Youth Gambling Profile Report 2012

              Youth Gambling
2012 Arizona Youth Survey
The Arizona Criminal Justice Commission’s Statistical Analysis Center thanks
Bach Harrison, L.L.C. for their professionalism and contributions during the
administration of the 2012 Arizona Youth Survey. In addition we thank the
Arizona Department of Gaming, Office of Problem Gambling for their
continued financial support of the Arizona Youth Survey. We also benefited
from the expertise, guidance, and assistance provided by our colleagues at
the Arizona Criminal Justice Commission and from input received from
many individuals working for agencies throughout the state including:
Additionally, the success of the 2012 Arizona Youth Survey could not have
been achieved without the support and participation of school
superintendents, principals, prevention coordinators, and teachers throughout
the state. Finally, we extend our thanks to the students who responded to the
survey. Their thoughtful participation resulted in a wealth of information
that can be used to improve the circumstances in which they live and learn.
Leslie Bloom, The Partnership for Drug Free America, AZ Affiliate
Jennifer Chambers, Arizona State University
Katherine Grzybowski, Arizona State University
Elise Mickkelsen, Office of Problem Gambling
Richard Porter, Arizona Department of Health Services
Rick Pyper, Office of Problem Gambling
Mary Sands, Arizona State University
Lisa Shumaker, Arizona Department of Health Services
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents
Lifetime and 30 Day ATOD Use
Problem Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior
Gambling
Risk and Protective Factor Profiles
Where Youth Obtained Alcohol, Marijuana, and Prescription Drugs
School Safety and Cyber-Bullying
4
5
6
7
8
9
42
44
58
59
10
14
18
22
30
38
Introduction
The Risk and Protective Factor Model of Prevention
The Charts and Tables in this Report
The Community Data Project
The Arizona Substance Abuse Partnership
School and Community Improvement Using Survey Data
Data Charts:
Risk and Protective Factor Scale Definitions
Data Tables
Appendix
Contacts for Prevention
4
participation by schools in all of Arizona's 15
counties. Careful planning and uniform
administration of the survey have resulted in
survey data that are valid and representative
of the students in 8th, 10th, and 12th grades in
Arizona.
The 2012 AYS contained ten questions that asked
students how often they had done any of the
following for money, possessions or anything of
value: 1) played a slot machine, poker machine
or other gambling machine, 2) played the lottery
or scratch-off tickets, 3) bet on sports, 4) played
cards, 5) bought a raffle ticket, 6) played bingo, 7)
gambled on the Internet, 8) bet on dice games
such as craps, 9) bet on games of personal skill
such as pool or a video game and 10) bet on a
horse or other animal race. The response
categories were Never; Before, but not in the
past 12 months; At least once in the past 12
months; Once or twice a month; Once or twice a
week; and Almost every day.
For the purposes of analyzing youth gambling,
students have been divided into three groups:
non-gamblers, infrequent gamblers (those
indicating the answer categories “Before, but not
in the past year” or “A few times in the past
year”), and frequent gamblers (those indicating
the answer categories “Once or twice a month,”
“Once or twice a week,” or “Almost every day”).
Table 1 compares the characteristics of students
who completed the survey, separated into the
three categories of student gambling activity.
There were a total of 1,721 students who did
not complete the gambling questions and were
not included in the gambling analysis. Because
not all students answer all of the questions, the
number of students in the gender and ethnicity
categories will often not equal the total number
of students in all grades.
To better understand the diversity of
Arizona’s youth population, respondents were
asked separate questions about their ethnicity
(Hispanic vs. Non-Hispanic) and their race
(Caucasian, African-American, Native American,
etc.). This method for obtaining ethnicity and
race information provides more comprehensive
data on youth cultural and racial self-identification,
and a more nuanced understanding
of Arizona’s diverse youth population.
