1954 Flagstaff All-Indian Powwow Program

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54 Flor The Pow-Wow Visitor
WHAT IS THE POW-WOW?
The Pow-Wow is a great Indian celebration staged
each year at the F1agstaff Pow-W,ow grounds in the
city park at the foot of the San Francisco peaks, sur­rounded
by the largest Ponderosa pine forest in the
United States.
The Pow-Wow features daily street parades, after­noon
rodeos and night ceremonial programs.
Only Indians .are permitted to participate in the big
show, but white spectators are welcome.
WHERE DO WE GET TICKETS?
Tickets for all six Pow-W ow performances have
been on sale since early June at the office of the
Chamber of Commerce, 101 W. Santa Fe, just west of
the Railroad depot.
Beginning July 1, at 9 a.m., tickets are on sale only
at the ticket office in the grandstand at the Pow-Wow
grounds.
Prices are: Reserved seats for rodeo and ceremonial
perfcrmances, $3 each; boxes, $5 per person; $30 for a
complete box with six seats. Bleacher tickets, $2,
children $1.
WHERE DO WE GET INFORMATION?
The general office of the Pow-Wow organization is
maintained at the grandstand. The executive depart­ment
is diIVided into sections, with a Pow-Wow board
director at the head of each section. When you have a
specific question or request, go to the office, where
you will bedlirected to the proper official. You may
also secure information concerning the Pow-Wow at the
Chamber of Commerce office.
PHOfTOGRAPHS
During the parades which are held each day at
noon through the downtown streets of the city, you
may shoot any picture you desire. During the rodeos
you can shoot your pictures from the grandstand, but
you will not be permitted to enter the arena unless
you have made special arrangements with the Pow­Wow
board.
At the night show, no flash pictures are permitted,
because it would ruin the effect which the Pow-v..T ow
management goes to such pains to create. After the
show is over, you can make your own arrangements
with Indian performers to pose. It's wise to ask these
people for permi,ssion to take . their pictures anytime
except, perhaps, during the parade. Would you want
your picture taken by some stranger who failed to
secure your permission? Our Indian visitors feel
about this just as you do. Respect their individuality
and their dignity as fellow-citizens and human beings.
INDIAN CAMP
One of the most interestjng features of the Pow­Wow
is the huge Indian camp in the pine forest sur­rounding
the Pow-Wow grounds. You will enjoy walk­ing
through the camp, but before you take any pictures,
be sure and secure permission from the Indians. If
you treat them with proper respect and friendliness,
you'll find they quickly respond.
WHO STAGES IT?
More than 10,000 Indians representing a score or
more of southwestern and western tribes swarm to
Flagstaff early in JUly to put on the great tribal get­together,
the Southwest All-Indian Pow-Wow.
(Cont1~nued on Page 24)
The Tribes Gather
At The Pow--Wow
We hear a lot about 1\merican Indians these
days.
"Squaw'~ skirts are in style everywhere;
Indian jewelry of various types is accepted and
prized throughout the nation; Indian fabrics,
most particularly in the form of Navajo "rugs",
are no longer a rarity anywhere.
Southwestern-style architecture, fundament­ally
Indian jn origin, is known and appreciated
throug-hout the land.
America is becoming very Indian-conscious,
havin2" learned that the native American "Red­skin"
has many very wonderful things to con­tribute,
enriching- and making more enjoyable
the lives of all of us.
W~'ve come 3, lonR" way from P'"randfather's
day, when most folks believed that all Indians
spent their time raiding helpless, noble, non­Indian
pioneers. smf'aring their own faces with
brHIiant paint, and that when they spoke, it was
"ugh" and "how".
More and more of us have learned that
Indians are people, that they love their families,
respect their elders, value their traditions, are
anxious to provide onportunities for their child­ren,
make good soldiers and excellent citizens
and, in short, act i ust like-people.
Many non-Indian citizens know now that
more than half of all the plants cultivated in the
world to furnish man with food, rainment, and
chemicals were first utilized by American In­dians
- witness maize, rubber, cotton, potatoes,
beans. quinine, cocaine.
We've learned. too, that Indians are not all
alike. Not all tribes wore feather head-dresses
and rode horses. Not all lived in teepees. In
fact, not all or even most Indians actually ever
acted like our g-randfa thers used to suppose.
The American Indian is fundamentally a
person with a strong religious sense. He is
also very apt to ha ve an unfettered, unspoiled,
artistic sense. Too, he is generally a kindly,
friendly, generous person.
If we make the imaginative effort, we can
perhaps gain a sense of the values of the Indian
way. If we immerse ourselves in the songs and
chants, the brilliant color and flash of the cos­tumes
and the great council fires at the Pow­Wow,
we may suddenly find it possible to see
the world, at least for a moment, as these
strangely different brothers of ours see it.
If we do so, we will discover, as we leave the
great gathering to take up again our individual
ways. that somehow we have broadened our own
peep-holes into life.
COVER: Gitrl photo by Ray Mamley. Rare NaV1fLjo 1"'(ug,
lJroperty Meredith and E'YYIfmI(J, Guillet, Walnut Ca.nyon,
photo by Platt Cline. Eingravirngs by Charles Henley,
Coc<onino Swn Company sbaff.
-1-
First thimg on the program eaoh day is the parmde through the 61treets of Flagstaff. Here you will see brillimnt, au!th­e'n:
io costumes, elo,bor·ate /,inery, daJYIJcers, mmrohe'rs.
Afterrnoorns during Pow-Wow time at Fla;gstaff mre taken up with rodeos-Indian 'rodeos, in whioh omly I11X1ians oo.m
oo'mpete. Races add to the inte'rest from :time to time.
-2-
The big event of the CLay at the Pow-Wow is ·tike ceremonial p't'ograrn. Here by the light of gre,at cowncil fires
represenix1,ti1'es of 1nore than a· score of tribes perform.
-3-
The Hopi Way
Of Life Is
Way Of
The
Peace
As Told By
ANDREW HERME'QUAFTEWA
N ow will I begin from the very beginning
of our traditional history of the Hopi.
Somewhere the human life began. There
are. many stories of this beginning. The Hopi
belIeve that Maasau, the Great Spirit, was the
leader and the creator of our land. With him
in the early beginning were the Spider Lady to
keep the fire and her two nephews. These were
the four of the beginning.
A long time has passed and there were other
worlds and other peoples. We who are living
today are descendants of people who were saved
from the other world. Now, we call that the
Underworld, because there the living stream
changed from good into corruption. There were
good people and they asked Maasau then for per­mission
to come live with him.
He was pleased because he had given the
right of choice to them as human beings.
These good peaceful people from that earlier
world were permitted to go live with Maasau.
They became the first Hopi.
Maasau placed upon us, through them, the
obligation to follow his way of life; being known
by the works we do and by our promise never to
abandon the good and peaceful way that would
be HOPI.
The Hopi agreed to do what Maasau said and
chose to live according to his way of life and to
follow his teachings. We made a vow th~t early
day and we will never forsake it so long as we are
Hopi. We were permitted then to come and live
with Maasau.
We were welcome. We were taught the
life plan of Maasau and were given instruction in
the ways of his good living. After many days
with him, time came for all of the first Hopi to
move out onto the face of this land. Maasau
gathered us all about him on that day and gave
us instructions as to the obligations he placed
upon us. He provided us with many altars and
many emblems which, with us, are to represent
the land and the people. These he placed in the
hands of our leaders through whom we follow
this new life.
. Aft~r a day and night of praying and fast­Ing,
havIng heard the message from the Great
Spirit, Maasau, all the Hopi assembled the next
day at dawn to listen to his final message.
9ne certain clan out of all the . group was
appOInted as leader clan in our migration. An
emblem was given them which represented the
.... . Boastful people cannot become part
of a Hopi village. Only those who desire to
live peacefully ,to harm no one, are ad­m
i tted into the rei ig ious order of the vi Ilage
life. Not all can be admitted ... People
should not disregard each other. There
should be respect between all peoples." In
this un\ique document the Bluebird Chief of
the village of Shungopavi, Andrew Herme­quaftewa,
briefly recounts Hopi history­and
asks the White Brother some questions!
~
(TAPE RECORDED BY DR.
THOMAS B. NOBLE, II'DIANA­POLIS;
MEREDITH GUILLET,
SUPERINTEN DENT, WALNUT
CANYON NATIONAL MONU­MENT;
AND PLATT CLINE,
SECRETARY, ARIZONA COM­MISSION
OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
INTREPRETED BY THOMAS
BANYACYA OF ORAIBI.)
~
land and the people and the flowers of the earth.
The leaders of this clan went through the sacred
ceremony of initiation and their hair was washed.
After this Maasau said, "Your name shall be
'Hopi'. I have given you this land and all these
people under your care. This emblem I place in
your hands. Following it, you will lead them
along a good life as I have shown you. Always,
you will continue to take care of all these people
who are Hopi.
"You will be as their father. Take care
of them as your children. Let them live a long
life, a good life. Let there be plenty of rain.
Let there be abundance of food for the children
to eat. Let no one go hungry. Lead them
always along the path of clean good harmonious
life.
"Let your children grow into manhood and
on into old age. Let all your children, your
nephews, and all their families grow to ripe old
ag-e. Let that be. so that when they go beyond
this life they will be at peace; so that they will
sleep in peace, so take care of them."
After this final speech of the Great Spirit,
Maasau, our people began to move. They went
to the different places where their instructions
told.
The appointed leaders carried their altars
with them. They carried food with which they
would feed their children on the way. The
planting stick, with which to put the corn deeply
into the sand, they carried. There was a bag
of tobacco which would be used for praying
while they smoked. There was a jar of water
for drinking. This is all the early Hopi had.
There was no weapon of any kind.
They were to act as leaders to all people in
the way of the peaceful life which Maasau had
described to them. They were to be called 'Hopi',
( Con t inued on page 10)
Arndrew Hermequaftewa, Bluebird chief of the Hopi Irvdtiwn village of Sfvwngop,avi, is one of the re1al Hopi patriarchs.
His · stateme'Y/Jt to Oorngress (J/J'vd the world appears on the opposite page,
-5-
Among wonderrs accessible by short drives from, Flagst.a.ff is Swnse.t Crater Natio'Yllal Mornument. Full imformation is
aVlailable a.t the Cluumberr of Commerce. It is an importamt place in Southwestern lind'bam trooitio<n.
ANCIENT SOUTHWESTERNERS
By J'OHN F. TURNEY
The National Park Service preserves the Southwest of the ancient past for
you and the Americans of the futu reo I n this lucid, easy to read article,
one of the experts in the study of ancient Southwesterners sketches the
story, beglinning with the first people of perhaps 25,000 years ago and
bringing us up to the great classical period of less than 1,000 years ago
when many of the great pueblos were bui It. Mr. Turney is archeologist,
National Park Service, U. S. Department of Interior.
The broad scope of southwestern archeology
covers a multitude of years and of places and
people. The southwestern section of the United
States, which includes New Mexico, Arizona,
southern Colorado and Utah and the northern
part of Mexico, is a land of high, cool tree­covered
mountains, flat rugged mesas, and vast
flat, hot desert country. It has been the home
of many people, with different traits, for thou­sands
of years.
The earliest evidence of people in the south­west
seems to have been from 10,000 to 25,000
years ago. You may be able to imagine these
early inhabitants living in the open, hunting for
a living and cooking over a camp fire, much as
some of our early pioneers and explorers did, not
too many years ago.
In time these people progressed to utilize
cave shelter and eventually learned to construct
pit houses (a crude shallow pit in the earth with
a brush and mud super-structure) just as our
ancestors learned to build lean-tos and log cabins.
Pit houses were used for several hundred years
in all parts of the southwest, but eventually the
aboriginal people learned to construct small
masonry rooms, then added additional rooms on.
All the houses became bigger, better constructed
and more comfortable until we have the huge
classic villages of the 1100 and 1200's (now in
ruins) and today the villages of the Hopi, Zuni
and Rio Grande Pueblos. T}1ese villageR were
called Pueblo by the early Spanish explorers,
therefore the people are referred to as Pueblo
(Continue.d on Page 32)
,-6-
Wupatki ruin, at WrupCl!tki National Monument, is orne O'f the most interesting prehistoric Indian ruins in the SouDh­west.
It can be re·ached by an excellent highway wnd r;(),oil from Flagstaff.
Tuzigoot ruin, at Tuzi.qooi National Monwment, is in the Verde Valley near Clwrkdale. It is easily accessible via
HighwaU 89-A, through beCllUtijul Oak Creek Camyon.
-7-
American
Cultures
Battle
Indian
Facing
For Life
By JOHN COLLIER
In 1947, in "Indians of The Americas," I
published the paragraphs which are given im­mediately
below. After reading them, one will
be able readily to understand the crisis now (in
1954) facing the United States Indian and
threatening to engulr' them.
The controlling fact of Indian life today, and
of present governmental Indian enterprise, is the
triumph of the group life of the Indians. This
triumph contains within itself the future of the
Indians, and their renewed power to benefit man­kind.
It contains within itself the triumph of
their individuals.
Across four hundred years, the struggle of
the Indians in behalf of their group life was wag­ed
as an enormous delaying action. Indian groups
numbering more than forty thousand social units
on the two continents sustained this delaying
action, each unit largely in isolation from the
others. In the process of this struggle, deep
changes took place in Indian life. The changes
were not merely mechanical. They did not con­sist
merely in the loss of this and that native
"trait" and the acceptance of this and that
European "trait." Rather, organic assimilation
and vital synthesis took place.
There was no method of destruction that was
not used against them, and most of them coped
with all the methods of destruction. Legal pros­cription,
administrative proscription; military
slaughter; enslavement, encomienda, forced labor,
peonage, confiscation of nearly all lands, forced
individualization of residual lands; forced dis­persal,
forced mass-migration, forced religious
conversions; religious persecutions which hunted
down the social soul to its depths, and the propa­ganda
of scorn; catastrophic depopulation, which
mowed down the native leadership and the re­positories
of tradition; bribery of leadership, and
the intrusion of quisling governments by the ex­ploiting
powers. Indan group life-Indian soci­eties-
outwore all the destructions.
