1959 Flagstaff All-Indian Powwow Program

              COLORFUL PARAD~S
ALL-INDIAN ROD~O
NIGHT CER~MONIALS
INDIAN ENCAMPMENT
RN ARIZONA 3MI.
VALLEY RO.
l---+--,-"-'~~ AVE.
The parade starts promptly at noon each day of the Pow
Wow. The map below indicates the route it will follow. This
is a colorful spectacle with ceremonial dancers performing
briefly at various places along the parade route; rodeo per­formers
on horseback; and numerous Indian families riding
in their traditional wagons, displaying their most beautiful
jewelry, rugs and blankets. The parade participants are all
Indians. No whites are allowed to participate in any Pow
Wow event.
The rodeo performance begins promptly at 1: 30 o'clock each
afternoon, featuring some of the best rodeo events in the
Southwest. The participants are amatuer rodeo performers,
well-trained Indian cowboys who have more fun than the
spectators. In addition to the usual rodeo events of bronc
riding, team tying, bulldogging and bull riding, much fun is
derived from a few unscheduled events which always occur.
The annual beauty contest and baby show are also held dur­ing
the afternoon performance.
Beginning at full darkness, approximately 8 o'clock, this color­ful
and spectacular show takes place in the Pow vVow arena.
The night ceremonial program is produced in the most au­thentic
surroundings possible, with the light of camp fires
highlighted by special lighting effects. Often it is very cool in
the evening, so in order to be comfortable and enjoy the show,
it is suggested that you bring a coat and blankets.
The Indians begin to arrive a few days before the Pow Wow
and an encampment forms in the Flagstaff City Park. You
will see numerous tents, cars, and pickup trucks serving as
shelter for the families attending the festivities. Each cowboys'
horse is tied, or corraled in a make-shift pen near his "camp",
and each family unit has its campfire where their meals are
prepared. Immediately in front of the grandstand will be
found small "shops" where the Indians sell their handiwork.
PARKING AREAS TICK~TS
_PARADE ROUTE
AVE'+_--+_+j;;;;;~~;;;~;:*:!:!~:;:;~;;:;:;:;:~= U.S.66 CAST
Tickets for all Pow Wow perform­ances
are on sale at the Chamber of
Commerce, 101 West Santa Fe,
until the morning of July 3. The
ticket office will then be open in
front of the grandstand at the Pow
Wow grounds. All grandstand and
box seats are reserved. Tickets for
bleacher seats go on sale two hours
before each event. U.S. 66 WEST
U.S.89 SOUTH
3 I st Ann ual Southwest
.A.I. -I:.1disa,:.1 ~C>~ ~C>~
SPONSORED BY POW WOW. INC .. FLAGSTAFF. ARIZONA
SOUVENIR
MAGAZINE
Official Publication of Pow Wow,
Inc.
Published Annually
Editor
Paul E. Weaver, Jr.
Art Di rector
Barton Wright
Photography
Ray Manley
Printed and Published by
NORTHLAND PRESS, INC.
I 10 North Agassiz Street
Flagstaff, Arizona
Our special than ks to Dr. E. B.
Danson, Museum of Northern Ari­zona,
for his editorial assistance;
Robert Fronske for portra its of
~he Pow Wow Directors; W. H.
Troxell for his general photo­gr'aphic
help; Arizona Highways;
and the Pow Wow Directors for
their wholehearted cooperation.
COVER CREDIT
The painting reproduced
on the cover is pa rt of the
permanent collection of the
Museum of Northern Ari­zona
. Painted in 1957 by
Robert Preston, a Hopi , it
depicts a classic Hopi Corn
Dancer.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
1959
Pow Wow, Inc., is a non -profit organiza ­tion
whose sole function is the staging of
the annual Pow Wow celebration. The
Board of Directors serve without pay.
The president is elected from the Board of
Directors for a two year period.
Directors pictured at right according to listing
STURGEON CROMER
President
. AL GRASMOEN
Night Ceremonia ls, Parade
TED BABBITT
Night Ceremonials, Parade
ROBERT PROCH NOW
Crowd Control and Grounds
WILLIAM FENNELL
Rodeo
ANDY WOLF
Narrator
T. M. KNOLES, Jr.
Rodeo, Parade
NOEI_ MILLER
Secretary-Trea surer
LOGAN MORRIS Arena Director
To the many thousands of Indians all over the
Southwest, Flagstaff remains, as it has been since
the settlement took form so many years ago, a favored
camping and trading point for Indians and those
few early-day trappers, traders and seekers of new
frontiers. The towering, snow-capped San Francisco
Peaks are an important part in the legends and relig­ious
beliefs of many Indian people and have always
been regarded by them a a "good place." There was
also excellent spring water, so the growing commun­ity
of Flagstaff repre en ted a friendly place to gather
for good times.
The Southwest All-Indian Pow Wow literally
"just grew" from the Indians' own making and the
untiring efforts of civic minded Flagstaff citizen . In
the late ' 20's, Flagstaff's annual 4th of July celebra­tion
was suffering from a lack of interest and depleted
funds. Late in the summer of 1928, a group of Flag-taff
business men made a trip to nearby reservations
ARIZONA PUBLIC SERVICE
----- --...- ----
and invited the Indians to "come to town" for a
celebration. They offered free food in abundance,
garnes, races, and dances. The venture proved quite
a success. It gave the Indians a chance to buy sup­plies,
trade their goods, meet old friends, and make
new acquaintances; moreover, it provided for them a
cool break during a long, hot summer on the reserva­tion.
For the local business man, the Indian celebra­tion
was also a success.
In the early part of 1929, it was decided to hold
the Indian celebration on the 4th of July. At this
time, the name Pow Wow was promoted by Mr.
Loren Cress, a Flagstaff business man. For the first
few years, the Pow Wow focused strictly on Indian
o'ames and contests, some of the favorites being the
chicken pull and wild horse racing. They held beauty
contests and tugs-of-war. After a few ceremonial
dances were performed for the white spectators, the
Indians spent the remainder of the night dancing,
chanting and vlSltmg around their own campfires.
