­ests
of the Indians. Since that time
it has been solely the Indians' cele­bration.
They produce the three big ro­deos
held during the afternoons of
the three-day celebration, and most
spectacular and interesting of all,
the night ceremonial shows, which
are held each evening.
Whites are welcomed as specta­tors
and as friends.
Production of the Pow-Wow costs
approximately $15,000 to $20,000.
Practically all of this is paid di­r~
ctly to the Indians taking part.
RIGHT - A Hopi Indian dance
team performing one of their beau­tiful
ceremonials at the Pow-Wow
a,t Flagstaff.
-gO/lUJelUIJ, M~e.----:.
(!)I the f 9th ,(JlUtuaJ
SOUTHWEST All- Indian
FLAGSTAFF, ARIZONA POW-WOW
THE POw-wow is sponsored each year by a board of directors comprised of Flagstaff businessmen
who work in cooperation with the Indians in making this the b~ggest event of the year in Indian Land.
The POW-WOW board is a non-profit organization devoted to the preservation of native American In­dian
customs. Members of the 1947 organization include:
T. M. Knoles, Jr. __ __ . _________ ____ President H. C. McQuatters ______ ____ __________ Member
Andy Wolf _________ _____ _____ ______ _______ Member F. L. Decker __________ ________ ___ ___ ______ Member
D. L. McKinney ------- ______ ___________ Member John Babbitt ___________ . ______________ __ Member
* *
G. W. JakIe, Jr. __ _____ ._Asst. Sec.-Treas. Bob Hansel _________________ __ Arena Director
THE INDIAN tribes of northern Arizona are "primitive."
This is a technical distinction, and means only that they do not
write their own language.
While they are well aware that there are other ways of living
than their own, they still live every much as their ancestors did hun­dreds
and hundreds of years before the westward expansion of the
United States crowded them into reservations.
They are in more or less constant touch with the White Man's
manner of living, and have adopted some of the good things from his
manner of living-such as denim overalls, big hats, calico, etc.-and
some of the bad-such as liquor.
In general, however, they are convinced that their own way of
doing things is the best, and that their way of living is best.
This is true even at a period such as the present, when livestock
on the reservations has been reduced by the government to a very low
point in order to control erosion, and the Indians are in many local­ities
not too far from complete poverty and in some cases starvation.
THE HOPI
The nine villages of the Hopi are located on three high rocky
mesas northeast of Flagstaff. The Hopi are dry farmers. Their
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farms are located at some distance from their villages. Corn is the
principal crop. Beans, squash, chili, onions, melons and some
peaches and apricots are also raised. The hoe and digging stick are
used to loosen the soil, a hole is dug with the digging stick, and the
corn is planted at intervals of about five paces. Planting is done at
intervals from the middle of April to the middle of June. Hopi farm­ing
must be seen to be appreciated for it represents much hard work
under adverse conditions.
(See next page)
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".
When the Indians come to Flagstaff for the three-day celebration,
they come for fun. The children, mother and father, the grandparents
and all pack up and come prepared for the biggest event of the year.
One of the most interesting features of the Pow-Wow is the Indian
camp, where the white spectators can wander about at will, seeing
Indians Hat home." They visit, feast, game, laugh, recount adventures
of previous Pow-Wows, and have a good time. One of the biggest
sources of entertainment to the Indians is the whites - those funny,
crazy-acting whites with such strange customs!
• •
The Hopi house is built of stone and adobe and consists of a front
room, which is the living room, and a store room.
Sleeping accomodations are similar to those of other tribes, as a
r ule, with the" bedding rolled against the wall during the day, and
rolled out on the living room floor at night.
A few of the old women still wear the womens' dress of black
woven wool with the red belt. However, cotton dresses are more •
common. The married women wear their hair in two braids hanging
in front of the shoulders. Bobbed hair for men, except in the back,
which part grows long and is tied in a knot, is the usual custom.
Most of the men wear bright colored kerchiefs around their heads.
Cotton shirts and blue denim trousers are usually worn by the men.
The moccasins have cowhide soles and red dyed buckskin tops.
Both men and women wear turquoise and silver jewelry-earrings,
necklaces, bracelets and belts.
Corn meal is ground on metates until of desired fineness and may
be made into pike (Hopi wafer-like bread) baked in corn husks, boiled
in corn leaves, mixed with meat and baked, or boiled in small pellets.
Dome shaped ovens of adobe and stone are used for baking white
bread.
Excellent pottery is made by the women on First Mesa. Coiled
baskets and plaques are made by the women on Second Mesa. All
weaving is done by the men. They weave for themselves and supply
(Please turn page)
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ceremonial garments for the Pueblos of the Rio Grande area. Beau­tiful
examples of Hopi arts and crafts may be seen at the Museum
of Northern Arizona, a short distance north of Flagstaff.
Each village is built around a rectangular plaza in which village
ceremonials occur. In addition to the house, there are underground
rooms, called kivas, serving as club rooms for the men and used for
ceremonies, most of which are secret.
Kachinas are masked gods who come to the village dancing and
singing for the people, bringing presents, rain, and prosperity. The
home of the Kachinas is in the San Francisco Peaks where they stay
half the year. The Kachina dances are colorful, and are not seen off
the reservation.
THE WALAPAI
The Hualpai Indian Reservation occupies an area of almost a
million acres in northwestern Arizona. The Walapai number only
about five hundred, and many of them live off the reservation.
They have about six thousand head of cattle and raise corn, beans,
squash, melons, and a few peaches. A substantial part of the tribe's
resources is to be found in some thirty thousand acres of yellow pine.
Corn is planted in holes about eight inches deep and eighteen
inches apart in loosened but unploughed soil. The harvested corn is
parched and ground on the metate and eaten dry, as mush, as soup
(with meat), or baked as a corn bread.
Houses now are built of lumber, tin, and canvas. The Federal
Administration is encouraging the people to build with lumber from
their own forest.
Like the Havasupai, bedding is generally spread on the floor,
the heads of the sleepers pointing east, and is rolled against the wall
in the day time.
The women, usually of medium height and inclined toward stout­ness,
wear voluminous skirted dresses of bright colors. A colored
hankerchief is tied loosely about the shoulders, and a plaid shawl is
worn in cooler weather. The hair cut is similar to that of the Hava­supai
women. Shoes are worn. The men's dress is similar to that of
the Havasupai men on ordinary occasions, with blue serge trousers
and bright silk shirts for special dress.
Basket making is practiced to some extent, and "tourist business"
has brought about an emphasis on trays and bowls made from willow
and squawbush.
The mourning ceremony in July is the one general ceremony of
the year, and occupies a day and a night. It not only comemmorates
the deaths of the year by song and dance but also is a social occasion.
Card games, baseball, horse racing and other sports have replaced
shinny, ring and pin, hidden ball, hoop and pole. However, stick dice
wisto played with fifty small stones placed in a circle and three
wooden dice (about four inches long, convez on one side and flat on
the other) is still played.
THE HA V ASUP AI
The Havasupai Indians live in Havasu Canyon. Here the climate
is almost semi-tropical. Here will be found a number of waterfalls.
The largest, Mooney Falls, is almost two hundred feet high. The
Havasu Creek ranges in color from light blue to turquoise. Father
FLAGSTAFF AUTO SUPPLY CO.
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Garces visited the tribe in 1776 and reported the number of Indians
to be almost the same as at the present time.
In addition to the staple agricultural products of corn, beans, and
squash, the Havasupai raise and enjoy peaches, nectarines, apricots
and figs. The fields are plowed with a one horse walking plow, and
planting is done by use of a planting stick about an inch wide and
a foot and a half long.
Green corn, roasted in the husks, is usually eaten by breaking off
GRAY MOUNTAIN
TRADING POST
42 miles north of Flagstaff on u. S. 89 at edge
of Navajo I ndian Reservation.
NAVAJO RUGS AND SADDLE BLANKETS
INDIAN JEWELRY AND CURIOS
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Earl Reid Kenneth Stanfill
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PHONE 308 FLAGSTAFF 306 E. SANTA FE
at the P DW~ WDW
the kernels with the thumb nail, catching them in the palm of the
same hand, and pouring the handful into the mouth. Corn is ground
and prepared in a number of other ways, for instance, boiled with
green pumpkin, baked corn meal balls, or boiled with squash blossoms.
The Havasupai house may be built of willow brush, conical shape;
like a tent with a horizontal ridge pole; or straight brush walls with
a dirt and thatch roof.
The Havasupai men ordinarily wear levis or corduroy trousers,
blue shirts, cowboy hats, and shoes. The women wear long, wide
skirted dresses of bright colored print requiring about ten yards of
material. Their hair is cut shoulder length at the back and has very
long bangs over the forehead. '
There is no taboo as to parents-in-law. However, neither husband
nor wife addresses the parents-in-law by name. Actually the wife has
no relationship term to apply to them.