Now, at last, the Indians' delaying action
has changed in some countries, is changing in
others, to a strategy of advance. The proscrip­tions
are ended, or are being ended. The nations
are accepting the Indians' societies as being un­killable
and even indispensable. Rondon in Brazil,
in 1910, first challenged the proscription, ended
it, and built Brazil's Indian service upon the
Indian groups. Mexico, in the unrolling of her
last revolution, affirmed the ancient values. The
United States, after 1933, radically enunciated
and set in motion the policy of social action
vested in the Indian groups and executed by the
One of the surest ways to start an argument
In the Indian country is to mention the
name of John Collier, former Commis­sioner
of Indian Affairs, now head of the
Institute of Ethnic Affairs. Indians every­where
are indebted to Coli ier for having
instituted pol i c i e s guaranteeling the
tribesmen's rights to practice their own
religion and carryon their "ancient way
of joy and wisdom" as well as safeguard­ing
their resources. Other policies imple­mented
during Colliier's ' regime, such as
stock reduction in the Navajo and Hopi
country, were very unpopular with the In­dians.
groups from their own centers. In Bolivia, Peru,
Ecuador the comunida.des, numbering four thou­sand
in' Peru alone, are becoming incorporated
into the social service and agricultural improve­ment
programs, the educational systems, and the
slow-starting yet insistently advancing agrarian
revolution. But let us look at a few represent­ative
Indian societies of today for a view of the
Indian's New World.
On the cold heights, at 13,000 feet elevation,
the comunidad of Gollana in Bolivia looks down
from three leagues away upon La Paz, the capital.
The Collanas number only some 600. Social
management is entirely in the hands of the pre­Conquest
ayllu. Each year there is carried out
the reassignment of land to families; the cattle
browse on the common range; the planting and
harvesting are done by voluntary co-operation.
Annually, the people elect their a1cade and their
cabildo (council). These officers regulate the use
of all resources, and sit in judgment on all cases
civil and criminal. No outsider is permitted to
remain overnight in Collana. Since Inca times,
there has been almost no change; only a loss of
contact with the wider Indian world which be­came
dispersed or immured after the Conquest.
In Peru, near Jauja, is the comunidad of
Muquiyauyo. Muquiyauyo is constituted by the
union of four ayllus, each having its own elected
officers. These sit in the council which meets
each week and the council includes all males over
twenty years old. Officers are so rotated that
every male finds himself in due time drawn into
some responsible function of the government.
In Peru, any unused portion of an hacienda
or church estate may be taken over by the gov­ernment
and offered for public sale. Muquiyauyo,
out of its savings from wages earned at the
mines, purchased a thousand acres of such land.
On this new land, alfalfa was cultivated through
joint labor. In ten years. 70,000 soles were
saved up; this saving was invested in a hydro­electric
plant, built through contributed labor.
The plant generates 4,400 volts; it supplies light
(Continued on Page 28)
-8-
T his Hopi woman danDer is garbed in cwnpletely aut.hentic a,nceRtral ga?'b. The big footheT -decked circle on the back
is a 'sun shield, 'With the sun's image in tihe center.
-9-
TODD'S
LODGE
Ame ri can Plan
Oak Creek Canyon
____ Fishing - Hunting
Swimming - Scenic Drives
For I nformation Write
TODD'S LODGE
Oak Creek Route
Flagstaff, Arizona
. GREETINGS FROM
'Doc' Williams Saddlery
WHOLESA LE and RETAIL
SADDLES
Cowboy Boots
and Equipment
Weste rn Clothes
Leather Goods
Special Orders
Mail Orders
Invited
P_ O. Box 1238
106 East Santa Fe
Flagstaff, Arizona
HOPI WAY OF LIFE
(Comtirnued from page .4-)
therefore; because this means 'Peaceful'.
On the second day, when the people began to
move again, a group was appointed to go ahead
of all others. They were to be the eyes, the
scouts, and show the way. And there were
others appointed to foIlow after, to see that
everything designated was taken along with
them. So it is even today. I belong to that clan
which were appointed to foIIow. It is the duty
of the Bluebird clan to follow all others. We
watch for everything. We guard them along
the life plan of Maasau.
So the first people moved on. The next day
the ancestors of us who follow went through
every place the others had stayed. throuQ"h their
houses to look for anything that may have been
lost or that may have been forgotten. After
going through all the places the bluebird clan
followed them one day behind, always; never
with them. That was out duty then in the be­ginning,
and that is what I am doing now.
I am carrying out the instructions by con­tinuing
these very duties that our forefathers
were given by Maasau. Our traditional leaders
who have moved on, who are ahead of us, have
forgotten some thinlYs. We Bluebird clan Jead­ers
are working to restore the good things that
they have dropped. so that we keep all things
given by Maasau. That is what I am doing now
by bringing these words to you. I am the Blue­bird
Chief.
As the Hopi traveled from one place to
another on their way, they carried food around
their waists. During the many years of moving
about they never took the food from about
their waists because they were not going to
stop permanently. They were on their way to
a certain place. There was a sign given to them
by Maasau. Whenever the Great Star appeared
in the sky, there the Hopi would settle for all
time, wherever they were then. There they
were to take the food from their waists and
settle down to live.
Many Hopi had arrived around what is now
the village of Shungopavi at the time the Great
Star appeared in the sky. They stayed there and
set about building permanent homes. They had
BE SURE TO BRING YOUR FORD BACK HOME F·OR SERVICE
Your Ford in Our Hands Will Get Better Treatment
ALL REPAIR WORK GUARANTEED .. "Your Business Appreciated Here"
24 HOU R TOW SERVICE FLAGSTAFF, ARIZONA
E. D. BABBITT MOTOR CO.
-10-
San Carlos A.pache Indiarn beav./y Audrey Enfield, Pow-Wow Mag,azine "cover gi1'l", lewds ,a group ,of girls im Me daily
Pow-Wow street parades. The girls' costrunnes a;re absolutely authentic.
been instructed to build houses as high as four
stories, which they did. Other people had scat­tered
in all directions throughout the land. They
had been given the same instructions, and so
other villages came into being at the coming
of the Great Star.
But many people of the other places began
to forsake the life plan of Maasau. Their lives
became corrupted. They began to practice war­fare.
Some of their leaders began to wonder
what had become of the Hopi. They wanted to
live the peaceful way of life of Maasau, and
so they began to look for the true Hopi.
A Hopi will not molest anyone. He will not
mistreat people. We will live peacefully with
all people. For this reason people began to come
to Shungopavi, which was fully established as
the first village. In this way, Shungopavi be­came
the mother village to the Hopi.
Now when people came to Shungopavi lead­ers
and asked permission to be admitted into the
village, the traditional leaders would hold council
and consider the question. The newcomers
(C onti7l,ued .on p.ag e 22)
Established 1906
See our choice stock conveniently lo­cated
on the South Rim of Grand Can-yon.
ON FREE EXHIBITION - WORLD'S
MOST FAMOUS PAINTING OF THE
GRAND CANYON BY LOUIS AKIN
-11-
Most of the exhibits ~ . the Hopi Craftsma,n sh,ow are displayed in the p~tio of the Mu.seum of Northern Arizona. Ad­mission
to the wonderfttl exhibition is free.
A skilled Hopi Indian weaver works on a 'rug in the patio
of the Museum. (Pho :o by Vi Noble)
A l' h:itrd M eSG matron demorns,trates basket-making
techmiques. (Photo l!y Vi Noble)
-12-
The 21st HOPI CRAFTSMAN EXHIBI­TION
opens July 2 and continues through
July 5 at the Museum of Northern Ari­zona
3 mi les north of Flagstaff on the
Fort Valley road. Hours are 9 a.m. to
6 p.m. daily. There is no admission
charge.
The Museum of Northern Arizona is located
on Fort Valley Road three miles north of Flag­staff.
This museum was founded in 1928 by a
committee of citizens of Flagstaff who felt
that the archaeological, geological, and natural
history treasures of northern Arizona should
be preserved in Arizona rather than in museums
in other parts of the United States. For the
first ten years the exhibits were located in the
Women's Club House, now the Flagstaff Public
Library. In 1936, the present Museum building
was erected to house the exhibits and study
collections. In the summer of 1953 a new build­ing
was constructed on the east side of Fort
Valley Road, across from the Museum, to house
the study collections, library, and research labor­atories.
The Museum has four exhibition galleries
and a large patio for outdoor exhibits. One
gallery is devoted to permanent exhibits which
present the story of the Indians of northern
Arizona from the dim beginnings to the living
present. Another gallery has permanent exhibits
which recount the history of the land and of life
in northern Arizona through the millions of
years of geological time. There is a small
balcony exhibit area overlooking the entry hall.
A special gallery for temporary exhibits has
recently been completed and is now in use.
During the summer months a series of
special exhibitions is shown at the Museum.
These begin with the Junior Indian Art Show
from April 24 to May 16. Other shows include
this year, Southwestern Photographs from May
20 to June 20, Hopi Craftsman on July 2, 3, 4, and
5, Navaho Today and Navaho Craftsman from
July 10 to August 1. There will be a second
showing of the Junior Indian Art Show from
August 7 to 29. The last special show of the
season will be an exhibit of the A watovi Murals
from the permanent collections of the Museum
INDIAN JEWELRY
Museum Exhibits
Hopi Arts, Crafts
from September 4 to December 1.
At the time of the Pow-Wow each year the
Museum holds the now famous Hopi Craftsman
Exhibition. This year's exhibition will be the
21st showing of the finest craft work of the
Hopi Indians in northeastern Arizona. The work
will be displayed in the patio and the special
exhibition gallery. Basketry of several types,
pottery, woven rugs of wool, the beautiful cotton
ceremonial garments, some with brocade designs
and some embro~dered, silver jewelry, kachina
dolls, and a varIety of other products of the
versatile Hopi craftsmen are shown. No other
Indians in the United States continue to make
suc~ a variety o! native art as do the Hopi.
DUrIng the HOPI Craftsman Exhibition Hopi
demonstrators show their mastery of the crafts
of weaving, basketry, and pottery making.
The Hopi Craftsman Exhibition offers a
unique opportunity to see modern crafts work
which had its beginnings in early prehistoric
times. Scientific archeological investigations
show that basketry techniques in use by the
(Continued on Page 32)
Arizona Distributing Co.
FLAGSTAFF - PHOENIX - TUCSON
YUMA
Pabst Blue Ribbon
Lucky Lager
Carlings Ale
Complete Line of Wines & Liquors
122 E. Aspen Flagstaff Phone 855-W
Visit Our
RESERVAT'ION TYPE POST
East City Limits of Flagstaff
ORDER BY MAIL - "Navajo Rugs, Saddle Blankets, Indian Blankets • -13-
78 YEARS OF HARVEY HOUSES
Fred Harvey Houses are a t ime-honored Southwestern institution. Whether you
travel north or east of Flagstaff, don't fail to stop off at these famous Arizona
hostelries for fine room, food and drink service.
EI Tovar Hotel &
Bright Angel Lodge
Grand Canyon Natl. Pork
Open all year - a nd par­ticu
larly enjoyable in Spring,
Fall and Wi nter.
La Posada Hotel
Winslow
Combi ning the charm of a
'Spanish Rancho with the in­formality
of a motel.
Painted Desert Inn
(Resta urant)
Petrified Forest Nat!. Mon .
. . . and in New Mexico :
EI Navajo, Gallup
The Alvarado, Albuquerque
Albuquerque Airport Restaurant
La Fonda, Santa Fe
8 North Leroux Flagstaff, Arizona
Southwest'-s Largest
The Finest .. . . By F,air
MoquiCamp
At the South Entrance to
Grand Canyon National Park
Cabins - Cafe - Curios
Mobil Gas Station
Owned and Operated by
The CHARLIE & JACK GREENINGS
Phone 05F2 P. O. Box 266
Grand Canyon, Arizona
Applegate Bros. Union Service
PHONE 817 FREE PICK-UP & DELIVERY JOHN & DAVE
-14-
The Zuni of westeTn New Mexico Q/f1e widely.~own for their beautiful pofJtery and silver work. The Zuni women Me
favorites at Pow-Wow performamces, nO'ted especially for tJ~e 8Weetnes~ and charm of tiheir singing v'oices.
-15-
Indian Arts In Tomorrow's America
By CHARLES RUSSELL
The various proposals, resolutions and bills
that have been passed by Congress or that are
before it are ostensibly designed to lessen and
eventually to eliminate many of the Federal con­trols
over Indians. The terms used include
statements with r espect to "wardship," "trustee­ship,"
"competency," "emancipation," "liquid­ation
of Indian assets" (in the present control
of the government), "the distribution of tribal
funds" (now held by some tribes as undistrib­uted
capital), and the eventual "liquidation of
the Indian Bureau". An all-inclusive statement
that can be construed almost at will is that the
purpose is "to set the Indian free."
People who know Indians and are acquainted
with the origin of many of the practices L at it
is proposed to terminate are much concerned
about these provisions, and those who have ana­lyzed
government-Indian relations over the years
are justly troubled. There has been much dis­cussion
pro and con, some provisions being con­sidered
good and wise and some being considered
premature and a threat to Indian survival. Al­most
any view can be supported or disaproved
by some scientific example that ignores all
others.
The proposals have mainly to do with many aspects
of Indian life over which the F'ederal government by one
or another means has through the years acquired and ex­ercised
control, such as lands and property, schools and
education, hospitals and health, and public safety and
welfare, and it is about these aspects of Indian life that
dis.cussions center. What will happen to present Indian
lands and property? What prot ection any greater than
they once had would be afforded Indians against rapacious
Rimmy Jim's
Trading Post
Meteor Crater Junction
Highway 66 - Between Flagstaff and Winslow
NAVAJO RUGS and CURIOS
BEER, WINE and LIQUORS
GROCERIES SOFT DRINKS
C. B. GRIFFIN , Owner
Russell, treasurer of the Association on
Indian Affairs, Inc., until recently chair­man
of the department of education at
the American Museum of Natural His­tory,
writes from years of experience of
the arts and crafts field. This discussion
is published by permission of the Asso­ciation
and the editors of liThe American
I ndian. \I
~
land-seekers, venal lawyers, and racial discriminators?
What greater chance twill there be to combat illiteracy?
Are health measures and hospitalization opportunities
likely to be any greater or as great as under present
conditions? WouLd: the Indian enjoy equal status under
law with other citizens?
If the proposals to liquidate Federal controls even-tuate
and if, as many believe, there are within the pro­visio~
s seeds of .disintegration of the Indian way of life,
then many also believe that the Indian as we have known
him will in all probability disappear as an entity. Many
people, including many Indians, believe that if the p~r­sons
and property of Indians are completely merged Wlth
tho.se of the general population the Indian himself will
disappear. These discussions center, as do the provisions,
about the privileges and. opportunities of Indian persons,
and the distribution, control and transfer of Indian prop­erty.