In a few short years the number of participants
and spectators had so increased that an organization
was formed to work on a year 'round basis to prepare
for the annual visit and fun fest. About this time
Gladwell (Toney) Richardson suggested a rodeo be
held to upplement the afternoon activities.
By 1934 the sponsors of the Pow Wow drew up
formal articles of incorporation; a certificate was
issued by the Arizona Corporation Commission on
March 21, 1934, with the following incorporators:
F. W. Moore, K. L. Webber, and M. J. Pilkington.
The organization was titled "Flagstaff Celebrations,
Inc.," but amended in 1938 to bear the name "Pow
Wow, Inc."
During the next seven years, efforts were made
to increa e the Indian participation in the Pow Wow
event. At fir t, flour, meat, coffee, sugar, water-melons,
and beans were issued to tho e who shared
in the activities. Within seven years the attendance
had 0 increased that the Pow Wow corporation built
cooking pits and offered hot meals each day to the
Indians.
By 1942 the Pow Wow celebration developed into
a pattern of events, performances, and organization
similar to the present year's program: a daily parade,
rodeos held in the afternoons, and tribal dances given
in the evenings. The Indians were given the camp­ground
at City Park where they could lodge their
wagons, build their campfires, and display for sale
their arts and crafts. The carnival arrived and estab­Ii
hed its amusement rides across the street from the
campground, offering popular entertainment for both
the Indians and visitors.
The Pow Wow remains today a completely local
function, with no city, county, or state tie-in or con-tro1.
All money raised from admis ions and entrance
fees is used for prize money, expenses of producing
the Pow Wow, and improvements for future shows.
The Committee members serve today, as they have
since the beginning of this all-Indian festival, with no
pay whatever, giving freely of their time and effort
for the betterment of the community and the thous­ands
of Indians who participate yearly. Aside from
the fact that the Pow Wow is the real-life pageant of
the American Indian and one of the few places in
the United States where so many different tribes
and customs can be observed by the white man, it has
served to improve the living conditions and attitudes
of the Indians themselves. They have replaced scrub
ponies with sleek quarter horses; their previously
skinny cattle, hardly able to stand the long trip to
town, are now well-cared for and fat animals that
provide more and better meat for the tribe. Truly,
the Pow Wow has proved a place of learning for both
the p:lfticipant and the spectator.
Even while this year's show is in progress, plans
are being made for the next year's performance. Be­fore
the Indians break camp at the City Park for the
long trek home, designs for improving the 1960 show
will be in full motion. It is the constant striving for
better productions and the careful planning that has
made each Pow Wow a bigger and better success
throughout the years.
Today, the annual Pow Wow provides a festive
holiday for both the spectators and the Indian per­formers.
It is a colorful display of the Indian by the
Indian. Ever-increasing crowds witness the traditional
customs and feats of many American Indian tribes.
Young and old share an experience that not only en­tertains,
but celebrates an historic date, as well­America's
Independence Day.
ARIZONA DAILY SUN
Once a year Flagstaff becomes the scene of a
unique pageant of the past as tribes of Indians from
all parts of the West re-enact native rituals, many of
which were already centuries old when the first
white man arrived more than 400 years ago. At the
Pow Wow visitors may see dances, hear songs, and
purchase Indian handicrafts that have been pro­duced
in this area for over a thousand years.
Pictured to the right are members of the fourteen
resident tribes in Arizona. Listed below are a few
identifying characteristics of each:
THE HOPI: The Hopi live in compact villages,
called Pueblos, on three mesas roughly seventy-five
miles northeast of Flagstaff. Their ancestors had
lived in northeastern Arizona for over 2000 years
before they settled permanently on the mesas over
600 years ago. The Hopi are well known for their
craft work, particularly their carved and colorfully
painted wooden Kachina dolls, their fine pottery,
their coiled and wicker basketry, and in recent years
their overlay silver jewelry.
THE NAVAJO: The largest tribe living on the
largest reservation in the United States, the Navajo
are rapidly increasing in number and quickly adopt­ing
the white man's way of life. They are semi­nomadic,
moving with their sheep and goats from
PENNEY'S
J. C. PENNEY CO., INC.
-I.
winter to summer homes and doing some farming.
The Navajo are famous as weavers and silver­smiths.
The possession and display of jewelry is a
significant measure of the individual's wealth; conse­quently
quantities of "hard goods" may deck the
satin skirts and velvet blouses of the women or the
store-bought shirts and levis of the men.
THE APACHE: Living on the San Carlos and
White Mountain Reservations, the Apache are known
as the Indian Cattlemen. The men dress in typical
cowboy outfits, while the women prefer long, full,
tiered skirts with loose over-blouses patterned aftel
the late nineteenth century dresses. The Apache still
excel at basket making.
THE PIMA AND PAPAGO: Similar in cultures,
the Pima (River Dwellers) and Papago (Bean Peo­pie)
dress in modern western styles. Most of them
have become Christianized. Learning to farm with
heavy machinery and large-scale agricultural plan.
ning, they are developing their economy on long
range programs. The ~apago also raise cattle and
have fine herds. The Pima and Papago make baskets,
weaving them with willow and yucca fibers.
THE PAIUTE: Living in the far northwestern
part of Arizona and on reservations in four other
states-California, Nevada, Utah, and Oregon-
Photographs
by
JOSEPH
MILLER
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PAIUTE HUAlPAI
FLAGSTAFF
IN THE HEART
OF THE
INDIAN COUNTRY
COCOPAH PAPAGO
HAVASUPAI
MARICOPA
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most Paiute speak English, live and dress like the
white man, and engage in cattle raising and wage
work as their major sources of income. The most
distinctive craft created by the Paiute is the wedding
basket, a coiled, shallow basket used by the Navajo
Indians because of its finish and symbolic design.
THE CHEMEHUEVI: The Chemehuevi Indi­ans
are located on the Colorado River Reservation.
Deserving of mention, although no longer produced,
are the famous small, coiled baskets for which the
Chemehuevi are famous. The baskets are simple
bowls or jars with patterns usually worked in black
or an occasional dark red.
THE COCOP A; Less than a hundred in num­ber,
the Gocopa tribe lives on the lower Colorado.
The majority of the tribe work on the farms of white
men.