2012 Arizona Youth Survey
Youth Gambling Summary Report
This report summarizes findings from the 2012 Arizona Youth
Survey (AYS) administered to 8th, 10th, and 12th grade students
during spring 2012. The survey was designed to assess school
safety, adolescent substance use, antisocial behavior and the risk
and protective factors that predict these adolescent problem
behaviors.
All schools in Arizona are eligible to participate in the survey,
and recruitment efforts were successful in obtaining
Introduction
Table 1. Characteristics of Participants
Non-Gamblers Infrequent Frequent State
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Students by Grade
8 7,060 41.3 11,856 45.0 9,232 51.8 28,932 46.1
10 5,203 30.4 8,060 30.6 5,048 28.3 18,766 29.9
12 4,845 28.3 6,415 24.4 3,526 19.8 15,119 24.1
All Students Surveyed* 17,108 100.0 26,331 100.0 17,806 100.0 62,817 100.0
Students by Gender
Male 6,936 41.4 11,782 45.7 10,685 61.8 30,383 49.5
Female 9,824 58.6 13,983 54.3 6,618 38.2 30,938 50.5
Table 2. Race/Ethnicity of Participants
Non-Gamblers Infrequent
Gamblers Frequent Gamblers State 2012
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
281 5.3 441 4.7 374 5.0 1,121 4.9
150 2.9 252 2.7 229 3.1 658 2.9
50 1.0 84 0.9 80 1.1 222 1.0
47 0.9 77 0.8 93 1.2 225 1.0
1,641 31.2 2,913 30.9 2,064 27.7 6,774 29.7
248 4.7 438 4.6 376 5.0 1,099 4.8
2,843 54.0 5,222 55.4 4,239 56.9 12,732 55.8
Non-Gamblers Infrequent
Gamblers Frequent Gamblers State 2012
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
518 4.8 766 4.9 673 7.2 1,909 5.2
551 5.1 775 5.0 569 6.1 1,979 5.4
541 5.0 700 4.5 363 3.9 1,641 4.5
79 0.7 132 0.8 105 1.1 324 0.9
7,921 73.0 11,306 72.7 6,508 69.9 26,247 72.1
677 6.2 1,143 7.3 680 7.3 2,561 7.0
566 5.2 731 4.7 408 4.4 1,759 4.8
Non-Gamblers Infrequent
Gamblers Frequent Gamblers State 2012
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
5,260 30.7 9,427 35.8 7,455 41.9 22,831 36.3
10,853 63.4 15,553 59.1 9,306 52.3 36,420 58.0
17,108 100.0 26,331 100.0 17,806 100.0 62,817 100.0
*
**
Grades with fewer than 20 students participating are not included in this report. However, students from grades not making the
cutoff are included in All Students Surveyed. This means the number of students reported in All Students Surveyed may
exceed the sum of individual grades. (All Students Surveyed will match the grade total in reports with data drawn from a single
d )
Hispanic Students
Non-Hispanic Students
Total Students**
Totals
Race Unmarked
African American
Asian
Native American
Pacific Islander
White
Multi-Racial
Student marked 'Yes' to
Are you Hispanic or Latino?
and marked their race as:
Native American
Student marked 'No' to
Are you Hispanic or Latino?
and marked their race as:
African American
As a small percentage of students skipped the question Are you Hispanic or Latino? (at the state level, 3,566 students, or 5.7%
of the total), the sum of Hispanic and Non-Hispanic students is less than Total Students .
Hispanic
Pacific Islander
White
Multi-Racial
Race Unmarked
Asian
Non-Hispanic
5
Protective factors exert a positive influence and
buffer against the negative influence of risk, thus
reducing the likelihood that adolescents will engage in
problem behaviors. Protective factors identified
through research include strong bonding to family,
school, community and peers, and healthy beliefs and
clear standards for behavior.