There are many aspects of Indian life, however, that
lie beyond these provisions, of which little present measure
has yet been taken. These aspects are, to be sure, entirely
dependent upon the persistence of the Indian himself, but
they are rarely considered in that connection and they
seem to be believed of less importance than the political
and economic problems. These other aspects consist in
the main of elements of social, spiritual and aesthetic
living. The Indian way of life has persisted!, we know, in
spite of the frequently difficult conditions imposed by
many years' neglect of health, of education, and ef op­portunity
fer economic independence; and social customs
"peculiar to him, spiritual rituals originating in his past
experience, art forms deriveld frem his efforts for aesthetic
expressien, and specialized crafts to meet his daily needs
have persisted with him. All these aspects of his living
are important to the Indian and necessary to his being an
Indian, and some of them are of especial significance and
impertance to all other Americans. The Indians' social
and religieus life is peculiarly his own; but his art and
his crafts belong as well to. all of America.
If the Indian disappears as an integral part of Am­ec:
ica, as have so many other groups elsewhere in the
world, just what of his art and crafts would disappear
with him? It is obvious that the mighty collections of
materials of many kinds in the museums of the world
(Comtifnued om Page 24)
SEE
METEOR CRATER
Fifty times as large as any other Meteorite crater known
on earth. The crater pit is visibly 570 feet deep and 4150
feet from rim to rim.
The Crater is located 40 miles east of Flagstaff and 5V2
miles south on Highway 66 via paved roads.
-16-
· \
Jemez lndimns of New Mexico wre wornderful damcelt's and singe;rs. Their ()olorful costUlYnes, typical of Pueblo cere.monixLl
dress tM.()ughout ,Rio Grande, Zuni and Hopi wreas, are aJUthentic in every detail.
-17-
Southwestern Indian oowboys a're good cowboys, ,equ.al im every skill to thei?" white b'rlothers. Some A1'izm1,a Indian groups
are basic·ally oattle raisers, partic"Ulwrly the Apaohes, Narv:ajo, Hualap,ai, Hava.mpai and Utet;.
" If You Have a Thirst - See Ruff First"
Ruff's Package Store
For Your Package Liquors and Sporting Goods
J. K. RUFF 2 S. SITGREAVES
BEER WINE LIQUORS
HOTEL MONTE VISTA
Flagstaff. Arizona
The All New ...
Turquoise Room
For Restful and Pleasureful Dining
POW-WOW Room
Designed for Banqueting
Cockt>oil Lounge
Just the Place for Relaxing
New Cuisine
Designed for Your Dining Pleasure
From a Stainless Steel Kitchen
Frank E. Snider. Manager
Big Rodeo Is Part
If you've never seen a Pow-Wow rodeo, you
have a real treat in store.
Indian rodeos, particularly the big ones at
Flagstaff are not only exciting, hair-raising and
thrilling, they're FUN.
Indian cowboys are not only good cowboys,
they're good showmen, and understand how to
get the maximum entertainment out of each
-18-
Are
YOU
Cooking
with
Gas ?
II
HC,as IS OUR Business, NOT a Sideline"
nORTHfRn ARiZOnA GAS SfRVICf
Flagstaff, Arizona
The]} twrn 'em ,out mean ,amd wihd a,t the Pow-Wow rodeo, which is helJd (')ach afternoon of the big three-dmy celebratiorn.
N 01 iJ<UkLyS there are somarny erntries th.aJt it is neceS'8ary to hold ro,deo e1Jen ~IS mornmgs as well to give everry man his
"go-arownil."
Of The Pow--W ow Objects from space
Thousands of them
event for the big, good-humored crowd.
The cowboys representing many tribes add
color and movement to the daily street parades
as well as performing at the rodeos each after­noon.
You probably won't see any records for
rodeo events broken or Established at the Pow­Wow
- but we'll guarantee that you'll have a
whale of a Jot of fun!
ArizoTha's Most Distifnctive MusBum
Sedona, Arizona, US 89A
JIMMY PITTS
Texaco Stations
TEXACO PRODUCTS AND SERVICE
B. F. Goodrich Tires and Tubes
Washing - Lubricati6n - Polishing
For Service Call
Phone 298 - I 108
-19-
Flagstaff
While every detwil of c.ostwrne atnd dress seen at the Pow-Wow is authentic, various wrticles may co'me from differefYit
tribes. It is possibLe tlwt th~~~ /_~'Y!"ez domcetr's jewelry is Zuni or Nava.io; the sashes and belts may be Hopi.
-20-
Sioux are Pow-TV ow favorites, perf()r'f'rJn7mg exciting war do. nces an.d othe-r 'rituals. In the abov'e photo of a SiQIUX old­timer,
PowWoU' photographer Ray Matnley has oopfxU!red a hint of the good humo-r which lurks behind buckskin, feathers
amd blood-crurdling chamts.
-21-
HOPI WAY OF LIFE ...
(Corntinue.d from page 11)
would be asked what could they do by way of
helping the Hopi way of life. The Bluebird Chief
must ask them it they have any kind of weapons.
All people must leave their weapons of destruc­tion
before they would be admitted into the
Hopi village.
Boastful people cannot become part of a
Hopi village. Only those who desire to live
peacefully, to harm no one, are admitted into the
religious order of the village life. Not all can
be admitted. Many can, and many have been.
Other villages have been established by those
who were not admitted to Shungopavi and other
villages have been established by people directly
from Shungopavi. Here they would receive all
their altars and their religious songs from the
mother village. Because Maasau has told us
to guard this land by this altar which was set
up at Shungopavi, other villages have taken this
flower to carry to their village. In tha t way,
they want to live and carryon the duties of all
the clan leaders as they were placed upon them
by Maasau.
So was the pattern established through
which all Hopi villages were built. It was all
according to the instructions given by Maasau.
The village leaders are appointed by the proper
religious leaders from Shungopavi. They have
the same obligations, duties, and authority as the
leaders at Shungopavi. Nothing happened by
chance. Everything was according to the dic-
Rainbow Forest Lodge
In the Petrified Forest
NAVAJO RUGS - GENUINE INDIAN JEWELRY
POLISHED PETRIFIED WOOD - MEALS
KODAK FILMS - SANDWICHES
COLD DRINKS
The Petrified Forest National Monument contains 92,000 acres.
It is open all year. Here giant trees that dwarfed the south­western
plains are now turned to stone.
P. O. ADDRESS - HOLBROOK, ARIZONA
tates of Maasau. Village life was established,
leaders were appointed, and different clans were
given special duties. The land was being taken
care of under the obligations of Maasau.
Our religious teachings are based upon the
proper care of our land and the people who live
upon it. We must not lose the way of life of our
religion if we are to remain Hopis, the peaceful.
We believe in that; we live it, day by day. We
do not want to give it up for the way of another.
For the benefit of our people throughout our
land, for the people to come after us in our land,
and for all those who care to learn we Hopis want
to be known among all other people thoughout
all other lands as the Hopi, the people of peace.
Let all people hear our voice.
People should not disregard each other.
There should be respect for each other. The
Great Spirit, Maasau, told our leaders that there
would be trouble and confusion if we disregarded
his way. If the Hopi way is followed, people may
be able to settle all things in a proper way, since
our way is based on the life plan of Maasau.
The Coming Of Bohamla
The Hopi lived among their villages a very
long time. They worshipped Maasau at their
altars and through their use of this land. There
was peace. No man raised his hand in anger
against another.
Then this person came to us from across the
great water and from another land. We call
him and his kind Bohanna, the white man.
Maasau, being a Spirit, met the Bohanna as
they came upon our shore.
The white man did not ask anyone for per­mission
to come upon the land. Maasau spoke
to him and said, "You should ask for permission
to enter on this land. If you wish to come and
Jive according to the way of the Hopi in this
land and never abandon that way, you may. I
will give you this new way of life and some of
the land.
Maasau, being a Great Spirit, looked into
the hearts of the Bohanna and knew that they
had many things that he wanted to do in this
land not according to the way of Maasau.
The white man asked Maasau if there were
some people already occupying the land.
(Oorntitnued on Pag,e 37)
More Women COOK with GAS Than All Other Fuels Combined!
IT'S FASTER ... BETTER ... CHEAPER . .. IT'S MODERN!
-22-
POW-WOW PHOTOGRAPHER
The finest pictures of Southwestern Indians ever made
at the big Flagstaff Pow-Wow have come from the cam­eras
of Ray Manley, commercial photographer of Tucson.
Mr. Manley is shown in the study above with Navajos
in world-famous beauty-spot, Monument Valley, taking
winter scenes.
Manley is a native of Cottonwood, Ariz., and started
taking pictures with a box camera as a Boy Scout. His
hobby turned into a business during his years at Arizona
State College, Flagstaff, followed by study at a famous
school of photography. In the Navy during World War II
he made pictures for the Navy.
He has made a cover picture for Holiday Magazine.
His photographs have appeared in the National Geo­graphic,
Life, Time, Colliers, New York Mirror, etc.
SEARS
ROEBUCK AND CO.
Satisfaction Guaranteed or Your Money Back
105 N. Leroux
FLAGSTAFF
Phone 56
- 23-
Serving Northern Arizona
WHOLESALE LIQUOR CO.
PEPSI - COLA
BOTTLING CO.
23 S. San Francisco Street
FLAGSTAFF. ARIZONA
GENERAL INFORMATION ...
(Corntirnued from Page 1)
A non-profit organization of Flagstaff businessmen,
"Pow-Wow, Inc." handle the countless details which go
into preparation of the big three-day celebration. These
men devote many weeks each year to carrying on this
work, which results in the fast-moving , exciting, colo-ful
events making up the big show. They work entirely with­out
pay.
Who Are Members Of The Pow-Wow Committee?
The men who work for months each year to stage
the Pow-Wow represent a wide variety of business, pro­fessional
and other interests. They include Neil V. Chris­tensen,
attorney, .chairman; T. M. Knoles Jr., bakery pro­prietor;
Andy L. Wolf, insuranceman; F. L. Decker, pub­lic
accountant; Bill Fennell, appliance dealer; Earl F.
Insley, director of athletics, Arizona State College; G. W.
JakIe Jr., committee secretary, who is chief accountant
for Babbitt Brothers Trading Co.; Ted Babbitt, merchant;
and Al C. Grasmoen, operator of the world-famous Ari­zona
Snow Bowl winter sports area and proprietor of the
Ski and Spur guest ranch. Bob Hansel, veteran rodeo
director, stages the afternoon shows. Mr. Wolf is an­nouncer
for the rodeos; Governor Howard Pyle serves as
announcer for the ceremonial pl'ograms.
~
INDIAN ARTS OF TOMORROW
(Corntinued from Page 16)
will preserve for generations to come the products of In­dian
arts and crafts of the past. These harve bee-n of per­ennial
interest to peoples everywhere since the earliest
days when Columbus and his successors brought back
to Europe as curios ities the tools, utensils, clothing, wea­pons,
and ritualistic symbols that were found wherever
contacts were made. North and south, and successively
Stfmbols of
farther west as explorers, soldiers, priests, traders and
voyageurs penetrated the cuntinent they found Indian art
forms and craft products that were so individualistic in
de.sign, in decoration, in type of material, in shape, in
color, or in method of manufacture as to provoke not only
admiration but to establish criteria for the identification
of people, tribes, or often individual workmen.
These arts and crafts had come out of the daily needs
of the people, even, or perhaps especially, those connected
with religious experience, the particular form being con­stricted
or determined by the materials available or at
hand. Canoes were variously made of bark, skins, or solid
trees; baskets were woven of reed, bark, twigs or skins;
dwellings were constructed of mud and wattle, bark
withes, clay, skins or rocks; and everything p .... oduced had
a simple and demonstrable purpose. The efficiency of the
Indian solution for many of the problems of local living
was easily apparent to the Europeans who lived among
them; and often the local ways were quickly adopt.ed.
The Indian canoe, easily the most efficient 'Vehicle on the
continent, was copied ""ith exactitude and used everywhere
for two hundred years; and the buckskin clothing was as
universally valued and worn. Indian foods aneL methods
of cooking were also adopted and often resulted in the
preservation of the lives of the users.
The settler:s who followed in the wake of the explorers
and traders incorporated many Indian products and
methods in their own living which have been passed down
to us of succeedjng generations. Because of them we have
corn bread, Indian pudding, maple syrup, baked beans and
succotash in our menus. In the Southwest, by double ad­justment,
tacos, tortillas, chili and tamales, all of which
we think of as Spanish, were also Indian in origin. N a­vajo
rugs, Papago baskets, and Pueblo pottery have long
been used as furnishings in many homes; and the ad.::>be
method of construction, taken originally from the Indian
and used for four hundred years has now become a pat-
••••
• In Arizona!
Just as the buffalo represented
great power in the past, so does
Reddy KHowatt symbolize electric
power today.
At the twist of a dial, or the flip
of a switch, Reddy is on the job
bringing you BET T E R LIVING
through economical, dependable el­ect:
ic power.
-24-
!
~ /
tern rOI" th most modern of modern house ,
With w much of ]ndian al't and cr~ft ~ ,n'en into th
fabric of m rican life ~nd Ihring, and with '0 many
nt"igitlUl- a vail.able, it call well be que. tioned H~ to \ hat,
:if any, pur pose is serve<) by 'on Un delict ~"ce upon the
Indian for what. ean be sO aD i1y, and is so widely, copied?
Such a conclusion might elUi[1y b te~dued if Indian a: is
and cl'8ftH had v ~ been ta.tie nr were w at the pre:!> nt
time. othing mor cou ld be e -pected of th m than has
Sprouse - Reitz Co.
Inc.
IFLAGSTAFF STORES
10, E. Aspen and 8 E. Santa Fe
STEAKS SEA FOOD
Henry's Sunnyside Cafe
M;~ed Drinks & Fln~ Food E. M. Coolt!<y. Pta-p.
, c The Bi"gC8/ and Old 3t
butiam C r ~nQ1Iial i,t TIt(' vfm-ld
- &'
D<'lily Service To
GRAND CANYON
AND SIGHT - SEEING TRIPS
THROUGHOUT NORTHERN ARIZONA
Nava-Hopi T ours, Inc.