THE MOHAVE: The majority of the Mohave
live on two reservations- the Fort Mohave and the
Colorado River Reservations. Most of their crafts
are dying out, and the Mohave women have turned
from making pottery to the creation of ties, belts,
capes and purses made from glass beads.
THE HA V ASUPAI: The beautiful Havasu Can­yon
i the reservation home of the Havasupai Indi­ans.
Relatively isolated, these people sustain them­selves
with farming and off reservation wage work.
Most of their native crafts are gone but for the
conical burden baskets which the women still make.
THE HUALAPAI (or WALAPAI) : Neighbors
to the Havasupai, the Hualapai live in and above the
canyons leading down to the Colorado River and are
primarily cattlemen and lumbermen. Their basketry
is well made and follows traditional designs.
THE YAVAPAI: Nomadic in nature, the Yav­apai
have separated into different groups, some living
with Apache bands, and oth rs at the Ft. McDowell
Reservation, the Camp Verde Reservation, and the
Yavapai Re ervation. The Yavapai may be said to
be farmers, wage workers, industrial employee, or
cattle raisers, depending upon the reservation on
which they live. The only native craft that survives
is basketry.
THE MARICOPA: Spread between the Gila
River and Salt River Reservations, the Maricopa
have adopted the Pima economy and have borrowed
many of the Pima crafts. Maricopa potters create
" unusual-shaped" ceramic bowls, many of which
have an admirable high polish and all of which have
been popular commercially.
THE YUMA: Some of the Yuma Indians live
in California, but :many of the:m "W'ork in Arizona
making their living by wage work. Their crafts are
disappearing and only a little pottery is still made.
The Pow Wow brings Indians from all the reser­vations
and towns in the United States. Among
those coming from out of state who participate prom­inently
in the festivities are the Plains Indians. With
their brilliant feathers and flair for showmanship,
they add a spectacular dash to the celebration.
FLAGSTAFF OFFICE - FIRST FEDERAL SAVINGS
MEMBER FEDERAL SAVINGS AND LOAN INSURANCE CORP.
For ACTION and FUN the Pow Wow rodeo is
hard to beat! One of the chief sports of the South­western
Indians is "playing cowboy." Although many
of these fellows earn their living as cow hands, either
working with their own cattle outfits or on ranches
off the reservation, the lure of cash prizes, hand­tooled
saddles, and many other fine awards enhance
the fun of participating in the dangerous rodeo
events. During the year, the Indians may attend the
several smaller rodeos held at various other places,
but entrance in these is considered a practice session
and has but one main purpose- to test the individ­ual's
skill and prepare for the annual Pow Wow rodeo
at Flagstaff. These cowboys really enjoy riding bron­chos
and steers, roping calves and steers, bulldogging
any critter that has horns, milking wild cows, and
saddling and riding wild horses in a quarter-mile
race. In fact, most years there are so many entrants
in the rodeo events, some of the activities have to be
held before and after the regular rodeo hours in
order to allow everyone ample time to compete.
The rivalry among the various tribes is intense.
Not only are the individual cowboys competing
against each other, but there is always a friendly,
spirited contest going on between the tribes.
As in the professional rodeo of their white bro­ther,
the Indians have a clown or two, who not only
provide many laughs for the crowd, but also offer
untold service to the cowboys by diverting the atten­tion
of a charging steer at a decisive moment. These
fellows besides being natural comics display some of
the most daring feats in the arena.
COCA COLA BOTTLING CO.
Most of the competitive activIties in a rodeo are
part of the everyday work of a cowboy. On the
range, team-tying is a necessity when calves are to be
branded. One coyboy ropes the animal around the
neck, if possible, while his pardner gets a loop on the
hind feet. A well-trained horse will then hold the
neck rope taut while his rider dismounts, throws the
calf to the ground and ties his feet. The calf is then
ready to be branded. In the rodeo arena the cowboys
are competing for the fastest time, but team-tying
and roping are skills that take many hours of practice
and hard work.
Things will be humming with excitement in the­thrill-
a-minute show put on by non-professional, but
highly skilled Indian "cow punchers."
VALLEY NATIONAL BANK
MEMBER FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORP.
EXHIBITION JULY 2. 3. 4. 5
For twenty-six years the Hopi Craftsman Exhibi­tion
has been held annually at The Museum of
Northern Arizona at the same time of the Pow Wow.
Located three miles north of Flagstaff on the Fort
Valley Road, the Museum offers (July 2-3-4-5) a
display of the finest native Hopi work that can be
gathered from the reservation. Free of charge, the
public may view daily from the hours of 9 a.m. to
6 p.m. the selected arts and crafts, and watch
demonstrations given by Hopi Indians.
Twenty-nine years ago, Dr. Harold S. Colton,
director of the museum, and Mary-Russell F. Colton,
his wife, dedicated themselves to the encouragement
of the Hopi Indians and the continued production
of their traditional arts and crafts. To this purpose
they established the exhibition to provide an outlet
for Hopi art which during the depression years had
no market. Previous to 1920, the Hopi craftsmen
made baskets, pottery, Kachina dolls, jewelry, and
handwoven cloth for their own use as well as sale.
But the impact of the "hard years" combined with
better roads that made stores more accessible dis­couraged
the craftsmen from the production of
native arts in favor of the machine-made cloth, fac­tory
dishes, hardware, and household utensils that
could be purchased. Because of the devoted interest
and opportunity provided by Dr. and Mrs. Colton
through the exhibition and sale of the Hopi arts and
crafts, techniques and designs inherited from a rich
past have been preserved.
The Hopi Craftsman Exhibition has four objec­tives:
( 1) to encourage the production and com­mercial
value of artistic objects, many of which are
becoming rare, (2 ) to stimulate better workmanship
among the Hopi (3 ) to encourage the development
of new forms of art in Indian design and the applica­tion
of old arts to modern uses, and (4) to create a
wider market for Hopi goods.
Each May, members of the Museum staff spend
several days visiting the Hopi Mesas to collect the
outstanding traditional items for the exhibition.