Research on risk and protective factors also has
important implications for children’s academic
success, positive youth development, and prevention
of health and behavior problems. In order to promote
academic success and positive youth development
and to prevent problem behaviors, it is necessary to
address the factors that predict these outcomes. By
measuring risk and protective factors in a population,
specific risk factors that are elevated and widespread
can be identified and targeted by policies, programs,
and actions shown to reduce those risk factors and to
promote protective factors.
Many risk and protective factors can be linked to
specific types of interventions that have been shown to
be effective in either reducing risk(s) or enhancing
protection(s). The steps outlined here will help your
community make key decisions regarding allocation of
resources, how and when to address specific needs,
and which strategies are most effective and known to
produce results.
Prevention is a science. The Risk and Protective
Factor Model of Prevention is a proven way of
reducing substance abuse and its related
consequences. This model is based on the simple
premise that to prevent a problem from happening,
we need to identify the factors that increase the risk
of that problem developing and then find ways to
reduce the risks. Just as medical researchers have
found risk factors for heart disease such as diets high
in fat, lack of exercise, and smoking, a team of
researchers at the University of Washington have
defined a set of risk factors for youth problem
behaviors.
Risk factors are characteristics of school, community
and family environments, and of students and their
peer groups known to predict increased likelihood of
drug use, delinquency, school dropout, and violent
behaviors among youth. For example, children who
live in families with high levels of conflict are more
likely to become involved in delinquency and drug use
than children who live in families characterized by low
levels of family conflict.
The chart below shows the links between 19 risk
factors and five problem behaviors. The check marks
indicate where at least two well designed, published
research studies have shown a link between the risk
factor and the problem behavior.
Source: Communities That Care (CTC) prevention model, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA)
The Risk and Protective Factor Model of Prevention
T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T
T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T
T T T T T T T T T T
T T T T T T T T T T T T
T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T
Risk
Factors
Favorable Parent Attitudes & Involvement
in the Problem Behavior
Community Family School Peer / Individual
Community Laws & Norms Favorable
Toward Drug Use, Firearms & Crime
Constitutional Factors
Gang Involvement
Favorable Attitudes Toward Drug Use
& Other Problem Behaviors
Friends Who Use Drugs &
Engage in Problem Behaviors
Alienation & Rebelliousness
Early & Persistent Antisocial Behavior
Early Initiation of Drug Use
& Other Problem Behaviors
Lack of Commitment to School
Academic Failure
Community Disorganization
Low Neighborhood Attachment
Transitions & Mobility
Availability of Drugs & Firearms
Family Management Problems
Family Conflict
Family History of the Problem Behavior
Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation
School Drop-Out
Violence
Substance Abuse
Delinquency
Teen Pregnancy
6
There are seven types of charts presented in this report:
1. Gambling
2. Lifetime and 30-day ATOD use
3. Binge drinking and antisocial behavior
4. Risk profiles
5. Protective profiles
6. Where youth acquired alcohol, marijuana, and
prescription drugs
7. School safety and cyber-bullying
Data from the charts are also presented in Tables 4
through 14 that appear at the end of this report. The
additional data found in Tables 15 through 18 are
explained at the end of this section.
Understanding the Format of the Charts
There are several graphical elements common to all
the charts. Understanding the format of the charts and
what these elements represent is essential in
interpreting the results of the 2012 AYS.
• The Bars on substance use and antisocial behavior
charts represent the percentage of students who
reported a given behavior. For the risk and protective
charts, research has determined cutoff scores for each
scale where the likelihood of youth problem
behaviors were increased (youth at risk) or reduced
(youth having protection). The bars on the risk and
protective factor charts represent the percentage of
students scoring above the cutoff, reflecting elevated
risk or protection in that category. zzz zzz zzzzzzzzz z
Each set of differently colored bars represents one of
the last three administrations of the AYS: 2008, 2010,
and 2012. By looking at the percentages over time, it
is possible to identify trends in substance use and
antisocial behavior. By studying the percentage of
youth at risk and with protection over time, it is
possible to determine whether the percentage of
students at risk or with protection is increasing,
decreasing, or staying the same. This information is
important when deciding which risk and protective
factors warrant attention.