P one 107 ond 157 P. O. Bo~ J29
FLAGSTAFF, AR IZONA
Calvnl F ll'y Chave~, L«{Jllna 'am. Feliw Indiml, is
fm oi tile olltstn·}vfil1g I'u,tis . of the I)'lttillt'Clft. His
booth a' :he Pow- i' ow i.;! O'iN~ of II! plipular leatul'
(II the e6l )n'flt1o'l. He ,featul'es quick ('ha-rcoai. 'j'Jifl­tiraitR,
but hit{ oil p ftilltinll~ depictino PluAJblQ ScC1l.e.'j wr~
l1WI"6 J·6frr.e8~'ft latit>" ~Jf th tlrti8t 'Iim~ell, and arc in
wide dm1tWf.td (f1ltong tho$ wlw lov~ altd vatu au.the~ltic
17ulitHl Offf.
:drea.d~' been produced. Long b f rc our fil"st-hano knn\\'l­edge
of them, howevel', t'ea(!hi JI: b!l.Ck hund['cds of yeol'2
before known coming of EuropeanH, hd4ns w'!;"e profit­ing
from contact with each other llnd eopyifl', adaptin',
xperimel1ting, and developing new id as 0[' ne\ solutio}):>
to problem · they alrel!ldy had, a. , for example, when th
(!arly Pueblos rubbed shoulder with t.he f'~tly 'Raske.
maker and 1'I1ade pottery vessels \'\;th the ribbed l'aLt.l!nl
duu'aCtmistie uf b~ketH mude with withe', sedges, 01'
bound gra es. Later, a.iter the ad\'ent of "arion!; ElItoPPIHl
roupR, th .y follo d the S3nl(! patb. wcaYmg a tcchuic,
a thod, a pat rn, n[' ~Iemonl that t.hey ob~erved int
th ir own Ih'ing, and producing from it a new produ t­The
nvajo to'lk the ~heep til >- ~ot fl"om the panish
and combining the woo they produced. til a\'ajo
rug. The buns Indians changed their ~ntiT"e habit of
liYing wh n they domesticated the wild progeJly ul the
European horses tlutt scap~d from i1Ieil' own 1': • ane. wi.th
the change b ught into their production n w art formR,
n w materials and new pmduc '.
'VhiJe th peoples Ih'ed their arts sun,i ·ed. but when
they disappeor d, \\I1l~ en"laved by 11l'lO'ading horde., 01-
w r merg d with the newcomers theil' ar h~am cr~'s­talliz
d in whatevl'l" exp - 5Ri ons th n ex1 ted, find 'e hu\"
today Gree).; art forms that were di~l inct' ve when Gre r..e
WD. enslllved b. R~lrn in t he S€cond cntul'~. B.C_., and
Aztec art that wa," distinct:i\'e in the ixteenth C~ntu!'~'
ATLAS TIRES
BATTERIES
ACCESSORIES
At Junction U.S, b6 & 8~
w. ,R. "Bi/'J" .PR'ESTON MINOR REPAIRS
LUBRICATION
POLISHING
YOUR FRIEN.DLY C.HEVRO N DEALER West of Flagstaff 24-Hour Service
-2"-
(CO'rtHnued frOIn Pravimt8 Page)
when the Aztee I'Illt!(l1'I dlsappe:'i.l"0d in p.n~lfl'ru!llt by Spain,
Indi.an a.rts and. crafts can go the same W"y if the
Indian is to disappeal·, l p-l\Ivillg his «ystalli:rMd acr;::ompIJ~'b­ment
in our mUS!!Ulns, in the more,· of ollr rnuntr>'. and
in our present adaptations to romlern lh'luJ;; hilt, fOI1.IHI­~
t ely, we have a choice, since th~ Indian s till exists aDd
be ha3 adequatP.ly pnl'."-erl his art w be vital and growing,
A choice in this miltter i;; dictated, however, by some,
tMIlR: m01'1!- than the mere pos jbiLity of Indian SUIT i .al
01' the present e .· p~d i ne)' in IncMan productiveness. Am­eri~
a i3m ply canDot afford ro lose its living AmericaJI In­dian
al'4;A and CF3fts. The 10,,"s of the-e s~ets would not
onlv acc:>ruCl to ourselves but to OUI" chi.ldrcn mid tlu'OuglJ
the~ to Kener-atiQJlS yet ullbor-Il, - to ..,,'hom v,'e owe l'I:!or~
than we can pay since we 11~'i'c in so mallY wa~ .. s Idread>'
ilippell into thei patl"flTlony. 'Ye oV,'e to 01i!' cbilclt'en thei1'
just. heritage in Am~rica, and We must li!C(I,F\'l1iz what
it should 00 and act upon our l"ec.()gnition. We ought
W assume a TeRpol1f1ili<ility to the~e ftitUl"C gener!!!tioIlS
that \\'ll.l;j not und@rstood by oUJ' fatbers who saw in th~
FLAGSTAFF MOTOR INN
Ce ter of Fhlg'staff
IIOS PIP I:iR, Operator
216 E. SoMo Fe
r-----------------~~~~-------------- ,
Richfield
313 E. Santa Fe
Phone 1 5
!
Oil Corp. I
H. A. FRANCE~ I
~
Ji']a.gst.c'''lf Agent I
,--------------------------------------~I
I "
WELOO ~E L TRA GER
SUNNYSIDE COCKTAIL LOUNGE
aoCKTA LS - DANCI G
Come As You e
resomce<i of Amer,ica an ilJjmitable 'upply. A static
memo,"y of thlngs pa.st or of formP-1" glOl"ie • such as \"e
ha,,~ of our fOt-eAb, our bl1l50ils, and our wBtel' supply
is simply not enough; nOlO lil'e apologies for cont mporary
car~les.snells, public indifference !l.nd political vemi..Jny sllf­iicient
to excuse us ftn11l fulfilling our duty. Our todB~' is
the fou1\da tion for their to~nol-row and a part of that
foundation shuuld be Ule living indigenouE lirt that JHL
JR!fnl ted and. influenced OUI" pI' sent living.
IT we prefpl' /10 to have this loss of th it" pat.rimoli)'
~hell the time ro do ·omet.hing about it is 1:1010'>; fol' if
nothing I.. dlJne now there ","ill be no ch..mcc to do any­rung
ffective later.
Iii Iillythin.R" that is d.one W pre .... ent th loss of Indian
arts and craftll three pri mary factors mu l be (I bAel'Ved
'rhe fjr~t important factor l!l tI'I Ina.iniain an integrity of
Il1.dfRD living, fot' a.rtiRtic effort without Lbis could l'esult
of1I~' in r~!letit h"e imitation. The Greek sc:ulptl'll' tra!1~
pOl-ted to slave lUXUl'Y in Rom wa able only to rev -al his
m ·moI'ic.l! and not bis aspirations. ~nd jmitations of
Indian nl"iginab; without Indian meaning can b produce<l
by m~hlni!" anywihere. A s~ond lmpnl't.. . nt factor i _ ttl
C1l~UJ:'e the retentioll by the Indian of his abillt~, tG proouce
his I:uts and craft~. Many of today's Ind.ians work in d~~­po!
H'a Jon and poV\!rtJ'; but the tim!! t lrinJ1: past when
st!ll'VaUOll in a gur:et ha heP-II general1y con ideh!d naces.
sar3" to the effuRhm nf :::-enius; and th boy or gid of today
will cn(l(l!')e, 1f he can, ill ntake a lhing rathp-[' than merely
to maintain an ·llistence. A third factor of imllortanc.e
L to Irlf"l'ease the india n 's possibility fill' Cl"~ tive IlrtistI,y.
f future In(li an art is to be a Iuut of Am PriCI;II then it
mu~t arise fr.om 101 brouder understandllll:" tban the Indhm
1l0\\J JlfJ.::;. alid it must oonb'ibute to a wid(!l- America tha.n
It now serves.. These !lire matters of education in the best
of American th.illlting and of training in th~ eff etlv~
use of iuols "ltd processes that supplement brawn or habit
mld J;ive the brain a chAne\: to ope}'ate. A good wo!·k­man
mm oft~n flo 'vell with poor tools .'111(t proeeASe5j but
h can alwlIYs du b tter with good olles.
To hrive cxpre~~ion to thes fnctors and t~ .'uPl'll' the
l1eceS£Oaty cU'1ti.nlling inlp lUi! to kCllp t~lem cnrrent, there
aloe 1'1 Dumb 1" of !\'teps that sh'luld be taken. It is ncce!:­sarr,
fi r1lt, to, recognize the pecuHsl' nil urll of Indian l!Ir"­ti<>
tl'Y. its sh ngth and it}; W r~kness, an.d to reinioree that
strength rather than try to ch!!flge the Indian or b:is
pl'Oduct IJ.ecllulie of iu. wcaklles.s. The Tildian is a .'rafts­man,
not a m:UiU ac~1.I rec. He Is a l'l indii idual worker ill
W~Dt Illa.y be othenlfifl"e a. oompaet and integrated society.
HJS produc~ flow from his recognition of illdhriduul and
not generalized needs. hI! can make .something special
for a sp\:[:ial pUl"J}O~e, but he cannot make just an~Tthing
fol" anybody. '!i!, work j .. contemporary and pl'odllCed for
f"()ntl:)mporal'Y UYlJIg. He mi ht U!<e El si.andardiz d technic
('If wea\Ting (11' an age-honored I'Illlthod. of potter>' nlakhlg,
,I"
! WESTERN HILLS / Flagst~H's New@st
I R'esta,urontand Motel / . .,d H,.,+
II Op en 5 !I.m. i-a, 10 p.m. lh Mile Eas
!_~_ _. _L-_E_O_N_ _M _E_l_V_ILl__E _~ _ _* ------D_I_C_K_R_'_TC·__H_Y_ ___, _____________o_ f _F'_a_gs_a_f_f_o nH_ iw_a_Y_O_b_ _____~
I nd ian Jewel ry
Concho Belts
Squash Blossoms
I mported Gifts
-26-
Leather Jackets
Hand Tooled Bags
Moccasins - Squaw Boots
Southwest Souveni rs
but h hM neVI!ll" msd a stalldlll'dized product. Uerein
li~. ~ strength and th~ weakne.!lS' the st.r~ngth beillg tile
Vll".lhty of the concept. and the weakness being the paucity
of the product. Wa.yS rna 't be found to give s()ulIdneA..'l
to the olle aM value to the oilier, Quality and pri~e Itllll!lt
g<l t.ogether.
. A~ imperative need is for expa nding outlets lor .I n­dian
crafts tlta t a l'e based Oil the handcralt ch..1.mctcristjC's
of indhid.liIality of the produc " ·. on the one nand, IHld of
meeting lh!: COil temporary need of the buyer" ~n tile
other. Indian go.)ds sl10uld not be cl.U'iosities to provoke
Q !'nom en tary reaction o[ pa ·sbll;" interest but should
be lIeee:gSJl~'y adjWlcts of contempor:uy lhing. Ther-e is a
we]] l~gniz.ed EUld growlng market ill rnerica for in·
dMd:,ally pm~u~ed unique Pl'GUucts of high Qlualit.y that
rontnbute to il(jng contemporary neer! ·. TlIi!l i a rnaTk~t
W which t he Indl n can cOlltribute without changing his
activUies or his methods, but in ol1der to do so hI! mu.st
hll.V some jd~u. of what thes~ need.. are and be given
(and take) SOllte suggestion_ apago baskets des.igncd nnd
mHlp d fot' storing seeds an~ grainJi from a d sect. nal'Vest
a1"1l of decorative value to a few and. of limited liRe to
mlln)'; bu,t a similar basket haped to hang gracefu1l3' from
the ann ()f a ~ew E_nglanod homlQ',vife gathering her gal"­den
flowers mlgh ml a real need.. Indian-do.sign d and
p~dl1ced hand.- ~'I'ought table silver mlght. well C'ompete
With any ~th r domestic or f oreign o!fl!l·i ng. Pottery
shapes deli1S"Jled not so mueh to 'ontJnue th pattern M
stora~ pots or oi wumowing bowls, but of IndirU1s' dc~
wgn to provide bllls:e;g :1'01' la.mps for modem tables might
well m et a market that would delight an Indian w f ill.
There are undoubtedly many ways in wWeh this ne d
of expanding outlets might be achiev d, but t hey ail "e~
s~rve ~nto som 1J1'm of liaison betweell the Indian ana
Wesfern Liquor S fore
PACKAGE LIQUORS
102 S. San Francisco Phol1e 831 ·M
• Mobil Prod ueis
FLAG'S,TAFf MOTEL
1112 Miles East on i1ighw!ly bb
Phon e 0 9.J I fla9,st~H
. T e .oai · pr.P#'
the market h would. seek. In I;j.ome WU~' the needs of
t he market must be brClught hI his attention; nd in 151)mf!
Wll~r his product JIlUlit b brought to TIl !!lIrht. For many
years the Indian was mainly copying the sClntirnentalizen
l'emaio of his form l' sl'!lf-suificienc>T, continued by hjm
b cause it WIIS a sdpplemelltal sourne of il!lcome, and the
product ~as exploited by traders whofie prime service
was confin d to Olul~way outlet,,,_ They took what the
lndii\'!I!; had to oUer. IUld t lHl3' offered. ....., hat : hey took.
The ~I;!rm of a future advisory council on Indian self­realization
e.xi5~ in the rnHI1:\, in&penrlcJlt agen cies thnt
nnw oF'il!rate-; and Lbe urganization of H1,J ['h a ,eouncil that
,",,'ollid include 1:"~pre-gentathes (of ull of the group' entitic~
of Indians p~us representnt i()Jl of all those hose f iNgers
are IJn the. pulse 0 eonrumpor11i'Y needs, - decorators,
fI'Iaga'Zine b08.rti!;, bUYCI'S, trude palil!rs, a dverti~ing agen­cies
, trade outlets such as some museU1ll5, ni~ny st.ol'es,
all d Tn rI. t. seasonal snopil, EUld a host of nllmufacturin~
ag'ilncies fOl' which Indhms l.."Ould pruvide designs, motifs,
(lxpel"iInentru Pl-ooucts and pIa ItS.
A final need is that the IndiHn mll~t have a fin s-n­cial
retlnn C'ornmensurate with his effort. It ItlUst be
adequate to m t. the ~xp:;llldjng needs of his wa)' 0
life, fOT othel'\~~ise he will be foret;!{) to work at t'.Omething
rnOFe lucrative, or f~ll illto hopeless de -netudc. If he
d(f~ the fh-st he merge-s e~"'entua 11 y .... -1 t h. the gene [ ~l
population ; and if the ~eeund he eventually disappears
f!'Olti the face of the p.lll'th,
jJ-;~ry form. oi re'tllJ;n that is open to anyone should
be ,explured for an tI by thl! Indian, a.ndo l2.:.1eh should find
its place in hill general eeonom~'. Direct sale is onlY' one
of J111,al\~' f~rms of return. for them a.re many cmfi types
where only a pOI-UQn of the final pr-oduet. ·s el'aft -pJloduee<!,
This po-dion, however', J'lltould bring in its PL'U pOl,tionate
"etum, for it rna)' ftH-m an important typ of r evenu.e.