Traveling one-hundred-thirty miles northeast of
Flagstaff, the staff canvasses the three Mesas on
which the Hopi tribe lives overlooking the Painted
Desert. Each Mesa, which houses several villages,
specializes in particular forms, designs, and styles of
crafts. On First Mesa are three villages: Walpi, the
oldest, Sichomovi, and Hano, inhabited by a New
Mexico Pueblo tribe given refuge by the Hopis. At
the foot of First Mesa is Polacca. In these villages
all the decorated pottery produced by t.l-].e Hopi
MUSEUM OF NORTHERN ARIZONA
, made. On olld Mt:"'a are due ;:lIag~s: un­gopovi,
hipauloyj, and :n"1 ollgnovi. Here the
women specia.lize in a heavy, coiled basket o1atlc of
rue a fibet "ith a gras... core. On Third :M sa al'e
Ul.1'ce more villag s: Oraibi, th· oldest of aU Hopi
"mages and tilt: oldest COl tinuously inhabit(..'(l tm\'n
in the United tales, Hot >villa, d d Dakahi. At the
foot of the mesa's the village of ew Oraibi, and
Orne miles to the west i. 1\-10 'Mopi The WOJJlt:n of
Third Mc:sa weave in flamboyant colors wicker ba!i~
kc . which are made exclusiv'l t by these villager,
t is intere ling that among the H: pi, the men
are the Weavers rather than the om n as is th~
CtI'lorn among the avajo . In addition the Hopi
men caI'\' ~ the Kachina dol] , create the j w l.fr. am.d
make tht: moccasin , whil~ the women center their
lalcrds on the rli king of poue y and b~uket~. l'ch­aeological
rcst:arch re"\'e.al tha t the ane 'lOr: of the
Hopi Indians have been making baske " since before
300 , ,D., 'llaking pottery since 600 A,D" weaving
cotton from. gem A.n, and weaving" 001 rugs and
blank·t inee 1700 .. D. Abollt eventy years ag ,
'h'c.r:;mitning wa introduced to tJ~em by the Zuni
Indians and ruthough it i a]' erH l'aft many
<1i linctive and uperior piece. of ih'er lta\'e been
p.wdllced.
Th Hopi 'raftsmen are competitiv~ not only
among' individual', but also among villages. To fLLI'­thcr
stimu late th 'ir be t eff 0 t·, thc Museum offe .
cam pri -. amI ribbon. or outstanding 'work in the
variolls ate~ol'i' "
Dming til, Mus lim e:-:.Wbilion, tbe crafts are
arran 'ed in the lovely, large patio facing the au
Fran i co Peak', Potte. bask[!t.;;,. fl d te:"tiles 00 'upy
th corrido , on two sides of ~hc patio, Hopi r ndi am,
w a: ing tJieil· traditional dress .• demonstrate" ea\' llLg',
p ttery making, .. nd basketry. In the 'pe ' ial exhibits
room of the mu "'urn sih " wo k and Kachina dolls
'l.I'e disp]aycd. Here tJ1e ih'-·[srni.du work each day,
oft 'n ma.king' the jcwdry which ha..~ h(:c specially
ordered by the vi, ·itors. 1 n ba k of dIe mUiiCum, the
P ik' Hou'c off 1"8 til e public an OppOl·tu nil)' to ee a
woman making p'ki, tr-aditional Hopi hrcad, 'omist­ing
of c:ornm '11.1 in sev ral colo[ , tl1c piki batt r is
.01.00 on the hOl pild ' tone a ~pecia ll ' prepared
stone grill and rolled qui kly into <Ii rlaky, j)arn:r~thin
cyli nder' which is sold to lh vi iloJ'~,
WilJj the exception of a very few raft _~-ilh
which I.h ownc:r may not wi. h to part, all i terns
exhibi d or demonstrated <Ir' for sale, The Museum
ltantl1 on a non-proGt ba:ois the sal of all matcri-al~
~l IrI'llng M th los of the exhibit eith l' the
money 01' the produc to the individual cr. f men,
Unlike the avajo who mark·t their rts and crafts
thl'ougltrad ~I'. 0)' their rts & rafts Guild, each
Hopi deterrnin~s the Pli.ce of hi' ?wn . t.cm . , Iso ~
, ontra! t to the I a va jo: th· HOPI do not s'U th 'IT
work a L the can P "TOUHd du ing th Po>"r Wow
fe li \.ioes. 1 nste.a.cl, they show their tmditiomd art:;
<Hl.d raft. of the year' x lusive}], at the Museum,
Besides item' wId lo th' 'UlOf durin'" the xhibit,
the Hopi profit thro~gh thepecial o~dcr p1 ce(~
h 0 her mus IIm~ to fill out their collections of HOPl
c;aIt·, L.l;t yC8J' 76% uf Dca Jy twelve bundred Hop·
items on dispJay were . Id amOl g tl' " ll"lOr' tl an J1 c
t.hou and vi~itol:'S who view~d the OP] arts and crafb,
BABBITT BROTHERS TRADING CO.
~~
Daily at noon the p<rrade £If a ll the lndlam who
participa te in the PO\~' \Vow fe~ti"al marches thl'Ou~h
th ~ town. Circling th,~ bu:;i rl!:::;s area, t.he parade d is­bands
ncar ~hc city p,uk_ Each Indian is splendidl]'
arra}'cd in the traditional costume of his h;bc and
all the l' l':galia he or she can display. Ahhou~h many
'white people would like 1..0 take pan in it, the aUur
oJ the parade is that it remain.s exdllsiw·ly all Indian.
a.rade ~ill'1e is, p~l·h aps, the fine~t time (or the
spectator to' obser\'c closely ~he design of the native
costumes, the details of the head-dress, hand-prO'Ps,
and pel-sonal adornment, a~ well a~ the dlliliuCli ..... c
characteristic,!; Df the Indian ~ribe$. It is also the
oppm-lunc lime for lh~ photDgrapher to r{.~rd in
film the Pow Wov.' figures. ' ,Vbile pictures may be
l<'Ik~n from the gl"andstaml during the rodeo] no one
is permit Lcd in the arena for ol:wiolls reason:> and
no flash pic tures arC aJlol,,\'ed duri ng th ~ evening
dance perfoTIllances_ Therefore, during thc slow
mDvement of the parade] pictul~ may most e.as.ily
he laken of groups, individuab, or relatively dose-up
subjects. At tJ1 e end of the parade, many uf lh
Indians w:ill obJjgin~ly pose for the interested camera
Ian- However, fol' this special requcst it is generally
courtesy and an un\~' rilten law that the individuaL>
be offered in appn:·da~i()n SUW(; grahlily.