Havasupai basketry is made both by the twining and coiling
techniques. Acacia twigs are usually used, but cottonwood and willow
are also used. The coiled trays and bowls are especially artistic.
Horse racing, to a point and return, is very popular. Wrestling,
swimming and climbing are enjoyed likewise.
The Peach Dance is the one general dance of the year. It occurs
about the first of September and utilizes several days and nights. It
is predominately social but is also a prayer for rain and well-being.
THE NAVAJO
Navajo life may be said to center around herds of sheep and goats
and supplemented by horticulture. Their mode of life makes villages
impractical. They live in hogans, made of logs and mud for winter
use and of brush for summer shelter.
Mutton is a staple food and is generally boiled, roasted, or used
with corn in a stew. Naturally, white flour has supplanted corn in
many Navajo family meals.
Buckskin moccasins and jewelry are of their own make. A large
cowboy hat or a silk handkerchief graces the head, of the cotton shirt,
blue denim trouser clad man. Around the waist a belt of large silver
conchos, around the neck strings of shell, coral, turquose, and silver,
and on the ears turquoise pendants will probably be worn. The women
weal' a costume consisting of a long sleeved velvet shirt ornamented
with silver buttons and a skirt which is often twelve to fifteen feet
wide. They also wear moccasins. Around their shoulders will be
found a bright colored Pendleton blanket. The amount of jewelry is
usually limited only by the family wealth.
All weaving is done by the women and involves much hard work
in preparing the wool as well as doing the weaving under primitive
conditions.
The Navajo silversmiths make beautiful necklaces, rings, brace­lets,
and belts.
Under present day conditions the medicine men chanters or sing­ers
have great prestige. Among the best known chants are the Night
Chant, the Mountain Chant, the Feather Chant, the Wind Chant, and
the Hail Chant.
THE APACHE
The Apache lives in a mountainous area, roughly, a hundred miles
square. There is some pine timber on the reservation, but the land
is chiefly useful for grazing.
In the early days, in fact until 1886, the Apache was warlike.
Geronimo was a famous leader who was shrewd and a very formidable
foe of the white man.
The Apache ordinary lives in a wickiup. This consists of poles with
the tops drawn together and securely fastened and the framework
covered with grass or bundles of straw, the thatch being secured by
canvas.
The women wear a full skirt, requiring about eighteen yards of
sateen or percale and made with a deep flounce. The blouse hangs
to the hips, is high necked, and is not belted. The hair hangs free,
and foot covering is usually moccasins. The men wear levis and blue
cotton shirts for every day, but show a flair for color on dress-up
occasions by wearing bright satin shirts. The cowboy hat is worn.
The tortilla is the favorite form of bread. Most of the cooking
is done over the open fire, and the Dutch oven is rather standard
cooking equipment. Since the Apaches own about forty-five to fifty
thousand sheep, valued at about a million and a half dollars, meat
constitutes the main item of food, but recent cash payments for labor
have expanded the diet to include most of the traders' offerings.
Apache basketry has a well deserved reputation. The women use
both the twining and the coiling techniques. Materials used in the
twining technique are principally squawberry, sumac, and mulberry.
Coiled ware is usually made of willow and cottonwood. Trays, bowls,
baskets, and flat objects generally are made by the coiling technique.
There are many ceremonies and several of these have dances as a
part of the ceremony. Included among these are the lightning cere­mony,
curative ceremony, and the puberty ceremony.
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Under the same management as PARADISE INN near Phoenix - the delightful Winter Resort Inn.
R. T. EVANS, MANAGER SPRINGERVILLE, ARIZONA
(EDITOR'S NOTE :-The following article, one of the strang­est,
weirdest stories to come out of the Indian country in
many years, was written by one of the Southwest's outstand­ing
authorities on Indian ways and customs, Gladwell
(Toney) Richardson of Flagstaff, noted both in England and
the United States as a 'writer. This article is reprinted from
TRUE Magazine, copyright 1947 by Fawcett Publications,
Inc., and special permission has been granted by that firm for
its republication herein.)
By GLADWELL RICHARDSON
THE GUNS of the far Pacific have been stilled. Bombs no longer
rain from the sky. And most of the Indians of the southwest
who served in the armed forces against an enemy they called "slant
eyes" have come home.
But a good many of our southwestern Indians were killed on
Pacific islands. And their number is nothing compared with the re­turned
Indian veterans who may now die as a result of that fighting.
For there is a disease incubating here in the southwest of which
medical science knows nothing.
Its dangerousness came home to me fully on a recent sunny morn­ing,
when I expected to do nothing but loaf. There was a ringing of
the doorbell, a loud clatter and then a frightened guttural voice.
In some alarm I got to my feet. When a Navajo, especially a
medicine man, gets excited there is something badly wrong. And
Hathali Nez's voice was urgent, scared and held all the ring of a
desperate man grasping at a last straw.
At sight of me he broke into Navajo so fast I had no chance of
understanding him. I got him to a chair, and quieted him down.
Hathali Nez is a big man, six feet tall, his hair just turning gray.
As a medicine man he is supreme in his district. Yet now his face
actually looked white.
"Y ou must get me some part of the body of a Japanese!" he cried.
It was my turn to become agitated. I could only gasp, "What?"
"I am holding Endah. Tomorrow morning we shoot the spirit, and
now I discover that I do not have any part of the body of the enemy!"
The Navajo ceremony "Endah" is a war dance, known as the
"Squaw Dance" to white men. It works this way: Navajo warriors
who return from battle where they have slain an enemy halt near the
hogans. They paint their faces black, and do not approach closer
until the cleansing ceremony begins. The medicine man on the last
day of the rite buries some part of the body of the enemy. Mounted
warriors then ride up and shoot at this with a sacred bow and arrow,
NAVAJO-HOPI TRADING CO.
Opposite Depot
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INDIAN HANDMADE SILVER JEWELRY
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ARIZONA
Above, Pete Price, one of the most famous of Navajo Indian medi­cine
men. The medicine man among the Southwestern Indians has a
very high place in society - he is not only "doctor" but magician,
authority on the tribal customs and usages, and "twebeen-ni-man"
with the supernatural powers. Writer Richardson's article on this
page tells of an Indian medicine man and his efforts to combat a
"magic" sickness.
and "kill" the spirit of the enemy. Unless this is done, according to
Navajo religious belief, the spirit of that slain enemy has the power
to enter the body of the living warrior, sicken him and make him
die.
"I have held Endah for every veteran in my district," he said.
"Even for those who did not slay an enemy. This is because those we
did not at first hold Endah for, began to sicken and waste away."
The spirits of those dead J aps, whether killed by them or not,
began to enter the bodies of the veterans. Hathali Nez assured me
of this, and he wasn't fooling. Yet even he did not pay much atten­tion
to it until two young men died. Then he set to work to right
things.
It is a well known fact that when and if a Navajo decides he is
going to die, he will lie down and do so. Therefore when the returned
CO.
J. C. DOLAN. President
Flagstaff. Arizona
veterans hecame despondent and felt ill without there being any cause
for it they could understand, it was the Jap killing sickness. No more,
no less.
"I have been working night and day," Hathali Nez told me. He
did look worn out. "I am doing everything in my power to combat
this slant-eye killing sickness and make those people well.
"You must help me, for now this slant-eye sickness has spread
from the returned warriors to the men, women and even little children
who have never been off the reservation in their lives!"
This astounding development did not exactly amaze me, though
its possibilities of chaos in human misery brought full realization of
what could happen if all 50,000 Navajo's decided they had the Jap
killing sickness.
"I have four patients," he informed me sadly. "Unless I can obtain
some part of the enemy's body, they will be dead in less than one
week."
"I have come to you for help, my younger brother," Hathali Nez
pleaded with tears in his eyes. "Unless you aid me now the death of
four men, who are also friends of yours, will be charged against
you."
That was putting it up to me the hard way. The telephone looked
like my only hope; so I started calling my ex-service friends. A couple
of them, not quite grasping my hurried explanations, apparently
thought I'd gone crazy. Others were out of town. One had brought
back a couple of Jap ears, but had sold them in Los Angeles. Hathali
Nez was beginning to feel lower than the polish on the floor, and I
wasn't any too cheerful myself. I started picking names out of the
directory.
On one page the name of Russel Cheves, local plumbing contractor
and gas man, leaped to my eyes. Cheves had been a Chief Petty
Officer in the Seabees. While I hadn't been in the part of the Navy,
as one ex-Chief to another-well, it was worth a try.
"I haven't got any Jap scalps," Cheves said, and then he added:
"But I got one lone tooth from Bougainville."