Royalties fo!' designs for abrj~. for types of cenull icg,
for specialized products; :1'01' eil,"erware, jewelry al ld DUm)'
otltaralable ariicles sIrould wen 9. 'erue to the IndiBtl!i
who produce them, and such I!~aft~ should be proteded.
by copyright, by trade moo-k, and by patent.
When aU if'! said and dOlle, ttl help est ablish l-hl!
hltiioW.l in his WlJ!]ue place in t he A mericnn productive
ec»nomy. W belp him provide an adf!qullt.e and Tern~,lJ1 era.­th'e
Qlltlet fOI' Iris gOQds, and to enable bim to take the
same pride in hi f uture that he has in his past, is a.ll
that the Inll-an needs in QI1ler t!J survive. He could not,
thus,. help but fill a defined and hOllored 'Place ill tilt! Am·
erieaof t vtnOl"I'O'o\\'. It is the gOal of he proposals of t he
soc ially responsible If! ri lator, the enlightcne-d hn yeT", and
of aU tbe Ind lans' good neighbo~ll' near and far, It is the
01'1 way in ""hieh t.he <lesign of selfish politiclua, tbe
intrigues of \ nat lawl'"Crs, and the envy of ra pacious
neigh bOTS can be fl-u::;tl'ated. The ndian arts a.nd crafts
of the futuro t:an alone guarant e that there will be ~n
Am.erican Iltdian of tomorrow.
----..
Gener,al P'etro/eum Corp.
FRANK and DON CH RISTENSEN. Agents
MOBILGAS MOllllOIL MOBIL TIRfS -
FlagSTaff
Motor Inn Service
Flagst,aH Motor Vilage
GOR.DON BECKLEY
Service Siotion & Motel
"ONE STOP SERVJCE"
Frank Padilla's
SANTA FE SERVICE:
COM PLETE AUTO SERVICE
Tires • Tubes - Accesso ries
O. 1. fhOWd E. • ao1.'\ Fe Phone 109 402 E. Santa Fe Phone 829· W 208 W . Santa Fe
AM ERICAN ~ NIDIAN CU l TU R ES
( onti nlled ,"'(1m Page 8)
and po, er to the 'comunidad. a d supplies half
of the eJ,ectrieity i1 eded by the town of J uaja,
four miles a way. An electrica]]y run flout' mill
gril'ld~ the corn of the comunidad; t hus t he
WOmen arereJeased for leisure 01' f 01' the cr af s.
M liJquiyauyo h~ built, ttl ~oug h community htbOl",
a rural schoo] for 300 pupils, and has presented
RIORDANS INCORPORATED
OMPLET I UR . CE
FLAGSTAFF KI G~1A ·
Phone 6 - Box 299 Ph Blue 156 ~ Bo 4.43
Where The re'$ a JOHNSON SEAHORSE -
n ere $ Fun
Motor Supply Compa'ny
13 N. Aga~s i, FI~g~ aft. Ariz_
Arizo'na Stoc.kmens Loan Co~
Ownd and Operated by A.rizona Cattlemen
Franl'\: C. Armer, Exec. Vice-Pycs. & gr.
Phone 526 Flagstaff
Commercial Hotel
AcrQ~S From Santa Fe Depot
Flagst H, Ar izon~
GORDON1S
LIQUOR and SPORTING GOODS
Sf<jre H1;>u r ~ 9 (l ,m tog 1 (I p.m. - SUna O)'l 12 Noon t ~ 8 p,"",
Gordon han1, Owner
24 Hr. er-vice
Washing
Lubrication
Phone 555-W
Se'ITice cans
Phone 177-W
Free Pic up
and Delivery
it to the government. Here iR witnessed the
mila of Inca days, before the Spaniards pe'vet I
it. Every ab1e~bodied ma,1e contributes lahor to
the public work. Women may ubstitu for the
mal s of their family. Out of i s commtmnl fund,
the comunidad fUl"fli shes to parents a bonus of
fiv sols 10 each male infant born, and two allrl
a half soles for each female infant. When a
child, eeking addi iona] chooJing, or a young
man or woman, seeking university training-,
leaves t he comunidad, the communal treasury
subsidizes him.
Muquiyauyo is one of the many omunidades
(th~re exist, even, co-operative federations of
comunidades) wh ieh demothltl'ate not mCI"€ly th
It towing" c.apacity of Indian societies but their
competence for new adju~tment. I has brough
to Hfemany 0 the ancient valu 8, has modern­ized
the itnlnemoriaJ man-nature co-operation,
and has displayed readiness for innovation :md
t he capacity to hmovate.
In Greenland, the 1i erate Eskimo cultur e,
two centuries old, ha pf'(}du d nov 18, po -try,
histories., dnunn, a free Pl'€ s nnda perfectly
normal merger of the Eskimo way with th Euro~
pean Danish. In A]a8ka We find that most of the
Eskimo communities ca.rry forward distributive
co-operation, modern styl, wah p ·rfeet easy­going
sUcCess. Yet their social forms and t.heir
personaility types remain large y what they Were
be ore the arHest contact with any othel' model'll
men.
'We go (lown 0 th - Warm southeastern
A1asl.;:an was and discover the l\,'letlakatlans, a
west-coast tribe which, within the memory of
the Ih~ing. was up ooed and driven in migration
from Canada. Ve find a sociaJ organization
,-vhich is an an-emhracing co-op 1'31 i\l~ common­wealth.
wholly modern i its forms . Fishing
and canning arE! a corpOl'Breenterpri e; the muni­cipality
own and operates all of its utilities, in­eludingelec
l'ici ty. When. here a nd there ~lround
the wQrld, relief needs pl'e. nl thefIL'5elves, Metla­ka
tla send::; its ,check unsolicited. Complete mod·
emity. em bra.cing t he uufol'got en past!
The,n we come to the Hopi Indian society of
th orthern Arizona pla.teau. In it b autiiuJ
but very difficult dese1' 1and, on its high rock­me
as swept by 81..0 'm and hl'ooded over by sun
nnd stnrs which seem. very n ar, th Hopi raoe
has sustained an unbroken, undiminished con­tinu
ity for more than f ifteen h undred years.
t 1 r hole past mOves on expJieW 3' and c.onscio uilly
into i s present; and all is magnetized :h·om a
future w ich draws the tribal sou] as a wo 'k of
urt in proces.s dra\v,s its Cl'eaOO.r . Through .aJl im-
The Little Brown Jug
Your 7-day a wee Mid night
GROCERY
Be·er • Wines I I I 5.. Sitg rea ves
-28-
mense~ cea, el-'5 aC ion of the will, th Hopis be­U
ve tha th y help to sustain the unive}'s .
Food and water must be Wl"e ted by the
Hopis from a semi-ari.d land. Famine. through the
cen uries, has he n an ver-prel'ient threat •• tnd
often a 2"rim l'eaclity. Yet the Hopis have met
the challenge of the desert on the physical as
w 11 as on the social an(] piritual ]evel. The
dp elt forced them to develop a remarkably
effective technolog}" of d 'Y 'arming. On the
social level. it forced on them a democratic, co­opera
i ve ~ocial slruc ure which tol era t.ed no
wHste of human ene1'gy and no individual self­fleeking.
Seen as a whole. the Hopis area profoundly
and intensely· praetiealpeopl. That natul'e-ma
consti ution which they have built through their
ago swill ineorporate any gain-and new tool or
goal-which i contributive to Hopi destiny. Hopi
inner life is not small or eccentrk, but catholic
and cosmic. The Hopi s \vodd-view and art of
s ·]f-making are no less c.ongenial to he world's
futUTe than 0 h'8 O'iMn p'lst. Th ooportnnity
fOI' teaching and for wise administration is im­mense
and fascinatiuf!. jn terms of the Hopi.
But the ltl l'e intrusion of influence is mostly
wasted effort: \Vhe11 succesflful, it . , in the de­gr
of i :-5Ucce s, only harmful. But 'creative
social planning is wihin th Hopi' scope now as
of oM; and the modern social sciences ca.n become
the Hopi's tools no Jess than ours.
Antonio Gal'cia of Co umbia has pointed out
that the old a salilt a rainst the India" ocieties
has been marked by two 00 lditions. One condi­tio
, the more commonly taken in 0 account, was
the attemp ed extermination of the ocietie., and
it failed. Tl1e othercondi ion was the exclusion
of the societies fmm the flow of political power,
of economic . enefits and of technolo)r},". What
wou]d the Indian societie.... become. wha. would
1,ey ac11iev • if thisecond condit'on were re­versed?
Would their powel' to create, within t he
national and th world etting, pro'" to be as
great a their PO' er of resistance, of endurance
and of inner re ~eneration?
] have certain pred' e ions to make, growing
out of my years of absorbtion with the Red In­dian
situation, my life with them. my e forts fo'
them as Commi sioner.
The Western Hemisphere na ions inCl~sing­Iy
will base their Indian programs on the Indian
~o ·1a.l grnups. They wilJ do this \,1 th greater
boldness and inventivenes a exp l'ience 's ae­cumulat
d. is l' corded, and is interchanged
among nations.
The India11 ~ociet'e' wi l ke p their ancient
democracy. sometimes adapting it to the larg-er
tasks which they will take 0 themselves, sOme­times
,,1 h no adaptation at alL There wi 1 e ist
productive Indian local democracCies to he num­ber
of forty thousand or more-democracies
(Plea.<w Tun! Pag!!)
REFR IGERA TORS WASHING MACHINES
RADIOS
Flagstaff
Furnitu.re Company
FlOOR COVERINGS
A.rrowhead Motors
TEXACO
PRODUCTS
Complete Automo ~ive Service
14 W. San'Td Fe Phono 2b2
Flagst·aff
Lumber Co.
!
~~~ _ ~ __ J
3 M iles Ea~t of Flagstaff on Hiway 66 Pho," 129-J I
Ge·b .. , • ,] ,· 500 S Chix
FRIED CHICKEN AND CATFISH BOXED TO GO - PlenTY Pa rking Space
--------------------------------~
- 29-
(Cmdhtued front p" . ViQ1l~ Page)
social and economic, not merely political. These
Indian socia] unit, will becom federated within
nations and 0 er na iona] boundaries. They ,,,i11
r'affic with the 0 her social l;,'1'Oupings within
he nation!l, par icula1'ly with labor with oon­ervation
bodies, wi h reseaTch 'nstitutions, w·th
organizations oncerned with the arts.
The e Indian societies will supplement thei'
Featuring Chinese and American Foods
Grand Canyon Cafe
FLAGSTAFF'S NEWEST EATING PLACE
~ -
~~E 'ORAIIIDIRG IQON~
.!M.a1 t....-r.1~ IS g h~'lH'r 1wn'S.~
Western Clothitl~fo.r Men, Women
and Children
W · ~1 rn Gift
Oppo ite anta Fe Depo
~---------------------------------~
I
,:1 Office Equipment and Supplie5
I 10 W. AtpBil Ph,;mB 221
--..-
THE ARIZO'NAN
MO+o:r Lodge ~
HACKARD liNN ~
Own ed and Opera ted by
l\rIr. and Mn. T. G. Engstrom
1300 Flagstaff~ Arizona
Meet Your Friends At The
EI Patio
Gefe and Cocktail Lounge
•_ _"_W__h_er_e_ _th_e_ _B_es,t _ _inP _ .F_Po_o._d. _<!_ln_d _D__ri_n_ks_ _A_r_e_ _S_e_rv_e_d ~"
ancient co-operative forms with modern co-opera,.
tive forms; they weU may bec.ome the major
embodiment in our hemisphere of the co-opera­tive
movement of the 'wol'1d.
With the advanc of Hintegra]" edtlcation, in­e1uilintr
bilinp:ual literacy, he realized m n al po­tential
and he octal energy of the Indian
t50detie , and heir biological vigor, win increase
by hundreds, even thousands of pel' c.ent A
hU"~e number of th ir indj iduals will pass out
into the zenerallife of their nations, and hey win
pass into increa.r;]ngly higher social levels. But
thev ";em not become d'''orced from the ocieti-es
which formed hem and j!3V them th IT o:rienta­tion.
and thus they wi]] playa part in the world
of th future ou of)e son drawn from the past.
As the Indian societies move 'from their
fOIJl'-Centllries-lon2" delayinJl;' action into a can­fi
den t and l'e:i oicin~ ad vanta fte. e "pression .a]ong
man Hnes of literature, of the arts, nfJ'lelilrion
and of l)hHowph:v win come into beinlor". The
anciel'Dt-modern Indian affirmation of the death~
lesr:. man-n~ ure relniion!> 'In d ll. f Ow into Doeh-v
and svrnho]ic art of cosmic intensi y, t 'anql1'li­ty
and cope.
The movement will be inward and outward
at. one and the same ime--inward to the world­old
smimrs. buried or never huried. which ti11
flow beeau~e th .0 j, ties have not died; oubYard
to thp world of events and affai s.
There w'n com to dawn in he nation!l, the
Jh(Uan~ DJaving their part, two realiz.:'ltiom;. The
-First. ttU'IJ their !loBs, 'atel'S, forests, wild life,
th whole wp,b of life '''Thich Uosta.ins them, are
beinll.' wastecl-often irreparably and iatal1y. The
other hat their local community life, thir l.ocal
d(imocrac:v. their values ",rhich aI',e required for
beau y, wi~(lom and trensrth- their very soci~
eti S-a:re , .. 'asting away ,ev -n a their natural re­SOurc.
es are wa t.ing. s these re.alizations in­crease.
the nations. win turn to their Indian
societies increal;inl!'iy. eeking the open secrets
they bav, to }'eveal.
AU these good thin,rs win comero pa s if
th nations win maintail"l and increase their
enterprise and l'e ear h into Indian n ed and
Indian power. lore lowly, less ded ively they
wi1l Come about even if the nations regress in
theil- ndian program. For the delaying action
of he IndIan societies and 0 that spirit they
r pre ent is needed, Th ':/ have proved ha
lIey anno be de troyed, and they are now
advancing into the lVor1d.