Riding, walking, and man:hing in t.he proccssion
will be the following units: 1_ The dance groups in
full ceremonial trappings that pl~rfonn in lhe even-
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,
ing shows, 2. The rodeo perf or-mel's who compete
in the afternoon mows, 3. The all-Indian bands
thal entertain during th,e parade and festivities;
am.ong lho~e that usually pal.·tidpate al'e the Moen­copi
Hopi Indian Conoert nand. the ,"Valapai Indian
Hand, and the N::wajQ School Rand, and 4. The
Navajo wagons WM are pan of the carnival.
The Navaj,o wagons arc a unique feature of t.he
proccssion. To encournge the entry of many wagons,
the Pow , ,,,'ow Committee gives bales of hay 1..0 each
wagon entrant, cash dona.tiOf1s to each wagon Joad
for every day they particjpa te, and special awards to
t he wagon tra vding the farthere!>tt distanoc to attend
tite parade. Stal'ting many days ahead O'f Pow 'Vow
lime, the wagon driv~n come fJ'om ~ far as; one­hundred
miles away. Witl'1. g reat pride the wagon
O\'>'[ter!; bcdc"Ck themselves with <liM of the jewell'y
they own as pl"oudly they halll a wagon filled with
hay, yO~lIlg children, rclati\',cs-and aasorted pet:!;.
A charming and often surprising additiol'l to' the
parade is the Dumber of r odian children taking part.
Indi.ans are openly proud and fond or theil" off­~
pl'"il'lg; comequentJy, they delight in the chance to
have 'them ~n and (in the opport unity ) to share
the fun of par-ad ing wi til the children, many of
."hom are skilled dane<:fS. Tiny ones shadowing the
exact d.re~ of theil' eldel's present an elfin pictures
quene~ to the pa.ra.de and re-state tlw ,continuing
Indian heritage as it i:s p<lsscd devotedly to the young.
rfrfrf HorR MONTE YIST A
NO FLASH shots ore allowed during jlle
ceremonial dances at night. Blit you Clln
get stills by u~in9 t1n~coc;h rome Or hi­speedek
achrome when th dancers are
well lit by floods or fire. Try 1f5Oth a f 2.
• NIGHT movies arc possible u5ing Kodo­chrome
Type A film, 16 frbmes at !.9
shooting only during best lit scenes.
'. CLOSE UPS will prove to be more inter­e~
tin9 han general scenes. Bllc grounds
Ilre better when tf, ey have no dis r~cting
poles, sig ns. or wires. Expo5ure~ will de­pend
upon the weether. Use II meter or
consult II e perienced photographer be­fore
$ orting he day.
• DON' move your camera. let the Indion$
provide he ae ion. You may find it better
to use Il wide lingle lens.
• HUMAN INTEREST shots abound in
the India C~mpgrounds. I is best to
request permission before ta ing some
pic ures. If permission i$ gro'nted it is
generllily good Ilste 0 pay something
for the privilege.
HERE ARE A FEW PROFESS'IONAL TIPS
THAT MIGHT PROVE OF VALliE TO YOU
liN MAKING A PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD
OF THE MANY EXCITING EVlEN1S OF THE
POW WOW CELEBRATION
10 WAYS TO BETTiER POW WOW PICTURES
• FAST ACTION during the rodeo reo
quires fast shu er speeds ... 20Qth sec.
lind up. Remember. the strict rule1 +0
~eep ovt of the arena area Ilre for your
protection.
• PARADE SHOTS should be alen at lin
ang le to stop the motion, rO her than
straigh across. If your camerll ha~ shutter
~peeds use lOOt sec. or f~$ter.
• MOVIES of the parode a re best at in er­sections.
The Indi<"Jns normally do ee at
these spots. Yo will ge smoother action
at 24 frames per second. but if you
chl'lngeto this s~ed. you mllS r mem-er
0 open the lens one-half stop.
• CLOSE UPS of individu al performe rs can
best be taken within he hour before the
parade s arts. Usa flash fill or better
r sui ts.
• CA R EfU L! I n you r excitement over the
pMtlde don't go 00 fllr and roll your
35 MM off t e spool. If this shou ld hap­pen,
brin9 it in to a photo shop UN­OPENED
to slIve the sho s you heve.
Down through the age~ I' li'ion has been inti-tl
t 'ly interwm'en with ''1 ry phase of lif· in the
Indian ell ture. Magi the wondc-. )f nature, ghosts,
and tl e. mysteries of th il' deitie have b en d ama­tized
and wo hip~d through lhe rilualj tic pattern
of lh. dance. Pas d (rom generation to g neralion
th' intncat actions ha\c b com visuali?~xl pl< j" '.
In the · .... cning performance , many Df the&e
e lhtry old dance. are p rformed. While m L arc
religiDm jn natur', a f.. capturl' the social a peel
of tl i.e chaTacter and th ~ humOl- of th ir daily
'pc:riences. \,IH'n, how \' r, the perfo 111'r inv' ·l$
hj , ... hole I :ing in a r ligicm . . to ' 0..£ remDny,
th dane must d -DlOllstrat· consummate ffo t "nd
skill even though the significan e of many move­ay
lx: llnknm~'n to tip d' an them I"cs_
few of th dan'· pr 'sente,d each yea arc
briefly id ntified it· fDllo s:
APACHE M NT ION E:
COMANCHE D CE: Originally borrowed
r OIn 1,11 P1aill Indians, the Pueblns u. this a a
war dane Dr as a p' cc da 1 " to celebrat tho
ending of ho..~tihtif::S,
E GLE DA E: The Pud,lD danccr' oooom
th eagle in night nd ex cute a ~ ell knm,\'n dance.
PARROT DAN E: The Pueblo dance around
a wooden symbol depicting th parrot.