My warwhoop brought Hathali Nez into some imitation of life.
We drove beyond the speed limit to Cheves' office, and behold;
there was one yellowed Jap jaw tooth, looking like a mountain. It
was big enough to be broken into four pieces; one particle for each of
the ailing patients.
Hathali Nez wouldn't touch it with his hands. Cheves put it in an
envelope for him, and was thanked ten times with ten handshakes.
Outside, Hathali Nez shook my hand fourteen times.
Yet almost at once his face went gloomy again. This would be
the necessary medicine for the four present patients, but what about
those others to come?
To a white man this sickness of the spirit may seem ludicrous.
But before he laughs he should remember that even the white man is
best with sickness, even disease, of the mind and the spirit. Psycholo­gists
and M.D.'s combat it every day.
The Japanese killing sickness, brought back by the veterans who
slew enemies in battle, is spreading so dangerously that the medicine
men are worried. They must have some part of an enemy to over­come
it. And with the little material expended already that was
brought back by veteran Navajos, I hardly know how the medicine
men will acquire more.
It would be extremely dangerous for any Japanese to wander into
Navajo country right now!
BURN'S JEWELRY
HOUSE OF QUALITY AND DEPENDABILITY
Indian Jewelry and Curios
Watch Repairing
" Biggest Little Jewelry Store on Earth"
Commercial Hotel Building
One of the most interesting attractions at the Pow-Wow for the
white visitor is the opportunity to see real American Indians - thou­sands
of them-as they really are. When they come to the Pow-Wow,
they bring the whole family. Above, young Navajo mother and child.
The Real
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Riding, Hunting, Camping,
Fishing, Cattle Roundups
CABINS, FINE MEALS
IN THE MOUNTAINS, ELEVATION 8500 FEET
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Mrs. Mollie Butler, Owner
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GREER, ARIZO:NA
Breakfast Lunch Dinner
ANDREW"S COFFEE
On Highway 66 at the Underpass
Flagstaff, Arizona
SHOP
Each day of the Pow-Wow, the celebration opens with a parade through the downtown streets of Flagstaff.
Here is a marvelous opportunity for the amateur (and professional) photographer. Scores of Southwestern Amer­ican
Indian tribes, dressed in their best, and authentic, tribal costumes, will march to the music of Indian bands.
Navajo, Hopi, Zuni, Havasupai, Walapi, Apache, and dozens and dozens of others - here they march together in
good fellowship and friendliness, tribes which only a few short years ago were on the warpath for each other.
Never anywhere else will you have the opportunity to see so many different tribes and such a profusion of authen­tic
Indian costumes.
TUBA CITY, ARIZONA
ORDER BY MAIL
II
NAVAJO RUGS
SADDLE BLANKETS
INDIAN JEWELRY
N~~:V:4'J,O~ BL'AN K~E T5i~ AWf), JE ...vEl: R y . ~" :::' .. ~\;; '" 'is' ,,,; ,,;.' "" :\. , ~ ,\':' .
The parade is fun, and one of the most thrilling spectacles you have ever witnessed. But to see the Indians "at
home," laughing and playing, visiting and gossiping, acting just as people do among friends the world over, visit
the Indian camp near the city park. Here you will see mothers and children, fathers and grandfathers lounging in
the shade or playing one of the intricate Indian games of chance. Visit the Indian camp for a real look at native
America!
FLAGSTAFF HOLBROOK CLARKDALE
ARIZONA
SNOW BOWL
The Winter Playground of
The Southwest
FOR INFORMATION
Write A. C. GRASMOEN
Flagstaff, Arizona
Beer
•
Wines
•
Liquors
•
EL RANCHO GRANDE
NIGHT CLUB
202 S. San Francisco
Phone 374
JOE GRIEGO, Proprietor
Above, an Indian beauty, winner of the beauty contest at one
of the Pow-Wows in years past. While the I'YItdian's idea of
beauty differs somewhat from that of his white brother, the
girls entered in the Indian beauty contest at the Pow-Wow are
unusually attractive young women who will draw admiring
glances in any surroundings.
Spectacular -
Thrilling -
Weird -
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105 W. ASPEN PHONE 354
FLAGSTAFF, ARIZONA
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Gorgeous costumes of the Cheyenne-Arapahoe (above). The dress
used by Indian ceremonial dances is not only colorful and spectacular,
but to the student of Ethnology has particular meaning, as every
detail has symbolic and religious significance.
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GRAND CANYON
. AND SIGHT SEEING TRIPS
THROUGHOUT NORTHERN ARIZONA
NA V A-HOPI TOURS. INC.
Phone 107 and 157 P. O. Box 329
Flagstaff, Ariz.
;lJJJl1?J
By DAVID J. JONES
(Custodian, Wupatki and Sunset Crater
National Monuments)
LAND RUSHES are common in the history of man, but the only one
in the United States to have been caused by the eruption of a
volcano was in the vicinity of Flagstaff, Arizona.
Nine hundred years ago a heretofore barren plateau was converted
into a veritable garden, attracting prehistoric Indian farmers from
over the Southwest. Villages sprang up and the area supported one
of the most dense populations of northern Arizona at that time.
But to understand this rare occurrence it is necessary to go back
into prehistory with the archaeologist to a time before the land rush.
Under normal conditions there is a vast area from the San Fran­cisco
Peaks to the Little Colorado River which is not habitable by
f armers because of a lack of moisture in the soil. Evidence at hand
indicates that until the latter part of the ninth century there was
only a small population in this arid region, and they were confined
mostly to small clearings along the base of the San Francisco Peaks.
Here there was sufficient rainfall to raise crops of corn, beans,
and squash. An "island" in the desert where one was isolated from
his fellow men in other parts of the Southwest. In the scattered earth
lodges which were partially beneath the surface the Indian families
lived, eking out a living from the soil. The growing season was short;
the winters long and accompanied by heavy snows.
Then came the eruption of Sunset Crater. Apparently there were
ominous rumbling and earthquakes for some time before the actual
eruption, for all the earth lodges or pithouses in the immediate vicin­ity
were abandoned. Finally there came a violent explosion in which
the molten lava from the earth's interior was shattered and splattered
Serving Northern Arizona
FRED NACKARD WHOLESALE
~19UOR CO.
PEPSI·COLA IBOTTLING CO.
23 S. San Francisco Street
FLAGSTAFF, ARIZONA
BIach, tJl1Df;1?J-View
of one of the Wupatki ruins. (Photo by Milton Snow, cour­tesy
National Park Service.)
by the expanding gases; thus producing cinders which were scattered
far and wide. Out of cracks at the base of the crater poured hot,
liquid lava, but it was confined, for the most part, to a small basin
formed by the surrounding hills. The cinder, however, was carried
by strong southwestern winds off toward the Painted Desert, covering
an area of more than 800 square miles. Fortunate indeed were those
who had moved, as their pithouses were buried in the cinder. The
people living nearer the Peaks were not affected. It is a question as
to how long the volcano was active, but even after the worst of it was
over hot steam and gas escaped from the vent, producing the bright
red and yellow colors at the summit for which the crater is named.
In any event, the Indians regarded this display of nature with awe,
and not unlikely considered it a great catastrophe.
Then some enterprising Indian farmer found that it was possible
to raise corn in the cinders where it had previously shriveled and
DU 'BEAU'S MOTEL INN
OFFICIAL AAA - MEMBER UNITED MOTOR COURTS
• Every Room With Bath and Steam Heat
VANDE VIER LODGE
COMPLETE TOURIST LODGE AND DINING ROOM
Dining Room Open for Breakfast and Dinner
402 W. Santa Fe Flagstaff
died from lack of moisture. The fine layer of cinder acted as a mulch
which absorbed and held the scanty moisture from rain and snow.
News of this new farming area soon spread over the Southwest
and the land rush started. Indian families deserted their fields to seek
a better living in the "promised land."
Here truly was a melting pot of people with Indians coming from
all directions. It is one place in the Southwest where all four of the
cultural groups recognized by the archaeologist are present. In the
rubbish heaps of the earlier villages the spade of the archaeologist
brings to light the differences between the inhabitants, for even at
that time different customs were practiced by the various tribes just
as today.
One group disposed of their dead by inhumation, another by cre­mation.
Each had his own ideas as to how pottery should be made
and decorated. Their houses also tended to indicate to what group
the owner belonged.
The stone masonry apartment house - a new idea in the annals
of the architects of that time - became popular, although the most
conservative still clung to the pithouse. Large pueblos which were
located near a source of drinking water varied in size from ten to
more than 100 rooms. Small one or two-room structures were built
near the fields for use in the summertime. The largest pueblo and
probably the longest inhabited of any in the cinder country was
Wupatki Ruin, forty miles northeast of Flagstaff. Located at the base
of a black, lava mesa overlooking the Painted Desert, its imposing
walls of red sandstone are still in an amazing state of preservation.
