State of Arizona
Office
of the
Auditor General
PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Report to the Arizona Legislature
By Debra K. Davenport
Acting Auditor General
August 1999
Report No. 99-14
ARIZONA COUNCIL
FOR THE
HEARING IMPAIRED
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DOUGLAS R. NORTON, CPA
AUDITOR GENERAL
DEBRA K. DAVENPORT, CPA
DEPUTY AUDITOR GENERAL
STATE OF ARIZONA
OFFICE OF THE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Introduction and Background ..................... 1
Finding I: The Council Should Take a
Stronger Role in Ensuring
an Adequate Number of
Qualified Interpreters............................... 9
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Finding II: Poor Inventory Control
Process Has Resulted in
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (concl’d)
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Finding II (cont’d)
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Agency Response
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INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
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1. The objective and purpose in establishing the Ari-zona
Council for the Hearing Impaired.
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7. The extent to which the attorney general or any other
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authority to prosecute actions under the enabling
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9. The extent to which changes are necessary in the
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Agency Response
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No Dream Too Large…No Effort Too Small
6816(7 5(63216(
August 10, 1999
Finding I: The Council Should Take a Stronger Role in
Ensuring an Adequate Number of Qualified Interpreters.
#1& #2 (a)(b) and 3(a)(b). The finding of the Auditor General is agreed
to and the audit recommendation will be implemented.
While the Council agrees with the Office of the Auditor General’s report that Arizona
Council for the Hearing Impaired (ACHI) needs to take a stronger role in ensuring an
adequate number of qualified interpreters are available to residents living in Arizona.
The critical need for qualified interpreters is not new to Arizona. Through various
documentations and interviews with Deaf and hard of hearing residents. The Long-
Range Planning for Statewide Interpreting Services Report includes a comprehensive
study of interpreter issues. The study as well as the Educational Interpreter Guide has
been completed and distributed to the various college/universities and public schools.
The Council felt that the study was a vital documentation addressing interpreting issues.
The Council is planning to adopt and follow the State of Kentucky strategy in pursuing
and developing a four- year interpreter-training program as well as implementing a
licensure program by the year of 2007.
“The licensing system can prevent harm to the public from unethical or unqualified
practitioners. The state can invoke its authority to sanction those who misuse the
professional title and those who do not conform to the accepted standard of conduct or
quality of performance.” (Frishberg, 1990)
Generally, most states are disinclined to pass legislation in favor of licensure “unless
self-monitoring has proven unsuccessful and can be demonstrated to result in harm to
the public health, welfare or safety.” (Frishberg, 1990)
Arizona Council for the Hearing Impaired
1400 W. Washington Street Room 126
Phoenix, Arizona 85007
602-542-3336
Collins_Sherri@pop.state.az.us
Arizona Council for the Hearing Impaired
Sunset Response Page 2
The State lacks qualified interpreters mainly because there are not enough
training programs.
The Council disagrees; Arizona suffers from lack of qualified interpreters because of the
lack of quality training programs. Currently Interpreter Training Programs in Arizona
say their programs are doing fine because their graduates are getting jobs. (See
attachment A)
Not only it is difficult to demonstrate public harm from not licensing interpreters,
but requiring licensing could further limit supply of interpreters, increase the
costs for consumers and restrict entry into the profession.
The current licensing proposal, which the Council endorses, will establish a licensure
system that will administer three types of licenses: Legal, Generalist and Provisional.
(See attachment B)
Through current licensing system, the Board could be required by law to maintain and
make available to the public, a directory of qualified interpreters for individuals wishing
to hire an interpreter. Currently, hiring an interpreter has proven to be cost-prohibitive
because the hiring party has to hire through a referral agency which can result in
additional fees for hiring an interpreter. Typically when one contracts interpreting
services directly with the interpreter, the average fees can range from 23 to 27 dollars
an hour as opposed to an average of 35 to 42 dollars an hour when hiring through a
referral agency.
The Council should focus its efforts on developing a larger pool of qualified
interpreters.
The council agrees we should to work toward developing a pool of qualified
interpreters. The Council strongly believes that a warm body is not better than anything
at all. Quality assurance measures need to be developed to ensure qualified
interpreters are being hired and that they obtain appropriate continuing education
training to further develop their skills.
Further, an Arizona Department of Education official notes that school districts
are unable to obtain a sufficient number of qualified interpreters and must often
accept lower-level, uncertified interpreters to fulfil the interpreting needs of
various school around the State.
The Council asks, why is this happening? Deaf and hard of hearing children are
graduating from public school systems with 3rd or 4th grade reading level. This puts a
tremendous burden on State Vocational Rehabilitation system to provide them with
training so they can develop marketable job skills. Many graduates often do benefit
from the wealth of information normally offered to hearing children in public school
settings.