B F ALO DAN E.: TIle Plai . Indians pre­ent
a leader d . ~d a a hunter wearing a Plain.
hcad-d " to r 'ppscnt the buffalos. coming from tit
plalDs and other dan r to r 'p .. 'sent th buffalo..
EUTfERFLY DAN E: TIl~ )'OLlfIg Hopi 'rl'
waring thei hair in the traditional 'wir ls around
th~ ea" to igrufy that they are of marria e hl a"'e
d" play a pi.cture qu dan e; the, \\'~aF he d-dr" ..
depi ting the butterfly.
TO BOR ET. IL DANCE: Th ~ Ta . d n -
ers honor the hD .. \J hid '. c ru;idcrcd the rno t
helpful beas!; of {he animal ",'odd.
N]GHT BIRD DAN E: "he Zuni Tndia.n
represent the bird who warn t" p ndian of comin
night.
RAIN DAN E: 11
rain; it is performed by me Df
whom al"e rire. sed in worn n clothes.
HOOP DA CE: "sed b, se ... ral of til, trihe.,
thi dance of pI asure demOfl_ trale the kil] and
ph, . leal stamina of tiP young boY'.
CRo,,,r DE: A social dan e, lh -'rfonn'r
n~quest prot ction for the growing or .
FRED NACKARD WHOLESALE LIQUOR - PEPSI OC
The symbols and patterns of fin· Navajo art ,,,'Ork
r l au~ to ~radition al b H·f.. The 3.\'ajos embrace a
philosophy that is threaded with enchanting m, l..h­)
Iogy and (h t: cone 'pi that cV{:l"ytlling i · finished in
beauty, Rituals to the mysteriou "Ho[y On ~" <Ii . ~
n~ al and ever pl'e. enr in thci dailr exp ri fie'. h-
;,w<ljo prociuve worb of art in {heir j \v Iry, wem ... •
jng, and sand paintin~ many of which arin.pir d l Y
th' gods who hold thdr de tillY.
Tn J \ f'1I '. avajo jl\ . rsmir.h~ croat
bl"aceh:: · buUon· buckles, b -lts, combs, earrin!":S,
and mis elLaneou items ~l.Ich as pi li boxe and ilve­'",'
are. ,ilver article. a:re primarily ca. t. hammt "d
and fjJcd. The cast jew ·lry is formed by pourjng
molten m ta~ into a t\ o-pi ~ sand Wn mold that
ha b n c.arved to the design of th finish d pi e,
HOLh tht~ hammel"f'd and filed je\i elr}' are made from
. 'lver, in . leet· or ingot·. The in!'Ut j. pounded into
. hape after heatin.El" and the design ]s made either
wi til a die and a hammer or wi t.h a fi Ie . Some of the
~lver is set with turquoise, and 0 'casionally coral or
s.helL Ea ing a c mad in many st I!S, but all arc
distincti vely Indian, Bea utif III squash blossom n k~
laces al'e popu la .
omc of the fin' t a\·ajo jewell j landlc.d by
til a ajol·ts and ' rafts Guild, an o.rganization
54:!t up by th tribal council to provide an outlet fo
I.h~ir work. ' uild headquart.er ' are at Vinclow Rock,
Ariw la, 1"1 a.r t.1'1 t.rib blJilding. All of the I avajQ
BROWNIE'S INDIAN SHOP
--~
~lIi~d je\eh·y bear t.h . tamp of the guild, whi h
~ . UT·· high quality.
Besides the pwdu lio of jev.'elry for corum .fcial
·301· and art centers, the Navajo like to wear signi­ficant
amOunt. of j e\ el r}T on t.h i.. pc on. To lh 01,
a di ~play of silver jcweh·y i a di ct mea ure of thd
po ition a d '\leahh, ·0 they literal!, '\ ear' their bank
a oum.' In addltion, they us their jew~lry a.
p..'lW in exc:han r for neecl·d ll:.oney or goods; but
alwa} . they eek to repo l': their 3.,·ti I . v .r.
though a trading- pm L rna. be obliged to keep them
in pa\ n seve.ral yca ... Their love of jewclr. will b
[C· dil vi~ibl ,at the Pow WO\"'. 'orne avajos b -
ause of a." ortage of cash will undoubted Iy put into
circulation th dime, quaFters, and silver doll ar~
which ha served as decora i'\o'c bu H.om and pin:;.
The.<ie can be id 'ntified by a small ·hank on the hack
of ' ·'l.eh coin.
\OVea\·jng has. been a signili.caIlt pan of the wo­man
·, oc.cupation .in e ~hey learned it from the
, pa.ni h. , pinning and waving. fOT the avajo
ha e pass d through :ilL multiple of change f m the
fi~·t pla:·~' blankets with ·'mpl· ·trip~ to the elabor­ate
thick rug ' b la1ing \ ith color and paue n. .. oday
blanket~ and rugs of every size, shap , color. t ':>:lur ,
and quality mal' be pUl"chascd. T hose \ hich have
greatest meri t nd command the high~ t P ic..es are
the all handwoven fab ·c< containing yam spun kom
their h p's wool. either used in it natural color 01'
/
/
d, d with the j uicc~ of native plants. ca: ing for a
popular commercial m rkc, he avajo have taken
ob IOU '10rt.-c\.w produ ing mao}' bl,lInket with
. t.or~.bought dy'" nd roc ry string warp, However,
a well-mad I'Llg of all handwo 'en materials w'l1 reo
tain its original bc..'-l tty and ",rear for yea '
Tlr' 'ariolls color' u':d in the rug pa t-rnaJ1e
drivoo from thre· 1l1'Ces: ( l) th na lral shade1l of
wuol from the gr y, br wn, and white sheep, (2) veg­claM
dy- prepa d from plants, and (3) aniline
dy " whi, h ar' pur" has d for the vivid COIOF .
:Blanke are seldon ,· 'actly alike, The tyl and
colors patt'mOO in the rug depe cJ tlpon the area
in lvhie-h the ~rvajo 1h'.s and on th ta, te of the
weaver. i (\'1/ blank ts and nlg styl s have: been
n med after thctJ'ading post s 'rving the area. Two
or tl . po, l~ whi 'h pre : dc the identifyin flame fOT'
Ihl' natjve products wo en in tllc1C vicinity aCi : (l)
TVIlO GRE): I ILL , blankets made of latural colors
with )fJnmetri al rjght.angJed b l'der d ign, and
(2) RY T L rugs woven in omervatlve desi "ns.
oft 'n incorporating the ~llnshine hu of, Dow and
orang'. h!le 31 h avier in weave than the Iindy
wo Grey Hills rug.