Since the year 1950, he tribal, community
and gTOUp HIe of United States a.nd Alaskan
Indians has been under a cumulanve attack with-
- , - - - - __ -".-,. _ if_ ,
Hardware • P,ainter's Supplies
S~~~~!S
Housewears To ol~
in the Administration at Washington and within
Congre s, The atmek is focused .against the
Indian Reol"ganiza ion Act of 1934-the Act of
Congress embodying the Indi.an poJicies of the
Hoover Fl",esidency, the Roo~evelt Presidency; and
the fil' t years of the Truman Presidency_ The
egsenc of that Act was {and is, since at this
writinll,\ AP1;l, 19f.4. the Act stands um'epealed)
to autho i~e and help aU Indian tribes to inte­j!
rate their Jives politically, @conomically and
cuttura11y, to safeguard their lands and othr re­SOUl'Ce~,
and inct'e,'1se them. and to live success­fully
within th fram work of olemn tr,@ati os
and other compacts which were design ed to make
Indians and the Go,," tnment successful partners
h), , eaUve American enterprise.
The method of intended d stnlction is that
of omnib s legis1ation strikin2' at an th hibes.
andnumeTOus /l;neda] bHls :5 rikin~ at Dartieuial"
trib -..... aUto t;he same end: that th tl" aty
frflmework shall be ignored and d stroyed. the
friba] COl1~titlltions Rnd charters !lhaH he out­lawed,
and the gl'OUp 1ire of Indians shall he
nulvpriz4'l7.ri. O}1e of thp nmn~buR mp='l U1' f". l)et'ame
'aw in 953 (HR. 1063, now Public Law 280').
It authorizes any state to substitute i~l;! av,-rn code
of 1.'lwS for the tribal codes and for tribal
customs. with no l"eQ'uro for Indian eon~ent. Pres­ident
Ejl'l{!l1hower termed the bill a '~h1ost un­Christian
ap1Jroach'~and then signed it, voicing
tll hope hat a. futul'€' Cont:!'l"€ s would mend the
errOl'. The en or at this writing has not be€n
mended.
Rut Public Law 280 w.as onty a Ustal'ter"~
to the men and groUhS ,'vhose pumORe is that
Indian life shan be dill.solved utterly away. I
do not,he1'e, identif:v the more thana dozen bilJg.
drafted or ndorsed b:'ir the Interior Department.
which strjke at particular tribes. Thefl' Tla.'ttetn
is uniform. They provide for the termination of
t.he Federal trust; they repeal, for eaeh tribe in
turn, the Indian Reorganization Act: they a'boHsh
the tribal constitutions and charters an d eon t=:e­Quent
oo'ganizations, formed pursuant to the In­dian
Reorganization A' t ; they move toward the
breaKing up of the tribal properties into indivi­dual
fragments; and they ignol'e or active~y defy
the Senate-ratified treaties and he munerous
other bi-lateral compacts , rhieh are the basis
of Federal Indian law and policy.
The tobd effed. if the frightening present
treni! continues, will be all . notmous ],egalized
101'lt:ing of Indian lands and other proprtie , and
tl- ... killing or dtiving underground of the Indian
cultures. Those who want-to know more, and
to do something of Use to the Indians, should
address themselves to }\III's. ). artha Jay. Institute
of Ethnic Affairs. 2928 S" Buchanan. Stre.et,
Arlington 6~ Va. ;or t~ the National Congress ,of
American Indians~ DuPont Cirde~ Washington,
D.C.; or to tbe Association on Amet"ean Indian
Affairs, Madison Avenue near 86th Street, New
York.
-31-
Greetings
ELPASO NATURAL
IS PROUD TO
SERVE FLAGST AFFr
HOMf OF THf
POW .. WOW
EL PASO NArU RAt. GAS.WCOMPANY
HOPI CRAFTSMAN .. . ,
f emil i rmer[ f I'am Pag e (3)
Hopi :\!o back to 300 A.D. and b fOore, pottery
making to at !eas't 600 A.B., and the weaving of
cotton to 9(10 A.D. 'The use of wool belOo gS to.
the hh:; orie p rioiJ aft -1' 600 A.D., when the
Snal1i h ·n -'oduced sheep and goats. The craft
of he si1venvorkers has been deve]Ooped ,among
the Hopi during the 1ast 60 years.
The HOoI i Craftsman Exhibition helps to
preserve the craft of the HO.I i and encourageB
the p ople to continue the work so tllat mOore
peop]e ean see and enjoy he na ient cl'uftsman­r;;:
h-}J and r 'j ndli ess of the Hopi.
A NCI ENT SOUTHWESTERN
people.
louses are not he Oonly soUrCes from which
we learn of the ancient people that once roamed
this h:tnd lhal is now AriZOM. Oth):' evidences
teU us the reasons ",,'hv these people prog-l"essed,
chan~d their typ Oof dwellings. al el'ed their
livelihood and migrated to othm' p1aces.
In some manner or means a llrimiti v . typ
of eorn found its way from Middle America to
the Southwes and introduced a new food where
th r ''1'as sufficient rainfall to mature tn new
ero\). Squash, then eventually beans and cotton,
arri ved. Wi th the prod cts the people coou ld
have a l)el'manence of abode. and with it came
advanc ment in their culture. They had the time
to improve their home and way of life ,and
imprOove th implements of their wOl~k, They
learned 0 WeB. ve haske s to hold he harvested.
crops. riley w l'e able to supplement their
aglicultural diet \'tith mea on oeca ion with the
aid of bow and arrow a d would still gathe!:'
lIerde', nut and herbs from native plants.
Clothing- was made from c.o tOon .'lnd ~ltive plants
as well as animal skjn~.
A big facto .. in the lives of the Pueblo
THOSE WHO KNOW -
people in the southw st ,'as pot ery. Vessels
w re made of clay and then fired so ha they
would be durable and then the pottery vess Is
were used for stora.ge purpo es, fo carrying and
holding- water, for eooking and eating and fOol'
cer,emonial use.
From time to time the decoration on potter;~j'
or style of pottery wou1d change, just as the
mode1s. styles and color of our automobiles
change:. It has only be n about three decades
since we have progl'essed from the Model "T"
to the present day two-tone cars with eh)'Ome
trim, ,,"h@rea the style of pottery would change
more slowly. Some changes would take several
d cade or even a century.
Th change in pottery ha. WOoved beneficial
tOo the arch ologjst in identifying groups of
people, the time they occupied a par icular area
and their migration to other places. The ruf­ferent
classes of pottery can be placed in certain
~3. tegories, much the same as a p rSon of tod<\y
might ry to eparate earp, hy make, model, style
and eolOl'.
By meanS of the .ub:u_ndmn~ () eultural D13tel'ials
found, til!: !'I1'cbeo Illgi t hilS been able to piC?ce wgether
the paUern [,f four ba~ic groups in he !>O\lthwe~t. The
"hange nam~8 chosen to identify the ~e fuur groups ~Il'e
"Anasazi", "Patayan", "Hono1l:am" Elf\d "MogoUon". The
first thl'@e fiutn 8 we!'C takltll from the di a 1 I'cts of nl ndeTn
hu:l.inn gl·OUpS and meant IIPJJroxJml~te!J' "The anelf!lIt, or
old people." The lfilh't' name eomefl from the monntain
n~I] ,~'p. of east cllnirOLl Arizona and westenl Ne'w Mexico_
The lIaMl~i orlgimL 11y lived in the al'e:l (alon~ the
San .Juan River :md its tributarie:) tll~t is .~ouUJ\w~ -tern
Colo ~ ~do" nnl,thwf;'.-te<m New Mexico, SQutheastel1'l Utah
and l1ortllea:st£!l"ll rizona, This ~ll'ea was ot.-eupied frum
ooiore the st~rt of the Chri ~ LiaTi eru until approxinmtcl:i'
13011 J\. D. Thf!r ar many early C~lYe sites ill ev·del'l(,~
col the earl ier periods- il1any pit hOUSof!5 co",!'!}" II time
period from appmxil'l'llitely 300 to 700 A. D. Baskets we--e
w 1:Il' ~n du}"hlg the early period and pottery mj.king st.art.ed
IIb~Jut 500 A. D. I:Ind continllf'd to modern imes. The ma!'i~
om)' house jde~1 WII.~ initill.tt!.) .uppr-oxi natel,' 700 A. D,
(small lna.-ulll·}, structUl' entil'ely ab{llve gl"Ound) and con­till.
LJ~d intomoa!:rn timell, althrouj1:h the. ize rem9itu'!il ~l'Ilali
until airel' 1000 A. D, in ml>si of thE! .urea. Mo!;L of th~ com·
num al hou~~_~ and eliff village we-e built betweeJl 1000
and 134)0 A. D. and tl1hc wa;>!: the r.1H~~ic.a l p'ri[ld ~]f thE!
POW·,WOW WITH BUDWEISER
KLI'C,K DISTRIBUTORS
"CLICK WITH KLICK"
!
I <>Ir-q.,. 5'"~ ~ "'"'~""'" &"",,,,,,,,,
I PRESCOTT· fLAGSTAFF - CLARK.DALE • C01TONWOOD • WILLIAMS
-~~~----------~
THE BANK OF ARIZO'NA
--32-
Alla~ll.l!:i ar.,a with flou '{sbing cllltlllral ccnters slleh as
Betal.akill, Keet Seel. White Hou{le and others of canyon de
Chell)'. Cliff Palace 0011 BalcOll)' House of MeSA Verde,
~Ild t he large Pueblos of Chaco CaJlyon.
The Anll.l!al.i culture gTAW and fllluri!;lted in th a rea
(If the San Juan River and then WIIS forood to 3bandon the
land ~I'l the last lu1l1 01 the 13th centur>" becaus of iii
severe drought. IUId possibly Qutside pl'e~"-ure from 5emi­nomadic
and aggressive group;s neal·by. The .Anru!G.zi
moved. fol' the most part to the upper regions of the Rio
Grande in wha.t i~ !'lOW N ew l'iIe~ic/'l. IirJ any pueblf) and
alS(l rtlins of pueblos may be seen fr;()m AJbuqUIlI-qu.e tu
Tae s. New Me ko, including th dwellings of Bandelier
National Monument.
The P'atayan (;ulturruarea which covered. nor th\!;'eS't­e-
m Aj'i~{)n.a from PI'eBct'ltt- Fla~Btaff ~'l.Tea west is a. JitUe
known area. It may have ool.!n occl!Ipied until about 12.00 A .
. D. then abandoned and it is believed that th@ mooem YIl­man
tribes of the LoweI' CQ]orlldo River and too Wa]apai
and H avasupa.i of northenl Arizona may be the descend­ants
of the people that once inhabit.ed th~ area.
The Honokan'l ~u l tu.nl cenief'ed in the dP-Bert vall eys
of south central Arizona, howevN', evidence indica ted t/tut
at SOIilIi t.ime thill ~ul ture extended as far north as t he
vicinity of Flagstaff ..
Early dwell rugs were pit hous similar tu the pit
hollS s of tlle Anasa2) area. These occurr8d singly and in
the fOrnl 01 vi1lag-es. Liveliholld! W~s dependent on the
gat.hering of mesqu.ite and serew bl:iaJIs, cactus t l'Uit, lind
the irrigation of Corn. Some hut illg and fisning were
done, but. this .vas minor_ PotOO'l')· llec.Ul7ed ell. Her iII the
lin hilkut area. than it did in tho Anasazi dish-ict. Thev
]mped th.cif' pot.cry by paddling the clay to male th~
1{ - ~~e l walllJ thln. whereae, tho Armsazai used el fl y clift
to build lIlP tile wall s. then tbill.lled them by scraping.
The Hoilohm built large pul<blo · of caliche, II Limy mud,
daring the classical pel'iod of their cmlt Ul"e. ReD1nEln~ /'If
these struct.ures c..an sUIl be seet! at Casa Grande National
MOl'lulTI ent. Ileal' C<ioLidge, ~nd Pueblo Grande Muni ·jpll.l
1\1 Onlll1'lCnt Ileal' Pho~nix.
The area of the Mogollon r.:over~ i9II»ItJile9stern and east
centr9l AriwlIa and. southwestern a.nd wl<lre central New
Mexico. Tile inhabitants of thls area were dependent
more on hu.nt]ng and ga tb~l"ing than on tlle cuIU,,'ation
of eorn. 1'-hey seemed to be behind. the ANRsaza i .aM H,o­.
nokam in t.he clllthrn U on [If TOpS and ;l1so in hou.se types.
The pit hOl!1se remained in their pattern Qf lif until a.b~u t
1000 A.D , The maSOll l"y d\ .... ellinjpl were slow iT! PJlogress·
ing. but theil' pottery did not I neg" It Wu~ ill. l1~e between
400 A.D" all.d 500 A.D. and d1lI'ing the classie,al period of
1050· 1200 A .. D. It waa unrh'a]ed in the Southwest fIR"
~ol'.atiol'l an d workml.!lllsbip. Many bdi@ve that some of
the Mogollon journeyed to Chihuahua, »Ifexico,as well as
to tlle Zuni Pueblo and ax as of N I!W Mexi Co' when the a1'ea
.va~ abandoned apprOXimately 1200 A.D.
A branch eul tu~ thlllt ha.s not a ' yet ~en a signed
to any part.' cu.hu" g roup is t hat. of t he SinaJ,'"II.a. T h i~
culture gTi<W and f louri.shedf'rom the !lre.a lu'ound Fla,,·
staff southward down to th V -l'de VaUey to the 8111t
River .
TiI£ reJation;ship ~o ul d be to any of the ba-lliccultures·
men i(med but it seems more likely to have it/;l roots in the
hIogoUon or Pat ayan ~u l tll.te· aJld Lhete al"e a. rewind' ~
cat.ions it may prove to be the Pat.aya.n. At any rn.te,
t his bl-a th oecl!Illied. a sizeable area and \Va much lih
t.he oLlIeI' cultures mentioned. The lIlrea. which theyoccu.
pied was also a.f fected by the 4[,.,ught of 1276-1299 and
rna n)" of thern mM'ed southward and did not l'eooc:upt
the Flagstaf:f area, hOVo'ever, ~me su:nri.voI'~ may have
joined the If opi PUBblos of nortbern Arizona.
Many ruins dot the Verde Va lley IUld some have b Bll
(P'f'a.~e T 1.t1'1l. Page)
Hubbard
Refrigeration Supply
Sales HritJi Service
105 W_ Aspen Phone 354
----
FLAGSTAFF, ARIZONA
Flagstaff - Hoi brook
Gray Mountain
T rading Post
24 Mil e~ North of Fh!lgdaff on U.S. 89 M:
edge of Navaj 0 lind ia,n Re~eT'Yation
NAVAJO RUGS AND SADDLE BLA NKETS
INDIAN JEWELRY ANI) CURIOS
CAFE
Ea rl Reid Konneth St anfill
_,1
Babbif# In'vestment CO.