Standing in the shadow of a massive wall today, one can, with
little difficulty, visualize life as it must have been eight centuries ago.
Wupatki (pronounced Woo-paht'-kee) was the center of activities for
a large village, its small rooms sheltering a hundred or more Indian
farmers and their families. Below, in the valley, were neat patches of
corn, tended all day by the men and children. Here on the housetops
and in the patios, the women gathered to gossip while performing
the daily tasks. Many would be grinding corn for the next meal, while
others fashioned pottery, baskets, or mended clothing. Brilliantly
colored parrots sunned themselves. Dogs followed the children about,
or lay panting in the shade. With the help of his neighbors a man
might be adding another room to the pueblo, because of the need for
additional storage space or to accommodate a newly acquired wife.
Young girls could be seen in the early morning returning along the
pottery strewn trail from the spring, intricately decorated water jugs
balanced on their heads. On gala occasions colorful ceremonies were
held in the amphitheatre, and crowds gathered on the rooftops to
watch the dancers or listen to the music of flute and chanting. When
time permitted, exciting games were played in the nearby game court,
an innovation brought by the Indian migrants from the south. This
was life in one of the more important cities of northern Arizona four
hundred years before Columbus discovered America. PI:,ofound had
been the influences of the eruption.
The cinder area now supported one of the most dense populations
of northern Arizona at that time. Wupatki was only one of the many
pueblos. The Citadel- a fortress apartment house - was located near
. (Please turn page)
CHESHIRE MOTORS
BUICK - CHEVROLET
Sales and Service
302 w. SANTA FE AVE.
lJll1D ;lJJ~IJ
Ceremonials performed at the Pow-Wow are unquestionably nearly
identical with those performed in the area a thousand years ago by
the inhabitants of ancient Wupatki.
For Variety Merchandise
S PRO USE aI REI T Z CO.. Inc.
5 - 10 - 15 Cent Stores
8 EAST SANTA FE AVE.
6-10 EAST ASPEN AVE.
FLAGSTAFF, ARIZO'NA
Stores all over Arizona, New Mexico, Cali­fornia,
Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Utah,
Montana.
A WESTERN ORGANIZATION
J1JJJl1?J r;,d Black tJl1DEJ1?J
(Continued from previous page)
a peculiar sink hole in which there must have been water for drinking
purposes, and within a square mile of the sink were more than two
hundred small sites. Further to the east villages dotted every hilltop.
Thus had the people come together in the villages. With such close
contact and even intermarriage between members of the various tribes
the differences apparent in the lower levels of the rubbish heaps
became less and less distinct.
Rapidly this region developed into an important center. No longer
were the people isolated by the natural barriers formed by desert and
mountain. "Trade lanes" were diverted into the cinder country bring­ing
supplies in demand by the people - shells from the Pacific coast,
turquoise and other stones for ornament from the south and east,
cotton for textiles. This prehistoric trade is interesting. In spite of the
fact that there was no means of transportation, articles would often
travel several hundred miles. A trader would visit a nearby village
to barter for objects from villages even farther away. An unusual
discovery at Wupatki during the excavation was the remains of the
red, yellow, and blue military macaws or parrots. Apparently they
were regarded as sacred birds just as the eagle is among the Hopi
today; and they could be obtained only in northern Mexico. From
village to village they were brought to the north. One can easily
imagine the price of a parrot after it had been traded through
numerous hands for a distance of more than 500 miles and with each
person making a profit.
Yet even during the "hey-day" of the cinder country natural forces
were slowly, insidiously working to destroy the attainment of the
Indians and in the late 1100's they became pronounced. Growing
discontent appeared among the people. Yields from the fields were
not as abundant as before. Droughts became more frequent and
prolonged. High winds sweeping the cinders into deep dunes left many
fields bare of this moisture conserving layer. Along with these troubles
arose the social evils bred by discontent - arguments over the better
Delicious, N ufrifious
BAKERY GOODS
HOLSUM BREAD
SW IFT ICE CREAM
CRISPY POTATO CHIPS
CRAWLEY
BRO S
Food Distributors
FLAGSTAFF
I 18 - 122 E. Aspen Phone 414
farming lands, over water, and a multitude of petty details in every­day
life. A life made possible by the eruption of the volcano was being
destroyed by other natural forces - winds and drought.
Gradually families abandoned their homes to again seek more
fertile fields elsewhere. The more persistent stayed on in hopes that
this would again become the promised land. Their f utile attempts to
prevent the cinder mulch from being swept off the fields can be seen
today, rows of stones following the contours of the hills. Finally even
they gave up in despair. Abandoned homes fell into ruins; nature
reclaimed the once-fertile plots. Thus the region into which the
Indians migrated early in the 12th century was abandoned early in
the 1200's, bringing to a close a most unique chapter of Southwestern
prehistory.
Who these Indians were and where they went is an interesting
subject for speculation. It is certain that in part, at least, they were
Pueblo people whose descendants are living in the Southwest today.
Possibly one might find relatives of the inhabitants of Wupatki among
the Hopi of northern Arizona or the Zuni in New Mexico. In these
modern villages even today life is basically the same as in prehistoric
pueblos more than 800 years ago.
Note: Credit for the painstaking research which makes possible
this reconstructed story of the effect of a volcanic eruption of a
prehistoric people is due the Museum of Northern Arizona in Flag­staff.
Those visitors who are interested may find the actual material
from excavations on exhibit at the Museum. The areas concerned in
this article are being preserved by the National Park Service at
Wupatki and Sunset Crater National Monuments. Interested visitors
may reach these monuments a short distance from Flagstaff on
Highway 89.
COCA COLA
BOTTLING CO.
FLAGSTAFF. ARIZONA
•
= ~ "L...:._~i.
Weeks and weeks before the big celebration of July 4-5-6 starts at "DogQ'asleet" (place of snows where the
thunder sleeps - Flagstaff) Indians gather their belongings and start the long, long trek to the mountain. In the
daily street parades during the celebration you will see Indians who have come to town for the first, and probably
only, time of the year from their homes in the most remote parts of the Indian country.
AMERICAN AND CHINESE FOOD
115 E. ASPEN FLAGSTAFF
CARSON'S STUDIO
One Day Film Service
EXPERT PICTURE FRAMING
15 Ea st Aspen Phone 62
ALLSTATE TIRES
CRAFTSMAN TOOLS
COLDSPOT REFRIGERATORS
KENMORE WASHERS
SILVERTONE RADIOS
HOMART PLUMBING
You'll Find These Famous Brands
at
SEARS. RrOEBUCK and CO.
105 N. LEROUX PHONE 56
HOWARD PARKER'S TEXACO SERVICE
Your Dealer
302 E. SANTA FE PHONE 298
A view in the picturesque Monument Valley, the most remote part of the Navajo
country. It lies in the wild, distant area on both sides of the Utah-Arizona border, west
of the four-corners.
-Photo courtesy Standard Oil Co. of California
You'll see Indians on foot, in wagons, astride horses and in cars, trucks, busses - thousands and thousands of
them - in the daily noon-time parades that wind miles long through the streets of FlagstafJ. All of the dance teams
taking 1Jart in the night ceremonial shows will appear in all of the parades .
, • 41
NORTHERN RIZONA THEATRES INC
Orpheu Flagstaff
liTo round out a perfect day attend our Theatres after the Pow-Wow"
CLARENCE SHARTZER, Manager
POW~WOW
By PEGGY JAMES
Here we return to time forgotten,
Back to the heart of an earlier scheme,
Here where the stars, the larnps of heaven,
Mingle their light with the torches' gleam.
H ere, in the pines' sweet-scented circle,
Tents are pitched as in long ago,
While from a thousand flickering camp-fires
Smoke drifts upward, still and slow.
H ere we may witness rites immortal,
Dances, old when the Spaniards came,
Songs that echoed from age-old canyons,
Primitive rhythm, yet the same.
Here, in the shadow of the mountains,
Thrill to the chant of an ancient vow,
Watching with wonder, while dusky dancers
Couple the Past with the Here and Now.
tEll E JJ]DJ] J I]!
D J] J] tE?J
Among the more spectacular and
thrilling Southwest Indian cere­monial
dances, many of which will
be seen at the Pow-Wow, are:
RAINBOW DANCE
VICTORY DANCE
WAR DANCE
HOOP DANCE
SUNFLOWER DANCE
LONG ARROW DANCE
BUFFALO DANCE
RAIN DANCE
FIRE DANCE
APACHE DEVIL DANCE
CHICKEN DANCE
DOLL DANCE
MUD DANCE
EAGLE DANCE
WAR GOD CHANT
SPOTTED CROW DANCE
SINGING COYOTE
DANCE
BADGER DANCE
DRUM DANCE
CACTUS DANCE
THUNDER DANCE
HUNTING DANCE
These smiling squaws, also the rather stern looking buck in the background, are enjoying riding the painted
wooden ponies on the Pow-Wow carnival merry-go-round. A ll carnival riding devices are popular with the Indians,
adults as well as children, as photos on the opposite page show. The Indians thoroughly enjoy the carnival, the
ice cream cones, and the always-popular hot-dog and soda pop.