The i'itor to the Pm .. ' '\ ow w'U ha ~ unlimited
opportunities to pml(:ha e avajo rugs t the amp.
~llnds whem th' Indian. disp1ay their c afl-5 and
al stor ~ in town. ]lief!" the CJuaLiti" that rnark the
rugs and bJ nllet of merit are: tho . that have been
110
made from ,a11 hand ..... ,o 'en wool materials, both the
warp and weft; those with clean wool and evenly
pun am; tho that have lin' pattern as st aight a"
possible, although tlt·y \~ril1 not b as prf' t. as rna·
h ' made lab ic ; and tho~e that arc tightly wo en
with strajght finih d cdg s,
Two otb r art forni' b longin to the avajo
are worthy of mcntion: sand painting and t.h mor
r cent dcv Jopment of water color painting,
Under the direction of ilie m (Heine man who
carri the de igns in his mind, ,and paiJ lings are
executed for curing rit ~ , On the fluor of the hogan
fresh sand i pread on which rituaJi ti patterns-­~
orne as large a 20 feet in diameter-a ~ l"eated
with ('.,o]orcd nds. The ailing Indian is laid on the
sand pa'ntin placing him in direct contact and har­mony
with the univ~ . - rernoniomly, th' painting
i. d tlloved he ore sundo\.\'fL
PainC~g on ca 'as or paper for th sol purpo
of creating a picturelO njoy or ,n is a n~CC l art
exp slon of th Navajo. Only rc en Jy ha \'e they
been encourag d to expre them~elv in the medium
of " ater color. Man)' talented a ajo have devclop-d
recognized reputatio[ and 3Tecr. Among those
who have gained distinctjo aile Beati 'n Ya.7.Z (Little
0- lLirt) , Kec ie • hidey, Quincy Tahoma, Har.
riwon B-gay, tanl 'Y 'Ratte " Charl,ie Le, Ed Lee
lata., and ho t of other' wlw!le .. or k ar repre-sent
d in art gallcr'e. and mllSCl~ms across the nation,
tft
--.....
'----=-~
\~ ~->
II tllilt wi'll kllOWIl dau' when CI)lllrT hll. .-li,­eO\'
C"T(·d thL'. ew "'oriel. th(, pr ·.history of the 1a ,­
·lr.lH ar 'a wa); aln:<lll~' 011..1. Tilt: pn:h i ~llwir: Tndians
\'o't~ nO\\ all Ih . na5azi, "the anci nt one." h. d
livcd hen: [or n:ntllri's, Tfll.'}' had:..··11 a laud ru~h
tlnd a pop1!lation boom a tef ~llnSel Crater eruptf'd .
Y -t Ill'r had complcl 'Iy aballd Ilil-ci th' [.r·a by
I' 00 A .D.
E,·id 'nco nf their long ll('~lIpatiorl i~ <'ill ,[' und
II. - in lh b okC'n l)('1ttt'rr and hipped stone imple­lIIt:
Ht· slill lring 011 lhl' ~1' mJl1d, •. mel in 111(" mm'c th, n
] .')00 ite- recOl'd·d by th' IISA'lIrn of orthcm
Ari7l"lna ;n Lht" }'lag. \..'lff ar~a. alon(' . he ruim of
puchlos and diU dwdling', now jJrol'ctt:d by IlH.tju al
Ulomlr l lL'nl~ al '''almlt Canyon to lhe ~a t \\'upat.ki
and r.I\'ajn lO til, nOl·th, ;:II Jvf omC'711fl1 •. Castle and
TIlJ':ig;ool 10 dl{' soLLth. arc ·urvl\,.ds fl· lUI a pn'hislol ic
war of lifc.
Archa 'olof,ri~ts ban' heen f'. c.1v<lling sites • nd
'ludr;ilg 1111' p\cjclC'I'l(,(, for hair a century, aud have
piec('d logelher til, Alia" zi slll l ).
lla k in 500 A.D., only a ball(Hul (If . , na. aJ':i
jnhabil'd Ilw S lion of th ('xl 'miv ~ \'olcanic field
.lJrrollnding lhe • all FI"<Ul('i~u p('aks. which rim the
Takr of OlLl" anci nt and n:Jiic ,·nkilno. Scit'l'lli~t~
e~limah: lhal e~1 I)' popula[ion at around 3 0, from
~L1I,\'I'}'S of the ('arlic'l ~il '~. Thes~ Indian families
lind in earth lodgl"s, whi · It were bol1nw~ ~r:ooped ont
FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF ARIZONA
MEMBER FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORP.
-- A -_
[If I hI. groll nd and ro f ~d I'i,'C wi t.h pole and brush.
Th y hunted gam' wilh d;;n'tathrow r, rather'd nLll~
and," d. and ranned patches of com and be,"In·.
.] hey wore sandab \ oven of yucca fihl~r., animal
skim rOl' clothing, and ~\'O\'e ,lIec:a bags and b.ask·t
for hou 'chol(l me.
Ry 950 A,D" in tl c n tUI 1 oure of ·v-~nl,..<;, lh .
popula l im1 had jncreased t.o arollnd 300, hey had
uC{jllil'ed the bow and a!'ro,~' learned ~o mak pOll ry,
and 1i,'('( ;n pitholl'" dug deep enough for the
ground to r nrm the wall ', <ll d providing betl '["
slwher. 'orne b'rollp~ began to utilize llw Q\' I~hanging
Jed. ' . in \ Val nut Canyon a. ead y-madc roof for
l'OOm~ wall~.x] .vith rocks and cclfl'm d with adobe
mud, They were th· fi . l diH dwell 'rs in Lhc \'k~nily
of FJag ·taff.