OAK CREEK HOM~ITIES
1
~ GEORGE BABBITT, JR_
REAL ESTATE
FLAGSTAff, ARIZONA
I q N. SAN FRANCISCO. PHONE 422
-33-
PILAGST AFF HOM ESITES
R, H, QUACKENBUSH
Acme Cleaners
I II N. Leroux FLAGSTAFF Phone q
OORE DRUG CO.
VANDEVIER LODGE AND'
DINING ROOM
FLAGSTAf 'S FI EST ACCOMMODATIONS
AT THE UNDERPASS FLAGSTAFF
Prochnow's News Stand
Aromatic. Tobaccos - NeW5pll pers - Mllgazines
6 N!. San Franc;!"" - Pharo. no
• PHO E 79
JACK YOUNG,
CHEVRON SERVICE
124 E. Santa Fe Flagstaff. Ariz
Highway Diner
A GOOD PL.AiCE TO EAT
FLAGSTAFF WINSLOW WILLIAMS
Qp~rOiting Fl(lg.t",ff R"",II)' & Inourom... CQ.
(ConNn.ued from PreViQU.8 Page)
un 'overed for I.h public to see, Sinagua ruins can be "t·­it.
cd. at Tuzigoot. 1I10lltezuma. Castle. 1\Iont~!.lIma W II, and
WUflstki Nationll.l Manurnel1ts.
Thel"e are mallY Ineas c~mtn i nLng ruins that have
been Ret lI..f1icle !i:!> i ational Monumenl'J'l al1.d parks and
ar~ undt"l- the prole -lion of the National Park Sel'vice ,
Department of the Interiol-,
The on ~ !!t !IS'ide in thc Anasazi area are the fabu­lous
Mcsa Verde National Park in. sou.thwe_tern Coloradu
, .... ,here a "isIWI· may ~ee a s.equence from. m'ly Anasll.zi
period WhiHl the people lived in pit houses and had baskets"
hu.t no pottery 01' ehl,boraie t:ultura] activities, to the
lal'~est c.las.sical clif·f dwelling of Cliff PaJa~e contai1'ling
W l' 2<10 room!!'.
When the first inhabitant.!; settled at :.Mesa Verde is
not known. but it ooukl ha"o-e been well befol'C the birth
of Christ- The occupation contillUe,lo until the grent
drought C)f 1276 to 1299 A,D. It WEI then abandoH@d
and was nev'er reoccupied by Pueblo type people.
Mel:lll VeHle National P~Il:'k carl be reached by traveling
to Gallup, New lexico than northward through 8hipl'oe'k
to Cort€z, Colorado and easbHud 8 nilles to tho entrance.
:\nother rujn of Inter t that c~n be included in this
divi~i(jn i", that of Azt~ Ruins Nn,uonal .M ol1.um@nt Solil ,h­east
of ]o.lesa Verdl iD Ne", Mexico. The 118m is mislead­Ll1.
g, H.!;j it is orten cunn~t d wi b tile Azte-e Cl,Ililil e of Old
Mexico. The i.nhabitaDts of thj9 vmage were originally
the same people that occupied the Chllco Can rOD site to
the so:uth, but people from MtAII- V!ll-de mo~d in and
occupied Aztec aiter .it was abandoned by the earlier
}ienpJ fll'"fol' to 1200 A_o' It Wll filHllly abandoned by
tho MeS!l. Verde people when til great drought fltl'llck.
ll.z.tec NaliQJ1ul llonument can b reached by haveling to
Aztec, N I!W Moxico.
Chaco Canyon National Monlllment which is IIUth
uf Az.tec R,uins Natiomt-l. Monument can be reached by
tloavc1ing to Bloomfield, Nt!w Mexico and c!).stwa 1"(1 011
Highwa~· No. to the Blanc.o Trading Post and then
south ..... ard l.o the MOl'lull'lf!nt headquarters. Chaco Canyon
oontains the I,arge:;!t and most spectacular pu hlo t'uin
I'IM'tb of l\rexiooo Puc blo Bonito, which i.l! the largest, con­taills
approximately gOO rooms cllve-ra more than 8 ac['e.s
of ground and was 5 stories high on 01le side. The oceupa­~
i ol'l ~ovel'""S II. wille R~Uln M' time as evidenced b1T the early
pit hOll5e stl"\1ctllres and s lHaU lIl.!l.SOIll'y hous~s_ Ag~in II
is difficult. to ·llIte when the area was originally in­ha
bUed, but til f! occllp~tioll con tinm<l un til tl1 e Ill. tter pa-rt
of the 12th century whell the people migrated southwlud
tu tilE;! head\\'iltet - of the Little Colorado River and east­'
.... 'lim to settle along the Rio Gra,llde.
OnE;! of the Arizol'ia al'€as of too AJlasazi is Canyon do
Ch~ny National lrIotlllmellt loca1.OO in the f1011.heastern
p,hll't of the I>tate_ It can be J'leacherl by turning nor1'h
from U. S. Highway No. 66 at Chambers• •'\ 1"IZ0118 and
tr~~ vel ing tht'ougl1 Ganado to Chinle, Arizona..
B~autifully ~enic Canyon de Chen), contain:;! a w~alth
of ruins fl"Om earry pit houS(! sites occupied by Basket
Makil1.g AI'III.-azi to the classical masoJll'Y pueblos of the
Anasaz.i, Th~ ooeupation lasL d until the drought. period
uf the latter 1200's when it was abandm;ed by the Ana­sa.
zi. Later tll c,Ilnyo.n Was inhabited by Nnvajo Inaian!;!
and thl'3e p~ople lh-e and farm if! the i.'~ln ytins wda>T, I n-
B· rown' s Credit Jewelers
"A Little Down Is Enoug/~ FO'1" B1'o1vn"
108 . C0 tez - PRE con '
- .~
, I
ql!ljry should. be made regal'ldill [-00.0 condition bel0l'"l!
I eavlnrl" the lIa:vement.
An extremely intl!l'@sting" !Ires. in t.be Vl!ry north cen­tra]
section of Arizona. is N o.yo.jo N atiorul·l Mouummlt.
This area contaiml the best pl"esEll"t"ed cliff dwtdlingg in tbe
~outhw~st and the largest in Arizona. The']fff ruins tif
lIeta.takill BJld K~t See! "'''ere both built 011 the .floor of
I !l.J'Jl"e ca ,,·ea. Be tatakin contained. appro imately 150 rO<fms
whereas K~~t Seel h.ad ov@!' 200 l'O[)tn9, Het,atak 'I1.!..<;
cas 'ly accessible, but it is necessary to ua vd U mile'!; 011
hOl:'sebac.k to vi it Keet Seel.
The third and. small nin at avajo National Monu·
Inenl i ~ InflCI'jptjoR House whi'h is 211 mjle~ west of Beta·
takin and ha~ approximately 75 l't)Qtn!l. Na\'3.jo National
Monument is well off the paved highways, but worth th
trip 1..0 nnyOl1 w'no d[)f!.S not mind dirt mads. To reach
Navajo ationalllllonumcnt it iR nee!!s !I'1' t.o tra~e l norill
from FlagJ'ltaff on U, S., NQ. 9 to Cameron, Arizona then
to, t.hCl TUba City. Ariz. t.U'lt-O • The route takes )TOU past
Tonalea, Cow Springs and Shonto tG t he hi<,Qriquat1€f's of
Navajo NationaJ Monument. Inql1irie should 00 made
regard.iJlg road conditioils bei()re suu1:ili,g the trip.
There are s.ev~I'al N atlollBl Park Se!1\rlce areas in the
\'icinity Qf Flagstaff that can be visited by short t rips.
'ren mile. f!a..<;t ()f F1aggt.a.ff is Walnut Canyon National
lIi onument which contains mor tha.1I 3(10 small pl"Chistor i.c
'liff dwellingll. Th@ :homes of these people were con-
~trnetoo Imde!1' thl< [)\Terhangtng ledge~ in the dirt' of thIs
400·foot dep canyon. They farmro on top near the can­yon
Ilnd were able-to add to th~ir ewtivuted Cl"OllS by woe
of the abuftliame of native p~al1t,!; ann nllmerOUfi anhn.al "
The canYQn and vicinity were lll.habited a'bout lQOO
y(!ar, ago and !lbEindon~d between '100 Mid 800 ye8J'S figo.
Some of the modem descendant~ probably live ,.t the
present. day Hopi "mag .
Wupat ki National Mc1ltuntent Cliln easil~' be reached
from Flagstaff by traveling 25 mil€S north on U. S. High·
way No. 89 and hiFiling eaSt.
There are nmnernusel] p rved 'pueblos built of
red snndstone that were once occupied by ancestors of
t.he Hopi Indians of tI'Iday. The ruins of th~ Citadel and
Wupatki al"C the mo I. acees.<:ible aJld are wOl-thwhile to
vu.it. he area was occupied, fairly early, but was !lLhan­doned
in the lOGO'!! he;:ause of the eMJptioll of a ne{l.l'by
"oleano (now Sunset Crawl' 'Nationa.l Monument}.
When it ..... as discovered that crops could be cuJt ivated
on the land ,covuoo with cinder t he people "et,urncd. The
in fl ux fOl"1lled the lal"g"est oc-cupntion!ll period of Wllpatki
whlcll W!l1:i during the el~enth and t\'i"eHth oontmies.
There seems to h.a.ve been an int n'Il 'ingUI'I~ (If ooveral cu]­lure
at t1i1!l time, which in time became i t1disting tlli~b ­able.
The area wa.a abandoned! in the 1200's and has not
been 'r-eoccl.lpied by any puebll) groups.
In dMle['..QlIneclion w'th the swry of Wupatki III SWI­s.
et Cmter. ,,'hieh is just. !;(loUt (If WU(Xl.tki Rnd admrn­isror~
d hy t hem. Sunset Crater is the! rem,alfling vidence
of the emption, about 1064 A.D.,. which dl'ove t he early
inhabit.s:nh rl'Onl theil" homes, and subsequently l.aid the
cinder CIl"e1", whi.eh was the reason foil' reOOOtllpBtion bj'
fat'ming people. SUllSet Crnt@!' pl'Ql;leh~ a gift of volcan:ic
squeeze ups, spa ttet Cl'lnes and ioe caycs.
A 10('11 trip' ean be made by traveling through Wu-
(Pk>a.8e twrn Page.)
LA~;~~~i; ~:~;E "1
B :MIles So~1h of fIClIil'.t-clfC d T~CI; l e r ~rk
Ughts - Wat r - Sh ~lC' r.
CABINS· CAfe· BAR ~ STORE - BOATS
pp- , -~ -
Union ,Oil Products
BILL WILLIS, CQ .. ;g... ® Phon.e 151 FI/lg st!i ff ~
Servic.e On AU Chrysler Products
BURNS MOTO'R SALiS
SALES and SERVICE
At t ha· LJnd.erptlu on HJghWOl)' .6,6 in F;Jag ~t(l ff
Free P II rlin g Lot Steam Heated
The Westerner Hotel
By the Underpass an Highw/lY b6
fUGSTAFf. AIIIIONA
vlom FURNITURE C'O.
WESTINGHO TSE &. MA Y1' AG Appliances
FLagstaff ~ Cottonwood.
15 S. Sitgren:ves Phone 7S3-W
GOOD As t he Best BETTER Than the Rest
S-A .V.E
CITY OIL
S-A-V .. f
COMPANY
JI,)S ~ We$1 of the College an Highway b6 - Always Open DENVER MERR ICK, Mgr.
FlagstaH AUTO SUPPLY Co~
COURTESY - $ERVICE- QUA.lITY
Evinrude Motors - Lone Sta.l· Boats
12 N. Beaver Phone 625
W'oo's Cafe
AMERICAN and CHIN ESE DISHES
115 E. Aspen Flogs aff
L. Motel
NEW, CLEAN and MODERN
121 S. SitgreeV"es Phone 296 FI1lgst.oH
Black Cat Cale
ACROSS FROM SANTA FE DEPOT
A GOOD PLACE TO ~A T
VAN COURT~S GARAGE
E ·pel't Ca.r & Tl'uck Sel'vice
Fol' Studebaker and
Othe' r.,![a kes
FlagStaff Phone 55
( 'ontinut!d Ironl Previous Puye)
paUti National Mmmrtlcnt ani! .;.outb to Sun~f't Cf".atP.I' Na­tional
ilrlonumellt thl.:'n back to U. S_ Highwil~' Il. ~9 ~1llri
Flagstaff.
If yo:uwio;;h to tl'avel southwa.rrl thrllugh the pfctu ~ es·
que Oak Creek Canyon and oolorfuj Verde V:!\ 111";-, you
".ay d"it more intel'esting ruins Bum ~s a1. Tu~igo\li N.t­tional
Monument \~hir.b i!'i 2 miles from larkdale, Ad·
zona.
Tuzlgoot was c(ln~t1'"uc~ Oil ~ lim!!stMe ridge \~'e ll
above tile TiV(w and wa~ c\idE!nUy built liS a defensive
puebl~', The early people of the Tuzi~jlOt. area seem (0
havc been related lQ the Hohokam people to the south , but
ltilOund ]000 A,D. new people f rom til n01"\.11 !>ta1'tcd
moving into the Verde Valley and agnin dUl"ing the period
of the drought Oof 1276 to 1299 S\ven~d the poplIlation ""n
more. The pueblo flow·l-hee. for R thrte amI tlum W!l<;
abandon d KS were otlip.r pueblo!; in the Verd Valley.
MonLezulna Castl Nation:!] MOl1illfllellt C;.1n be I'ea,"hefi
by traveling down th Verde Va.lley tQ amp VerdI!, then
Ilorlh to the monument neadqual·wl"S.
IOJ1Jw~uma 'Castle is one of the mo'I'C interes ing diH
dwellings in the Southw·esl It was built in a la' ge OpCII
eave high in the liIneston cliffs. It pl'uvidt:"d sheltel' Rlld
protection for tlte.~e farm iltg: p.eop Ie. There :ne many
oth l' 1"ll in~ In the arr!.fJ. ·which 119 originally l}CC'upoied ",'ell
over a thousand yeal"S ago, 1'1 ooCcupat.ion III ·te,l until
llim ORt 550 years agoe,
Thl! ~xa t l-eason fo Iiblllldnllfllellt is not kno\Vl'l, !Jut
one lar~ ruin Wil. doe il'oyed OJ' fire Ilnd pussibly lilt' ife 01-
~r{)uble rouM ltavc b€en the causc, 80m feel that the
forerunnel' of ttl modem Ya"'apai may havc been if! the
~li ,tdc by thIs tinIt:!.