9UIRK'S
BEST MIXED DRINKS
LOTS 0' FUN
Q
3 MILES EAST ON 66
MUSEUM CLUB
Open 12 a. m. to a. m. - Dinners from 5 p. m. to 12 p. m.
Dancing 8 p. m. to 12:45 a. m.
SPANISH FOOD AND DELICIOUS STEAKS
FRANK B. QUIRK. Owner-Manager
For Your
RETAIL
LIQUOR
Go to
FRANK'
PLACE
J. K. RUFF. Manager
8 N. San Francisco
PHOTO SUPPLIES
JEAN AND TROX
Artist Photographers
8 N. Leroux P. O. Box 428
Flagstaff, Arizona
"EVERYTHING PHOTOGRAPHIC"
BOOKS ON INDIANS AND THE SOUTHWEST
JAMES BOOK AND GIFT SHOP
3 EAST ASPEN FLAGSTAFF
GREETINGS
FROM
'DOC' WILLIAMS SA,DDLERY
Youngsters are fun, the world over. Indian mothers are just as
proud of their offspring as any other mother, and each Indian mother
is sure her baby should be chosen winner of the baby contest, held
annually at the celebration. These pictures supplied through courtesy
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL of the National Park Service.
SADDLES
•
COWBOY
EQUIPMENT •
LEATHER GOODS
•
SPECIAL ORDERS
UNION OIL PRODUCTS
• BILL WILLIS, CONSIGNEE
MAIL ORDERS
INVITED Flagstaff, Arizona •
P. O. BOX 1238 PHONE 151
106 EAST SANTA FE
FLAGSTAFF, ARIZ.
PURCHASE YOUR FLAGSTAFF HOMESITE NOW
They will never be cheaper. Many desirable sites available.
Build your own home and pay rent yourself.
BABBITT INVESTMENT COMPANY
19 N. San Francisco George Babbitt, Jr. B. H. Babbitt Phone 422
J 1) D J J) 1) Be~
These girls were the three winners of the Indian beauty contest at
last year's Pow-Wow celebration. The girls who enter the beauty con­test
are like girls in beauty contests the world over - they preen and
primp for hours, jealously watch the other contestants as the judges
make their rounds.
THE TURQUOISE HORSE TRADING POST
Indian Jewelry- Navaio Rugs
COMMERCIAL HOTEL LOBBY FLAGSTAFF. ARIZONA
WHEELER GROOERY and MARKET
Quality Groceries
OPEN SUNDAYS AND HOLIDAYS
Phone 14
BONNEY'S
FOUNTAIN
LU N C H
14 N. LEROUX STREET
FRONTIER CLOTHES
SPORTSWEAR
BLEDSOE'S MEN'S SHOP
JO'E'S PLACE
BEER, WINES AND LIQUOR
Flagstaff, Arizona
. GORDON'S LIQUO'R
and SPORTING GOODS
Store Hours 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. - Su nda ys 12 Noon to 6 p.m.
Gordon Evans, Owner
23 N. BEAVER
24 Hour Film Service in
Northern Arizona's Finest
Finishing Plant.
Bring Your Rolls to
21 E. Aspen
PHONE 555-W
Navajo children are like children everywhere -
they are shy of strangers, laugh, play, like ice cream
and watermelon and candy, thrill to the color, noise and
excitement of the c.arnival. Unlike white youngsters,
Indian children rarely receive physical punishment or
chastisement, but seem to be just as well behaved.
THE BANK OF A'RIZONA
PRESCOTT
Oldest Bank in Arizona
FLAGSTAFF
CLARKDALE WILLIAMS
N A V A JO TUDIE - The picture above is a genuine Milton
Snow Indian study, and shows the interior of a Navajo hogan, with
father, mother and youngsters. T his is a typical Indian home scene.
- The photos at the left are Navajo children at the Pow-Wow, two
among thousands and thousands. The Pow-Wow is a happy hunting
ground for the photographer.
SAGUARO CLUB
NOTED FOR FINE FOODS
AND MIXED DRINKS
DANCING NIGHTLY
11/2 Miles East of Flagstaff
KNOLES P'EERLESS BAKERY
Q
Peerless and Pure Food BREAD is baked in Flagstaff and delivered fresh to your Grocer
TOMMY KNOLES SAM RICHARDSON
PURE FOOD BAKIERY
-
CAFF'EY BROS .
STANDARD OIL PRODUCTS
Complete Automotive Products
At the Underpass on 66
Phone 788
BLACK CAT CAFE
ACROSS FROM SANTA FE DEPOT
'BUSHEY'S FOUNTAIN CAFE
BREAKFAST LUNCHES
FOUNTAIN DRINKS
22 N. San Francisco
SANDWICHES
STANDARD DRUG
Prescription Druggist
SOUVENIRS CARDS
Flagstaff. Arizona
EL PATIO CAFE
"When you eat here you feel at home."
WINES LIQUORS
GIBSON'S CHIX FRY
FRIED CHICKEN BOXED TO GO
"We Raise' Em"
3 MILES EAST OF FLAGSTAFF ON HIGHWAY 66
Phone OI3-J-3
ACM'E CLEANERS
QUALITY CLEANING - PRO'MPT SERVICE
III N. Leroux. Phone 9
FLAGSTAFF
GENERAL INFORMATION
TICKETS
Tickets for all six performances of the Southwest All-Indian
Pow-W ow celebration have been on sale since the middle of the month
of June. They may be secured at the Chamber of Commerce office on
East Aspen street, next door east of the ARIZONA DAILY. SUN,
and across the street from Hotel Monte Vista. During the celebration
tickets may be purchased at the ticket office at the city park grand­stand.
The six performances include the three afternoon rodeo perform­ances,
and the three evening ceremonial dance programs.
To really "see" the Pow-Wow, you should attend both the rodeo
and the night program. An Indian rodeo is different from a regular
rodeo - as you will discover. And the night shows are spectacles
never seen off an Indian reservation - thrilling, weird, spectacular.
GENERAL OFFICES
During the celebration, the Pow-Wow board maintains offices at
the City Park grandstand. The executive department is divided into
sections, with a Pow-Wow board director at the head of each sec­tion.
Any needs you may have, requests, questions, etc., will be taken
care of at this office. Befo e t he celebration opens, business may be
transacted at the offices of the businessmen who make up the board.
THE TIME SCHEDULES
The advertised time of the parades, the afternoon rodeos and
ICE
THE RUSTIC CURIO STORE
. Indian Curios, Navajo Rugs
SELIGMAN, ARIZONA
COOPER ' S
COMPLETE BAR SERVICE
PACKAGED LIQUORS
18 E. Santa Fe
Flagstaff
SNACK BAR
8 W. Santa Fe
Hamburgers by the sack
Malts - Milk Shakes
BILLARDS
Phone 449
Flagstaff
RAUD1EBAUGH and PERTUIT
"See Me Before You Buy, Burn or Die"
MASONIC BUILDING
Flagstaff. Arizona
BROWN'S CREDIT JEWELER
"A Little Down Is Enough For Brown"
19 E. Aspen - FLAGSTAFF 108 N. Cortez - PRESCOTT
L
BARKER
VILLAGE
3 Miles East of Flagstaff
WELCOMES YOU
Featuring 24 Hour Service
50 MODERN COURTS AND UNITS
CURIO AND SILVERSMITH SHOP
COUNTRY GROCERY
SERVICE STATION
Cafe Seats 75 - Designed to Accommodate
Small Parties and Banquets
PHONE 77-W
GENERAL INFORMATION
(Continued from previous page)
night ceremonial programs are the exact moment each will begin.
The programs are long, with so much to do during the hours covered
that no loss of time whatever can be permitted. Buy your tickets
beforehand and come early if you wish to see the entire program
without missing any event. The downtown parades are almost in­variably
"on time" to the dot.
THE DOWNTOWN PARADES
The Pow-W ow is exclusively the Indian's celebration, his own
"show." Many whites ask to join the downtown parades, but there
is a strict rule that no white shall be permitted to take any part in
the Pow-W'ow programs or parades or in any manner displace Indian
participation. Please do not ask to be permitted to join the parades.