At the cnd of he followin f CCi'1I lJ ry ('".arne the
T 'nl Lhat hang'd th c'lIJ r. of pr ·.hilitory, Th" al'l
Fran i · 0 'olcanic fi lel, after 'c.ulogical a~ s of in·
aCl ivity, t'xplodcd intu \'iolent eruption in til"' cindf'ra
one ar 'a casL of the peak!;, mL t "rater, the nL'wC!ii
and .0 far th ~ 1".t of the con ", wa (;1' ated from
I f'dhot lava" ash, anti cindc. ejected fro r a volc..anic
\' 'nt, altered by th' wincl, Ihe cinders and ash
hlanket d the lao(l for mil ~s around. ".I.'ht: date was
106'1, and how that wa u'tc.rn tned i~ a tOl)' in its If.
' ''''hat . ~~n1t"d at first a :ata ·trophe set the sta"e
reli' Of. prehi '£01'; land boom. The lay. ..· r of c'nde
and ash, co\' 'ring 801) square miles amund the newly
for::I1'd unset .Her a ted a mulch to hold wat ..
I mm sumnl -.[ rains and wintf'..f snow~, The An.1.SaLi
who cautiously ·turned after th· eruption 'oon dis­c.
ovemd th -~y could grO\~' good crop of corn and
bean in previou 1y untiUabl so'1. Gradually tins
anlazing news pread throughout the : uthwest and
the migrations started. From the rd · Valle}' w du.:
_vltlth rune PI' b.i toric Indian now call ed til· Hoko­hm;
from the 1,Vhite Mountaln region Came othct;
call d. tJ1C Mo_ ollml· man}' more nasa'1.i mcn·ed in
from t.he north., and Imm th· west OJ. group of still
u nd etern i ned origin,
V·iichin fiIt). year ' of the gr 'al 'ruption, the pOpa
tdat ion in th -. FJa~taff a " 3 had more than quad­rupled
from an ~'$timatecl 875 to around 4000,
By ] 160 A_D., t.hc population had doubled again al d
,'each,/'d a peak of 0\1('1'" 8,000.
This was the" Treat Pueblo" P '[lad, and the high
poin t of cultura~ contacl~ and prospel'it _ For two
enluri -.~ the F~agsl,.aff arca held one nf th - dense;t
Impulations in north rn Ariwna. rade routes \J ere
divel't d into thc l-egion, hl"in 'ng abalone ~h. II from
Califonlia, parrots and coPTpr belL from! -xico via
'Outhcrl'l Ari:7.0lla, :>""Ilt from Lhe Ve dc, turquoise from
ew 'lc.>tico. VariN)! of decorated POtLt'I'Y ,t YJ •.
wa int.roduced bl' the n'w 'omer!;_
During tlu time the ~ - tacular red sandstone
pueblo of 'W upatki ('IT all House" ) w buill th ili :y
lrules northea t 01 Fla,!'Staff. In til· 1100s it contained
InO thal 100 room~ and SO lIC parts were at ]ea~t
lhn.;c '. tories high_
he Kayenta. bnmch 0 the At a 'ali built th i.r
masonry" partment hOLH.t~" at Keet eel, J3. ta~kin,
and Inscription HOll··. the three d iff dwcHings oon­tail'led
within the avajo ational fonumellt_ In
the Verde Vaile}' ttl pueblo-bwlders p]a cd lh ir
structures 0'11 1 il.hops or set them into caverns in th
lim ~l:On ' liffs> and worked out an irrigation y: U'J!\
to chann l wate onto their field._
A. the y'l~S palioScd in tiP FJagstaff . area, 1"10\.\"
O\-er. the protective blanket of a~h. and d de djs­appr'..
ared Ihrough wind aClion ' and lll"osion. Un­duubt0tUy
other fa lON; (,ontributed to a gradual
abandonment of II t: {.~mir re .. ion_ Ry ] 2.,0 .D_ th>
popHlalion had shrunk toap oxim.aldy 600. Durin""
tl ~ 'xodu . many T nd ians moved into the Verde
alley wh l' II etc is evidence of a populatjo 'n­crease.
during the 1200. _ Mont'wma Cas~le and Tuzi­goot
continued to flnuri h fOl- another centu '. K -·t
'eeL now the Ia.r fCSt cliff min in ri1.Qlla, wa one of
lhe la t to be abandoned in lhc lorth.
Th expamion 'vhicll followed the en ptlon r
."uns l ~nilCr had utterly m llapsed hy 1 00. Incr d­ible
a~ it may see.m, t.he . wom no permo..nlmt inhabi­lanb
in the FI gstaff nuion for the ncxL 500 y-.' _
lLntii pion!.:·r -ttl rs founded Flag tan in 1880. The
fi[st • oglo-American who p]orcd the area in the
lB.')£l. h;~d round only Yavapai and Ha\'aiiupai 1 unl­CJ"
and not a !lingle permanent Iodi. n \,ll1a re, E.C. .
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Boice B" lIer Fi redone Store
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J im Pitt~ T e:KaCQ
Modem M otOI'S
Bled$Q9'~ Men's Shop
And y' s S poriin 9 Go ods & Packalg e Liquors
Burrus Realty
Frie'nd's Office Supplies
Sprouse Reitz
H.!Im ~Iton Furn itll! re
Bob's liquor & Sporting Goods
George Sabb itt Real Estate
Brown's Credit Jewelers
Young's Market, Inc.
Out West Ca,ie
Tiuaw ~Ie efrie Co.
EI Patio Cde
Moore Drug Co,
Klic~ Distributors, Inc.
Robert W. Prochnow Insurance Agency
GolI~lit9 Lodg e
Harp er Furniture CQ,
Northern Artwna Gas S'ervli c:::e
NQ rman Nursery
Northern Arizona Glass & Paint Co.
Miller'5
Whisperi ng Win ds Motor Hotel
Crawley Distributors
General Outdoor Adverti$il'lC]I Inc:::.
Che shire M otor~
The Brandin' lron Western Sto:re
Hu don C heyron Se rvioe
Ferris Paint Co.
Grand Canyo:n T r,olIvel Ag enc:y
Steves ,Bro5. Construction Co., Ililc.
Fla,gdaff Ploral Shop
N oriherlll Ariro na Am use-ment Co.
Circle Q Ranch Shop
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