Arizona Council for the Hearing Impaired
Sunset Response Page 3
Need for licensed interpreters not supported.
Self-policing has failed, there is no regulation requiring quality. Currently system
supports quantity rather quality. (Frishberg, 1990)
The Council waiting another 10 years for the next Sunset Review to implement a
licensure is too long because we have already recognized the problem and must begin
implementing programs for interpreters now. Why wait?
Attached (C) is a copy of the Senate Bill 1324 that was signed into law on May 15, 1999
to require court reporters to be certified before they can practice court reporters.
Licensure potentially limits supply.
For example, problems with communication cannot always be blamed on the
interpreter, as the deaf and hard of hearing persons involved may not have expressed
themselves fully or accurately.
When faced with a situation where one knows the interpreter is not effectively
interpreting, the Deaf/hard of hearing client will often try to make the best of it, the same
applies to the hearing consumer. Psychological factors are not being considered in this
report. This also applies to Hispanic-Americans who speaks Spanish.
Research as indicated by Statewide Interpreting Planning Committee has indicated that
consumers’ biggest complaint was that the interpreter was not adequately trained to
effectively interpret for the Deaf/hard of hearing consumer or the hearing consumer.
The Council has received complaints from individuals who requested qualified
interpreters to be provided for public functions but obtained less qualified interpreters
because hiring a particular interpreter was “cheaper” than hiring a qualified interpreter
who obtained the necessary training to interpret effectively in those settings.
A mechanism for identifying a qualified interpreter and complaining about alleged
harm caused by an interpreter already exists …RID has a grievance process
through which both Deaf and hearing consumers can complain about a RID-certified
interpreter.
Yes, for only 76 of those interpreters. There is no professional grievance procedure for
the remaining 300+ interpreters. Basically, the Deaf consumer will be out of luck when
he or she is stuck with the services of unqualified interpreter. No licensing authority will
exist and there will be no where to take their complaints. The Council will need to
provide education to the consumers about their rights and how to file a complaint.
New requirements provided no guarantee that interpreters will upgrade their
skills.
Arizona Council for the Hearing Impaired
Sunset Response Page 4
Licensure will require Continuing Education Unit (CEUs), even if an interpreter is not
nationally certified. Texas BEI does not expressly require CEUs. And because Texas
BEI does not force interpreters to continually upgrade their skills or seek higher
certification, interpreters will stay at the same level and the state will continue to suffer
with a shortage of qualified interpreters.
Council recommendations:
Establish licensure for interpreters (including oral, cued-speech or other
communication methods). The target date to begin requiring licensure is September
1, 2007.
Legislator mandate Colleges and Universities to provide training and degree
programs.
State provides funding for training and mentoring program for interpreters (including
oral and cued-speech) and sign language instructors.
Recognize American Sign Language (ASL) as a foreign language.
Establish a certification for sign language teachers to teach ASL.
Additional information may be obtained from the Arizona Council for the Hearing
Impaired.
Finding II: Poor Inventory Control Process Has Resulted in
Loss of State Property.
#1,2,3. The finding of the Auditor General is agreed to and a different
method of dealing with the finding will be implemented.
Since the new director joined ACHI a year ago there have been major changes within
the agency. The Council would like to allow the director to make the improvements of
the TTY distribution program before exploring contracting the program outside of the
agency. The director has investigated the best usable database software for inventory
control. The office recently purchased “Smeadlink” bar code tracking software that will
allow ACHI to track documents, improve fileroom and inventory organization.
SUNSET FACTORS
Arizona Council for the Hearing Impaired
Sunset Response Page 5
#8. The finding of the Auditor General is agreed to and a different
method of dealing with the finding will be implemented.
The Council recommends to change its name to “Arizona Commission for the Deaf and
Hard of Hearing”. The council also recommends to reduce the size of the 19 members
to 13. The following list of 13 members suggested are as follows:
4 Hard of Hearing Representatives (2 hard of hearing and 1 late deafened adult)
4 Deaf Representatives (2 ASL users and 1 oral deaf)
1 Parent of a deaf or hard of hearing child Representative
1 Arizona Registry Interpreter of the Deaf Representative
1 Certified Audiologist Representative
1 ASDB or Phoenix Day School for the Deaf Representative
1 Department of Economic Security
1 – non-voting Student Representative
#9 The finding of the Auditor General is agreed to and a different
method of dealing with the finding will be implemented.
RE: Telecommunication devices for the deaf and the hard of hearing and speech
impaired.
It is recommended to change the name of the program to “Communication Equipment
Distribution Program”. This will allow the Council to expand its communication devices
to the deaf and hard of hearing telephone users.
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