INDIAN VILLAGE
Several hundred acres in and surrounding the Flagstaff City Park
has been set aside for the Indians visiting the Pow-Wow. They take
over the forest and convert it within hours into a great Indian
encampment, with every tribe solidly grouped, but freely circulating
about and visiting with friends in other tribes. Water and firewood
are f urnished free. One must actually walk through the Indian Village
to realize the very great number of Indians who are camped in the
forest setting. Visitors are welcomed by the Indians. Some usually
have handiwork of their tribe for sale. Especially the Navajo, who
bring blankets and silver jewelry; the Hopi, with baskets, pottery
and blankets; the San Domingo, with great strands of turquoise
beads for sale to both Indian and white; the Apache, with baskets
and trays; the Zuni and Laguna, with fine handmade silver jewelry.
The social dances in the village on gTound especially set aside
are free and whites may not only ~atch them but join in.
POW-WOW MAGAZINE
The official POW-WOW MAGAZINE will be on sale on news­stands
before and after the celebration in July, and during the cele­bration
copies may be obtained on the streets from vendors. The
magazine makes a fine souvenir to mail home.
E. D. B A B BIT T MOT 0 ReO.
MERCURY LINCOLN
Dealer for 34 Years
The All-Indian rodeo, held each afternoon 01 Ute i"'OW- WOW by the Indians, is a show of real action, fun and
daring. Above and to the right, pictured evidence of why white spectators say it is the best show of its kind in
the world. These Indian boys have fun doing the things that most white men couldn't be hired to do.
PAR 0 OTOR ~O.
PHONE 603
New and Used Cars
COMPLETE AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE
"Your Friendly Mobilgas Dealer"
FLAGSTAFF, ARIZONA
ONE OF the first things to pique the intere.st of the visitor from
another state is the strange and interesting names which have
been given to so many towns, landmarks, and other places of interest
in Arizona.
Some were named for famous pioneer characters; others for rail­road
engineers, famed explorers, some come from Spanish, and many
have derivations from Indian dialects.
Among those of unusual interest in northern Arizona are the
following:
ABRA (Yavapai County) "Ah-brah"- Spanish word meaning
"wide open valley." Also a Mexican mining term, meaning a fissure, a
considerable opening or cavity in the mountain. On Santa Fe railroad
between Prescott and Ash Fork, in China Valley, southwest of Flag­staff.
ADAMANA (Apache County) - Named for early rancher and
his wife, Adam and Anna Hanna. Altitude, 5,301 feet. Population,
about 75. A station on the Santa Fe, 23 miles east of Holbrook. At
the edge of the Petrified Forests and on the Little Colorado River.
Stock raising is the principal industry of the surrounding district.
AGASSIZ PEAK (Coconino County) - Altitude, 12,340 feet.
Named by Gen. W. J. Palmer for Prof. Louis Agassiz, the famed
geologist. Northwest of Flagstaff. Pronounced "ag-a-see."
ASH FORK (Yavapai County) - In common with many other
towns of the West, Ash Fork's first inhabitant was a pioneer whose
wagon lost a wheel. He camped at the forks of Ash Creek; so the
town that built up around him was called "Ash Fork." (Local school
history.) 53 miles north of Prescott, on Santa Fe, Highways 89
and 66.
BEG(K)ASHEBITO (Coconino County) - Navajo Indian word
meaning "cow springs." A trading post site about 42 miles northeast
of Tuba City.
BETATAKIN (Navajo County) -Navajo Indian word meaning
"high ledges house." A large prehistoric city ruin in Navajo National
Monument. 140 miles northeast of Flagstaff. Pronounced "ba-tah-tah-akin."
(Please turn page)
GENERAL PETROtEU:M CORP.
OF 'CAL.IFORNIA
MOBILGAS AND MOBIL OIL
MOBIL TIRES
FRANK L. CHRISTENSEN
Wholesale Distributor
31 I E. Santa Fe Phone 277-W
FLAGSTAFF. ARIZONA
SANTA FE SERVICE STATION
MOBIL GAS PRODUCTS
While you a re in Flagstaff CALL US and let us handle your parking problem
LUBRICATION WASHING PICK-UP AND DELIVERY SERVICE
204 W. Santa Fe on 66 in Flagstaff - Phone 51-W
A group of Navajo men getting a kick out of watching the peculiar antics of the white visitors.
P iJleE JlJlJJlE?J ~ ~ ~
(Continued front previous page)
BLACK BILL PARK (Coconino County) - Named for Bill West,
early logger and saloon man. Located 12 miles northeast of Flagstaff.
BRIGHT ANGEL CREEK (Coconino County) - A creek empty­ing
into the Colorado in the Grand Canyon. So named by Major J. W.
Powell in 1869, simply to balance a prior description, further up
stream, as "Dirty Devil Creek." Bright Angel Point and the Bright
Angel Trail at Grand ,Canyon take their names from this creek.
,CANYON DIABLO (Coconino County) - "dee-ah-blow" - Span­ish
meaning "ravine of the devil." It is a typical canyon in the Kaibab
limestone, 225 feet deep and 550 feet wide. Located a few miles east
of Flagstaff.
CHIN LEE (Apache County) - Properly pronounced "chay-e." A
corruption of the Navajo name "I-chi-ni-li" meaning "where the water
comes out." Located at the mouth of Canyon de Chelly. Trading post
and government school.
DILKON (Navajo County) - Named for Indian trader. A trading
store in the Hopi buttes district, 45 mile,s northwest of Holbrook.
Winslow nearest railroad point.
DOKOSLID (Goconino County) - "Where the snow never melts."
The Navajo Indian name for the San Francisco Mountains.
ES-KWA-LI ~ Hopi Indian word meaning "Thank You."
FOXBORO GUEST RANCH
Located in the Cool Breezes on the Rim of Oak Creek Canyon
WELCOMES YOU
Foxboro Operates as a Summer Resort - Engaging the Deligh t­ful
Northern Months from Late Spring through to Early Fall .
The Focal Point of No,rther'n Ari%ona's VacaHon Land
FOR INFORMATION WRITE MR. AND MRS. DON SHUBERT, BOX 1397, FLAGSTAFF, ARIZONA
GANADO (Apache County) - "gah-nah-doh." Spanish, "flock of
sheep or herd of cattle." A trading post in the Navajo Indian reserva­tion.
Was the headquarters of Kit Carson in 1863.
GAP, THE (Coconino County) - A trading post in the Indian
country, 90 miles north of Flagstaff, on the way to Lee's Ferry. So
named because it is situated at a gap in the mountains.
HAVASUPAI INDIAN RESERVATION (Coconino County)­"
The people of the blue water," a tribe of Indians who separated from
the Hopi people long ago and made their homes in the canyon of
Havasu .cataract. The reservation is 52 miles west of Grand Canyon,
established as a reserve in 1880. Area 518 acres, on which dwell about
200 Indians. Pronounced "hah-vah-soopie."
JEDDITO (Navajo county) - An Indian word meaning "antelope
water." On the rim of the mesa to the north lies a string of early
Hopi pueblo r uins. Evidences of many prehistoric animals have been
found hereabouts. A trading post, 70 miles north of Holbrook. Pro­nounced
"jed-dit-oh."
KAIBAB - An Indian word meaning "mountain lying down" or
a high, flat, plateau. The Kaibab Indian Reservation, which lies
partly in the northern section of Arizona, is administered from Utah.
KEAMS CANYON (Navajo county) - Named for T. V. Kearn,
first white man Indian trader in the Hopi country. Here are located
a store, the Hopi agency, and a boarding school. Nearest railroad
point is Holbrook, 87 miles south.
LEROUX SPRING (.coconino county) - A welcome spot to pio­neers
who traveled the rocky road along the 35th parallel of latitude .
• Named for Antoine Le Roux, principal guide for the Whipple expe­dition
of 1853. Located seven miles northwest of Flagstaff.
MOENCOPI (Coconino county) - A Hopi word meaning "running
water" or "many springs." A colony of Oraibi near Tuba City. A
Mormon mission post was established here in 1871 by Jacob Hamblin.
In 1879 the Mormons built the first and only woolen mill in Arizona
at this point, and it had a short life. The present Hopi pueblo was
founded in the 70's by the Oraibi chief Tuba.
McNARY (Apache county) - Named for James G. McNary, pres­ident
of Southwest Lumber Mills, Inc., which operates a big sawmill
here. The town is about 72 miles south of Holbrook. Altitude, 7,200
feet. Located on the old Cooley ranch and formerly known as
"Cooley."
NA-AH-TEE (Navajo county) -A Navajo Indian word meaning
"without eyes." A stock-raising district in the Navajo Indian reserva­tion
50 miles north of Holbrook, the nearest railroad point. Altitude,
6,500 feet.