Two of the best p~el"Ved cUff d \Veilings in ~u them
A1'l~llna can. be found at Tonto, Nation£!.l. Mllnllment near
the shore of Ro{l~eve]t Lake. Tonto 'an breached fl'om
til " Vel-de aI1C1r' ither by going tllnJUgh l'ine alNl Paysoll
to Roosevel t, Arizona or through Prescott, l~hll enix .all d
Me5A to ne Apaclle Trail hfghway to RI:H-Isevelt.
TJWI'E! Ill' many eurly sites in the "i~ini y but the eli r
dwellings ","'ere occupied iluri1lg' the 1300's A. D. Thc
P ~ I ple had pOI':!tib~y moved t.4"I thE! cliffR from the vall~'
below. These. pueblo people abandoned Tonto about 1400
A.D., whk:h again could possibly have been pl'e5sure from
Ilearby groups.
Just 2 mile _~ nOI1:h of COCl ljdg~. Arizona is the ancient
pueblo of G!I~n G'''ande. Thh; fOUl'-!ltoll" st.ructure waR
constructed of co u..fsed ~aLiche mud some 601) yearr; ago
b3' 11 gnmp (If farming people_ The at"ea wasinhllbited
not long aftel' the start of the 'Chri~tian era und tne !lec"·
~}~tio continued u.ntil the middle of the 15th century. The
dw lIer!; of the easa Grancie left. ttle structure to the
elem>!J1i:.o: and ~ttled in various p l ac~s throughout the ch­trict.
The eliorl .... dw,ellers that Hlmaincd thl-ough the 0(."­cupa
tional p&1'"i~ld ilr believed to have been ance.;;wr.; of
t he modern Pima India lil!i th at slm I i,'c in th dese-rt
C(lulIlry_
If you h.a vc the time fm' t.rnvel ~'Olil ha"e thc OPf.Hll"­tunity
tOo increase your knowledge of Southw!!-r;WI'n tll"Cbew
ologv 'by visiting t llf! Nati~}nal MOl1u",ents ,.nd Park~ ill
th~ S(lut];we5terll pal"t of the United Stales where the
ruins of cliff dwellings and pu blos clln he' seen, and
enj()~ d.
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HOPI WAY OF LIFE ...
C(mtinued f1'Qtn Page 22)
.Maasau s-~dd "Yes, heir houses are already
standing. There al'e vi11ages .already estahlished.
They ha,ve their fields, everything,-their W.lY
of lif .-
Maasau,aJone, can gi e thi life and land
according to the Hopi \Vay. He did so to the
Hopis and all th p oples that came with them
first, because they prayed for permission and
fonow d the plan of life of Maa~au. No other
people should claim any part of this land; right­fully.
therefor .
TIli is how the Hopi believe that the]]' land
is their mvn hy rig-ht of gift from :r-.basau in the
beginning. The Bohanna, the white man. was
not. given permission by Maasau to c1aim any
par of the land of the Hopi.
Massa u has told ot r leaders ha t the B~
hanna wi]) try to ,:ret l~ll this land and claim all
of i fol' himself. He al."Io told Ufl that the 1eadel"s
of the white men, 'who sent them a,Cl'Ofl~ the
wa rs, ins Fueled them that they must respect
all peoples they found living h re. They must.
not mistreat. us. They must not try to take
thin'rs away from us. They mUflt consult us On
aU things bey w·sh to do with any part of this
land. 0 he white men were instructed by their
I eaders, and 0 Maasau in ormed us, and so we
Hopi have continued to live the good w<\.y the
peaceful Hopi way a!1 given Uf! by Maasll.u.
Today: Hopi aad Bohanna
tell you this of the traditional religion of
he Hopi because the \vhite man has another way
of liIe. It change constanU whel'e the Hopi
way does not and has not si nee aasn U first,
shell 'ed us his \vay, We find much of the good
in the ",,'ay of the Bohanna, but we find it dif­ficult
to keep up with him in his search for
chang"e, or to under tand all of hi~ way of life.
\Ve prefer our U lchanging Hopi WO'I:y. Hopi
and Bohanna must respect ,each other.
R spe't and understanding can come be.'lt
thrcugh confer· nee where each speal{s in his O\~'n
way_ We, the leaders of the traditiona1 Hopi.
who are holding fast to our way of Ufe. , ish to
ha ve peace and happiness throughout all this
lnnd, and among a]] peoples. We want OUl' way
of Ufe to continue on; for ourselves, for our
chiJdl'en, 3"n(1 for their children who come after.
To live peaeefuny with aU peop]e h~ been
an attempt that haa taken us into many hal'd
lim 8. There have been many mistreatments at
the hand of . orne of t.he Bohanna. I, the Blue­bird
Chief. have been pun'shed , ·here the Hopi
way and th way of the white man are not
para.llel. I have been in the whi e man's jail
Beca s - [ am Hopi, and because [ ho1d to the
{PletUe TW"n Page)
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P hone 40
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6 A. ~f. to 9 P. M.
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20 N. an Fran~o Phone 5
Flagstaff, Arizona
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DILLARD CRAWLEY
107 So. San Fr<'.ll'lcisco Phone 4 i9-M
- - -
(Continuro from p'1"eviQl1~ page )
way of Maasau. ] have not struck back in any
fash ion at any time. This is according to the
way of Maasau.
In the be!!'inning, the Spaniard' were among
our viUa£es 27 years. TIley became so 001'­l'upted
t hat tt seemed t hat t heir way of life
was about to destroy the Hopi way.
at r on, we kno'w that yo fought the
Spaniard and cleared him from aU th is land.
Wh n that wa done. thel'>c was <1 treaty in which
the United S ta tea J<overnment agreed to resped
the Hopi people. Th United States government
Mreed to protect the Hopi land and established
its boundaries: agre ed to protect the Hopi I'e
SOUl~ees. Unhappily for liS now, then l was in­cluded
in that 8~'reemen th permission for
the Secretary of Interior to place other ndians
upon Hopi land, when emer,geney needed. This
h as made the pu rpose of th c agreements for­gotten.
The Hopi Ian I is the Hopi relig;io[l. The
Hopi t'eligion is bound up in t 11e Hopi land. You
ha \Ie allowed the Na vah 0 to surround us and use
our land until the Hopi land has shrunk loa
small p.art of that 8g1~d upon by hay.
'l'he Hopi live and protects his land by
wors hipping. by prayin2'. by fa ting nccol'ding
to the plans and instruction of Massau. He can­not
raise his hand in anger against ano her.
How then can he ever pr-o -ct or take care of his
~and wb n the nited States government is 80
stmng and has taken (I mu.ch of 1t to give to
others 1 To this we have not agreed.\Ve h ~tV
not been con sulted.
The white man should go to the proper
Hopi leaders in aU fah'u ss and ~e.aJ·n of the in­structions
from Massa u. Th e Eo han nao can sit
down in councH with OUi' ]eader:;:l and learn the
t r uths. if be w·shes to do right. We, the few and
lhe ' ,"eaker, cannot come to you.
Many Hopi. ,oday.are disturbed and oon­fus
d. It seems to t hem thal he white man
disregards his Pl'orni es and his agreements
under l,vhich the Hopi land was set aside. The
white man has fun authority and power to do the
thinu:s he wants to do. Th teachings of the
jrlTat Maasau are the right way, for us; and we
believe t he United States government will see
t h~ ... t if ,,\'e have council W know tha t if the
light 'Way is not follow d, great evil will COme
to this land.
The leaders (l r th Bohanna in Washington
ha v told liS thnt if we accep thi authority we
will not lose our land. If We foJ]ow t he pol"cy
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Phone 89
MI LL. LOGGlNG, INDUSTIR: IAL SU PP LI ES
A UTOMOTIVE PARTS AND EQlJlPMENT
FLAG STAFF 122 E. Santa Fe
-88-
of the white man \"'e wi1l have mOre power ~lt1d
more voice in our tribal affair, so t hey say.
Maa au warned Us that when the white men
came there would be mallY \,'ay in \vhi ~h they
would llforce their wi]] upon the Hopi and
change the Hopi way 01 Ii ,
The Hopi Wall to continue in his way,
follow h.i b ,liefs, and his religiOll_ W ar~ told
that if we abandon th e and follow the lvay
of the Bohann of another we ,\,m com to grea
diMsterand wiJl not con inue to live with Maas­au.
l'here is c, rtain punishment if \\' desert his
.vay of life, For this reason th Hopi has ah ... ·ays
b en taught to wan , to be a Hopi, a. man of
peace, and foUow his own religion. He has been
taught to hold fa, i to hi 1and as given h'm by
Maa.snn fo' as long a::; he li -s in the way of
l\'Ia-a~ au.
We, the traditional leaders of the Hopi, ask
that the leaders of the White men in Washing-on
kno\v that thi - is how We have takencal'e
of ou . land and of OUT chi dren. ThL J OUl' ~e1ig­ion,
may be of benefit to oth p ople, not lopi,
who may come after us, if these rna tters are
brought to aU peoples. Let them hear our voie .
W do not want to take part in a :3 fig" wh re
we are simply disregarding each other. e
. hould have respect for each other, fol' th l'e i
too much good in all peop]e for it to be ~ost.
It is true that many I ople are eonfu. ed.
They are troubled everY,l,'here,. This happ ning
wa:o; foreto]d by Maasau. It would be a punish­m
nt for the Hopi if they lea,ve this land. It
i being taken from tiS now, So I am ..... tanding
on my eHgious belief and an of the traditions of
the Hopi when I ~1Sk you now 0 con ider how
\\ cal! regain our land as it was in the begin­ning.
The traditional leaders of the Hopi wish to
ask orne que tion. Should the Bohannli force
h', way 0 lif u :xm us without COllsul t ing us?
Should our cbildr n be train d in the white
man's way and not at all th Hopi way? Do
th \"bite men wi. h to, e the Hopi continue in
their way of peace and bapp'ness? How
can you be sure that YOUI" wa.y, new to us,
can be bett r tha.n the age old way of the
traditional Hopi? Can thel e a be tel'
, 'ay than that of Maasa.n?
W were told that if we accept
any other 'ay of life we will 0
bring trouble upon OUI' e1v s. Om' fore­fathers
told u thi. and their fOl'efatlH~rs
b fore hem. ras au told the first of
the Hopi. \Ve believe that if you continue
(PI (l e TU1'1l Pag )
Mast,er Cleaners
Drive III Service
213 N_ Beaver
, Se'rving
North,ern
Ar;zo'na
Phone 136-W
pr= ___ -.u#
SINCE
1889
~Tavajo Hopi
T'rading Co.
• ~ OPPOSITE DEPOT \:) ~
INDIAN BASKETS and HANDICRAFT
INDIA HANDMADE SILVER JEWELRY
NAVAJO RUGS AR IZONA souve IRS
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32.2 W. Sant~ Fe FLAGST AFF fnone 95
-39-
r
{Continu(>d from P.., 1)io1.(8 Page)
with the present policy. oUr land wiH bgone and
our way of life wiJI be destroy d for this world.
You, Bohanna. have marvelous inventions; but
many of these seem to lead only to destruction
of the Hopi ·way. OUI' leader ten us that
Massau ha,Ls "~u'ned against such a way of rfe
that may lose for us his land, and destroy u.s
as Hopi.
M.'my things were prophesied to us, and aTe
being fulfmed today. If we for ak'e 0111' Hopi
religion tbe land wiU forsake us. There will be
no more Hopi \!lay, no more Hopi p ople, no more
p nCe. For a Hopi to try to live the white man's
way is for him to desert the way of Maasa u -
and then he is gan - from us as a Hopi.
Some young people, today, are in a posi­tion
where they disregard e\Teryhi g we hold
sacred; our religious life, our way of life in the
"il1ages~ our rneaningiul ceremonies. We re~ret
that some see he ceremonies as ~\0 mote than
curious pectacles, 3fl the "hite man ees them.
That I may not be tirin,g" to you. I .1sk that
you in Washington consider all these fads and
try to s traig-h ten out aU pro hlern by corning and
talking wi h our leaders,. thet:r-Aditional leaders
appointed by th traditional authorities. We then
can g'O into all thepI'opbedes and the things
that he Hopi know as the way of life ,given to
them by 1\basau. So, I, the Bluebird Chi£, ask
YOU people, you leaders in Washin;;non.and those
;''irho are interested in b'jriDg to find the peac~
fu 1 way of life. to come to the Hopi for council
talk. With he Hopi leaders consideration of
all these thi gs can lead to a right w.ay. before
too mucb harm is done.
The young Hopi people who al"e being' forced
to go to war in other countries, ,cont ary to aU
teachin2's of their religion, ar disturbed beyond
the understanding of most Bohannas. Whoever
canses a Hopi to raj se his hand in wal' against
another is not only harming the Hopi, bu is
also harming a]] other people. <Hopi' means
·pea.ceful' that is our religion. That shouhI be
discussed.
This sam thing took place in the other
world before this one, The fir-st Hopi escaped
f 'om that total destruction of life, by asking to
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folIo ... llnd live \vlth Massau. He gave them
p I'mission to COme a d live w'th him as peace­fu]
people. Vile have vowed to adhere to thnt
life. Ware being forced to disregard every­thing
that M.aaaau has told Us, We are going
after things, sO that the young are not regard­jngtraditional
teachings. This is destruction
beginning.
We, the Hopi leaders. want to sit with YOU
and consider all these ancient teachings, the
advice that has come to us from our fore­fathers.
and the effec s upon our way of life of
the white man' spower that is in Washington.
We do not want to s e the Hopi way destroyeed.
'Ve believe that thr-ough an understanding,
if you come and sit 'with us in council, we may
save the Hopi way of life. We may heJp s va
others from destruc ion by sharing our way of
pace.
We know certatn things will ta k p]ace if
we do no .
Therefo~e, I ask, <1sa Hopi, as the Bluebil'cl
ehief, 'will yon in Washington who are in
authority come and hold council with us? ' iVe
wou ld top this 10s,5 of our land and destruction
of what we have chosen as our way of life. We
want to Jive as Hopis and worship the"vay We
have been doing since the beginning. The Hopi
religion, given to them by aMau. is a way of
peace that must be shared ""ith all people. May
We SO share this wjth you?
That is all.
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The payrolls Clnd the products of the
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