NIC DOlT SOE PEAK (Coconino county) - Indian name, mean­ing
"mountain lion." Whites call it "wild cat peak." Located in the
Tuba City area.
PAINTED DESERT (Navajo and Coconino counties) - The val­ley
of the Little Colorado river, from the neighborhood of Holbrook
to the Grand Canyon. Great formations of brightly tinted, myriad-colored
sand and stone. The early Spaniards named the area "EI
Desierto Pintado," -which means "the painted desert."
RED LAKE (Coconino county) - Located south of Tonalea, in
the Hopi Indian reservation, northeast of Flagstaff. Also another Red
Lake in Coconino county, a short distance north of Williams.
SOBAIPURI INDIANS - A branch of the Papagoes, extermin­ated
by the Apaches. A Pima Indian name, meaning "spotted people."
STONEMAN LAKE (Coconino county) - Named for Gen. Geo.
ESTABLISHED 1906
Stoneman, surveyor of 1854; in command in Arizona in 1870. A
spring-fed lake in the crater of an old volcano. Located 44 miles south
of Flagstaff, nearest railroad point. Altitude, 6,765 feet.
SUNSET CRATER NATIONAL MONUMENT (Coconino coun­ty)
- Lava flows and ice caves. Located 13 miles northeast of Flag­staff.
Established as a national monument in 1930. Area, 3,040 acres.
Most recent cinder cone of the ' third volcanic period. Conspicuous on
account of the bright halo of sunset glow that covers its crest at all
times and can be seen at any hour of the day whether there is any
sunshine or not. Halo is produced by a combination of three kinds of
volcanic rock that line the rim of the crater.
TEES-TO-PO (Navajo county) - An Indian name, meaning "cot­tonwoods
along an arroya."
TONALEA (Coconino county) - From Tonalite - a mineral.
Stock raising district in the Indian country, 110 miles north of Flag­staff,
the nearest railroad point.
WINSLOW (Navajo county) ....:... Named for General Winslow, an
early Santa Fe railroad official. Called in early days "Sunset Cross­ing,"
an old ford across the Little Colorado river. A distributing
point for the Indian country to the north and a railroad division point.
Points of interest in the neighborhood include Meteor Crater, Painted
Desert, Petrified Forests, Hopi villages and Navajo reservation. Lo­cated
33 miles west of Holbrook on Highway 66, and the Santa Fe
railroad.
ZILH TYSAYAN BUTTE (Apache county) - Means "Hopi
mountain."
ZILTAHJINI PEAK (Navajo county) - Indian word meaning
"black mountain." Elevation, 7,100 feet. The mesa of the same name
adjoins.
ZUNI (Apache county) - The word means "great flowing water."
SEE ou r choice stock, conveniently lo­cated
on the Rim, 300 feet east of
Hopi House.
ON FREE EXHIBITION - WORLD'S
M·OST FAMO'US PAI NT INGI OF THE
GRAND CANYON BY LO'UIS A KIN.
ON THE SOUTH RIM OF GRAND CANYON
EERLE
BABBITT
Thousands of Indians,
in full costume of their
tribes, parade through
the streets of Flagstaff
each day of the Pow­Wow
celebration.
WO RKMANSHIP
A highly skilled Navajo weaver has no
competitor - she is peerless in her field.
Visit our all-Indian Curio Store, where you will find care­fully
selected rugs woven by the finest weavers on the Navajo
Reservation.
Watch our Navajo Silversmiths at work.
Genuine Indian-made merchandise, drawn from our six
Trading Posts in the heart of the Indian Reservation.
Make Babbitts' your shopping headquarters while
in Flagstaff. We handle everything Western, for
Cattlemen, Lumbermen, I ndians, and for vacation­ists
and visitors.
OIVE,R 55 YE'ARS OIF SERVICE
TOI NO'RTHE'RN A,RIZONA
BROS. TRADING CO.
Reiwut 01 Ute lJ!JP J
THE MUSEUM of Northern Arizona is very happy to announce the
Fourteenth "Hopi Craftsman" exhibition, July 4, 5, and 6.
The Hopi craftsmen are returning to the Museum to reestablish
their famous exhibition of Indian Arts, discontinued for five years
during the war.
Word has come from the reservation, "The people are asking for
the 'Hopi Craftsman'."
This unique exhibition of Indian Arts was established to encourage
and preserve the crafts of Arizona's only group of pueblo Indians,
and gained a nation wide reputation in its thirteen years of service,
1929-1942.
N ow, for the first time since the war, our craftsmen are returning
work through its many fascinating stages, from the moulding of her
pots and jars to the final firing of her work.
As the visitor enters the Museum, the view through the great
picture window looking across the patio, is dramatic and vividly
colorful with a backdrop of dark forest sweeping up to the towering
blue peaks of the San Francisco Mountains.
Those interested in our Indian people are aware of their fine war
record. Men and women from the Hopi pueblos served their country
all over the world.
In the Hopi's home villages many changes are taking place, as
they have elsewhere in our post-war world. The young people have
found that the world is large, but their homes on the mesas in the
Hopi Craftsman E xhibition At the Museum
to reestablish their exhibition as an annual event.
Weavers and potters, basket-makers, silversmiths and Kachina doll
carvers, are preparing to send their finest work and to compete for
the many prizes offered by the Museum.
The Hopi are fine craftsmen and their arts are many and varied,
more so than those of any other pueblo Indians.
They still practice many techniques that have come down to them
from prehistoric times and have been forgotten elsewhere; therefore
their crafts represent a sort of "island of the past" to which the
archaeologist turns for assistance in reconstructing the life and arts
of the ancient people of Arizona.
The "Hopi Craftsman" takes place in the beautiful patio of the
Museum. On the outdoor stage a weaver and basket-makers will be
seen at work and nearby a potter can be studied as she carries her
Painted Desert still call them back. They are a people tenacious of
their ancient ways of life and when the outside world grows difficult
they come home. Then they need their crafts, taught them in child­hood,
both as an aesthetic expression and a source of livelihood.
For the old people who remain at home, their home industries are
always a sure source of income. In the years of drought and crop
failure there is always a sale for blankets, pottery, and basketry.
Hopi craftsmanship has a reputation for versatility and excellence
among all the pueblos of the west and has been traded into New
Mexico from prehistoric times.
From modern collectors to the passing tourist, Hopi textiles, pot­tery
and basketry are in great demand. The Museum of Northern
Arizona believes that the arts and crafts of the Hopi people are a
valuable heritage which should be kept alive to enrich our mutual
culture of the future.
r] r]"r"r I ~ rl1~ ] r] ~~ ~ rl r] r] J 1'] I I _!:~ I IJ!:~." P!u;''1M - ~ I I
OBSEBVING the Hopi Indians perform their age-old Snake Dance
ceremony at one of the native villages atop the distant mesas
in the turquoise-blue sky of northern Arizona has at least one thing
in common with viewing that other famous attraction of the area­the
Grand Canyon.
The observer is a changed person after witnessing either of these
wonderful spectacles.
The great canyon gives one such a sense of the age of the Earth
that it is overwhelming. The Snake Dance takes you back into the
dark, dim centuries before our recorded history - into the stone age
o.f our own ancesters.
Probably the most sacred and important rite of the Hopi Indians,
the Snake Dance is performed each year by the Hopi Snake and
Antelope fraternities to bring rain and good crops.
The dancers perform with live, deadly rattlesnakes and other
snakes, carrying the reptiles about in their mouths and hands, breath­ing
into their writhing bodies prayers for rain. The snakes, believed
to be messengers to the gods, are afterwards turned loose to carry
the prayer messages underground to the home of the gods.
Never has it failed to rain after a snake dance, old pioneers swear.
N ever has a Hopi dancer been fatally poisoned by a rattlesnake dur­ing
the ceremony, though many are repeatedly struck by the deadly
reptiles.
The dances are held in the pueblo villages of the Hopis, northeast
of Flagstaff, on the high mesas. Whites may witness the grotesque,
savage spectacle, but may not take pictures. Only in the villages, at
times designated by the Snake clan priest, are the dances held. Usually
the dances are held late in August, the Snake priest announcing the
time about a week before.
The dance is held in the center of the village. A cottonwood bower
is constructed, called a Kisi or altar. Before that altar is a buried
drum, the tight stretched hide head flush with the ground, so each
dancer tromps on the drum head as he passes the altar, making a
slow, resounding boom.
WINSLOW
GATEWAY TO
NAVAJOLAND
•
Make Winslow your Head­quarters
for an excursion
into the Southwest's Most
Enchanting, Most Excit­ing
Region.
•
MODERN TOURIST
ACCOMOtDATIONS
For Information Stop at
WINSLOW Chamber of Commerce
WI NSLO'W, ARIZO'NA
C. E. Stillwell, Secretary
In the green cottonwood kisi are dozens of slithering and coiling
rattlesnakes, buzzing ominous warnings.
The dance takes place late in the afternoon, just before dark, but
crowds gather early to get a good seat or standing place. Whites
mingle with Hopis and Navajos. The Navajos come, scorning to
admit any belief in the ceremony, but many of the bucks carry rain­coats
and blankets, knowing that it always rains.
Suddenly all movement and chatter of spectators ceases. A lane
opens through the crowd and eight gray painted figures run into the
cleared spot, immediately starting a slow, choppy dance, shaking
rattles of dried gourds ·in one hand and tufted sticks in the other.
They are of the Antelope clan, which assists in the dance. Four times
they circle before the kisi, then line up before it and begin chanting.
Back of the crowd appears the most startling group of persons
ever seen in this modern age. Mad-looking eyes stare through a mask
of black paint that covers their faces and bodies. Some have long
straggly hair, falling below their shoulders. Around their loins are
deerskin kilts of red. A zig-zag emblem decorates the kilts. Moccasins
are also of red. Unseeing, as though in a trance, they run through
the crowd.
They are the Snake priests, 14 of them!
An oblong figure is drawn on the ground before the kisi with
sacred meal. About this the black figures dance, each stamping out a
hollow boom as he passes over the drum head. All the time the Ante­lopes
are standing before the kisi, a dismal, ghastly background of
gray, shaking rattles and chanting.
One by one the dancers are given snakes. Each snake carrier is
closely followed by another dancer, who continually taps the dancer
on the back with a tufted stick and chants.
The dancer almost joyously receives his snake from the head Snake
priest. He grasps the thick, writhing rattler in one hand and flicks
the tail of the squirming reptile into the other hand. Bending over
and swaying in slow rhythm, the dancer mouths the thick, muscular
body of the snake as an infant mouths a teething ring.
From time to time snakes are dropped and a snake catcher sprink­les
them with sacred meal, then snatches them up and hands them
to a member of the waiting Antelope clan. The dancer then receives
another snake from the kisi. A snake is never picked up after the
dancer has loosened it until it has been sprinkled with meal, even if
the snake gets into the crowd.
By the time all the snakes have been danced with and the dance
ended, the Antelope clansmen have their hands and arms filled with
snakes. Then some of the Snake priests take the snakes back again
and race down the slope of the mesa to the plain below. Now and then
a snake is dropped, until all of them have been released to carry the
prayer for rain to the four directions. Soon it will rain, for already
the clouds are beginning to gather overhead.
Rapidly the crowd disperses. Navajos ride down the winding trails
to their homes on the plains. Whites climb into autos. The village is
left again to the Hopis. It seems hard for spectators to believe that
some of these friendly, smiling Hopis, dressed in white man's clothing,
have just finished participating in the most savage, weird spectacle
ever seen.
Yes, stranger - and then it rains!
NORTHERN ARIZONA
GAS SIERVICE
LlQUIFIED GAS - APPLIANCES - INSTALLATIONS
Serving
Flagstaff, Williams, Ashfork, Seligman
14 W. ASPEN PHONE 745
RIORDANS. INC.
- INSURANCE -
Automobiles Financed Through Valley National Bank
Box 299
Flagstaff
Phone 46
Kingman
Phone Blue 156
Box 443
•
t
Scenes in the Indian camp, one of the most interesting sights for the visitor. The Indians will enjoy looking at
the visitor almost as much as the visitor enjoys his visit to the Indians' camp.
THE CHARM OF THE VERDE
By GARVIN TURNER
President Verde Valley Chamber of Commerce
FEW PEOPLE know that all of the varied charm of Arizona can be
seen in a comparatively small area of the state.
This area, most of which is in Yavapai County, is the geographical
center of Arizona. In it you find the tall, cool mountains of the north,
the Ponderosa pines, and the warm desert areas with their Saguaro
cactus and Joshua trees.
A very fascinating section of the central part of Arizona is in the
Verde Valley, with four ever-flowing streams, more than thirty
recorded Indian ruins, tall pine-clad mountains, and two state-desig­nated
wilderness areas where elk and other wild game abound.
People who come to the Flagstaff Pow-Wow in July should cer­tainly
not miss the oppor tunity to drive down the twenty miles of
beautiful Oak Creek Canyon road to the portal of the Verde Valley,
with its many enchanting natural attractions and range of climate
from warm deser t to cool pine-clad mountains.
Come to the Verde Valley.
FLAGSTAFF IMPtE'MENT CO.
INTERNATIONAL TRUCKS
McCORMICK-DEERING FARM MACHINES
TRAC-TRACTORS - DOZERS
INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY
Pontiac
SALES AND SERVICE
22 S. San Francisco
IH II
Phone 285
FLAGSTAFF'S FRIENDLY
GARAGE
DODGE
PLYMOUTH
FLAGSTAIFF MOTO'RS. INC.
HERB BABBITT. Manager
Phone I I
Above, a group of Hopi Indian bU.ffalo dances. The Buffalo Dance is always a favorite with Pow-Wow visitors.
TELEPHONE 6
F.LAGSTAFF LUMBER C~
23 SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO STREET
FLAGSTAFF, ARIZONA
NASH
Sales & Service
You Are Welcome . . .
at the
WEATHERFORD
HOTEL
CLEAN MODERN ROOMS
Center of Town
Albert A. Hall, Owner and Operator
Phone 30 Flagstaff, Arizona
JEEP
Sales & Service
B. F. Goodrich
Tires
Complete Automotive Service
ARROWHEAD MOTO RS
8 W. SANTA FE FLAGSTAFF, ARIZONA PHONE 262
48
RA
GIFTS OF DISTINCTION
FOR ALL OCCASIONS
r
NA L-VA· I HOGAN
The H ou..se of Gifts
CoHonw·ood I Arizona
BOW I RIDG
Spec tacular Notiona I Monument at the end
of a thrilling pack tr"p from RA IN BOW
LODGE, a restful hoven thatoHers the best
in lodg ing, food and hospito Ii tV.
Write Bill Wilson, Tona lea. Arizona, fo r rates
~nd descriptive brochure. or inqui re et Cameron,
A ri On ,
SEASON APRIL 1ST TO OCTOBER 15TH
ON 2
SOUTH 0 F GSTA
TO TH
ER E LEl
e Most Concen a ed Center
of Varied tural AHrac ·0 5
in t1 e Southwest.
, , r
land of he Mystic Red Rocks. G'gantic,
nature-sculptu red rock format'ons in ·eve -
chang ing gorgeous colors. More than 30
recorded I ndian ru ins, 'nclud ing 3 na ionClI
monuments - Montezuma Well s, Monte­zuma
Cos t ~e and Tuzigoot. His oric Camp
Verde with its wide ·garrison porches, where
blue - clod cavalrymen once lolled. FOLlr
ever - flowing streams w i th ro inbow trout
and bass.
E
CH
, , r
ASK ABOUT THE
LAND Of THE VERDE
at he
E LLE
BE OF COM ERC
COTTONWOOD, ARIZONA
THOMAS B. JONES Secre 6ry
,
.. ...
There'$ A HOMESITE Reserved for ou I•n
Beautiful NEPA KMAN
..
New. g~ cd Cadtvue .f""iit 0/ d)~, A~
nUnder the sheltering heights of Mt. Elden l\
IN THE PINES FOR MORE
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Here in t~i5 att",diY~ ~tt[~g ••• a bil of t~ .. W.~t
h<:lt be@ n N~rv.d fo;>. 'faur btlMe .. he re you will ."10;»'
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s.I.ct 0 Io;>f Ie ndJ«]p~ by nalu r. wilh MI. Elden
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INVESTIGATE THIS OPPORTUNITY lODAY~
150 ESIDENT A LOTS
• Spacious 10+$ on sh a dedi, circula r 5'em i.pave d drive:s.
• Mil'limum 60 .. (t. frontage and 125~ft. average depth.
• Re5!orvatiol'l5 and Restrictions for your Protection.
Savings Plan far Budfjet luye 5
A ~!lying:li p~an lor bud get buyen h a~ be-en a rra n gee! ea "yin 9
~ nominal rate of interest and lending agen,cy requiremenn,
have beenl met in detail to h!caib+e home ~inancjn9 on long
term nMe5. · .
WM. ROSSMAN. Pecos. exas. Owner
HERBERT HUKRIEDE
As~ociate Harkey Realty in ch.uge of 5ale~.
SUBDIVISION LAYOUT BY CHAS. W. D'RYDEN
Reg lsleled C jyil engi" .. " •.
You are ill",a-ed to ",is itthi~ attractiY'e subdivision and learn alj
particularli as to fitly phase of the development.
OFFICE ON LOCATION
...