• Dots and Diamonds. The dots on the charts
represent the percentage of all of the youth surveyed
across Arizona who reported substance use, problem
behavior, elevated risk, or elevated protection. The
diamonds represent national data from either the
Monitoring the Future (MTF) Survey or the Bach
Harrison Norm. zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
The Bach Harrison Norm was developed by Bach
Harrison L.L.C. to provide states and communities
Charts and Tables in this Report
with the ability to compare their results on risk,
protection, and antisocial measures with more
national measures. Survey participants from eight
statewide surveys and five large regional surveys
across the nation were combined into a database of
approximately 460,000 students. The results were
weighted to make the contribution of each state and
region proportional to its share of the national
population. Bach Harrison analysts then calculated
rates for antisocial behavior and for students at risk and
with protection. The results appear on the charts as BH
Norm. In order to keep the Bach Harrison Norm
relevant, it is updated approximately every two
years as new data become available. zzzzz zzzzzzzzz
A comparison to state-wide and national results
provides additional information for your community
in determining the relative importance of levels of
alcohol, tobacco and other drug (ATOD) use,
antisocial behavior, risk, and protection. Information
about other students in the state and the nation can
be helpful in determining the seriousness of a given
level of problem behavior. Scanning across the charts,
it is important to observe the factors that differ the
most from the Bach Harrison Norm. This is the first
step in identifying the levels of risk and protection
that are higher or lower than those in other
communities. The risk factors that are higher than the
Bach Harrison Norm and the protective factors that
are lower than the Bach Harrison Norm are probably
the factors that your community should consider
addressing when planning prevention programs.
Gambling
Gambling behavior charts show the percentage of
students who engaged in each of the 10 types of
gambling “for money, possessions, or anything of value”
during the past year: played gambling machines,
played the lottery, bet on sports, played cards, bought
a raffle ticket, played bingo, gambled on the Internet,
bet on a dice game, bet on a game of personal skill and
bet on horse or other animal races. The chart also
shows the percentage of students who engaged in any
gambling behavior during the past year.
Lifetime and 30-Day ATOD Use
• Lifetime use is a measure of the percentage of
students who tried the particular substance at least
once in their lifetime and is used to show the
percentage of students who have had experience
with a particular substance.
• 30-day use is a measure of the percentage of students
7
who used the substance at least once in the 30 days
prior to taking the survey and is a more sensitive
indicator of the level of current use of the substance.
Binge Drinking and Antisocial Behavior
• Binge Drinking is measured as having five or more
drinks in a row during the two weeks prior to the
survey.
• Drinking and Driving is measured by youth
drinking alcohol and driving, or riding with a driver
who had been drinking alcohol in the past 30 days.
• Antisocial behavior (ASB) is a measure of the
percentage of students who report any involvement
during the past year with the eight antisocial
behaviors listed in the charts.
Risk and Protective Factor Profiles
Risk and protective factor scales measure specific
aspects of a youth’s life experience that can be used to
predict whether he/she will engage in problem
behaviors. The scales, defined in Table 3, are grouped
into four domains: community, family, school, and
peer/individual. The risk and protective factor charts
show the percentage of students at risk and with
protection for each of the scales.
Where Youth Obtained Alcohol, Marijuana
and Prescription Drugs
These charts display data regarding the ways that
students obtained alcohol, marijuana and prescription
drugs in the past 30 days. Each chart focuses on a
subgroup of students who indicated at least one means
of obtaining alcohol, marijuana, or prescription drugs.
(Students reporting no use of the relevant substance
are not represented in these data.) The smaller the size
of the subgroup (known as the sample size), the more
dramatic the influence of a student's responses (e.g., if
only one student in a particular grade reported where
he/she obtained alcohol, each category would show up
as either 0% or 100%). The chart legends indicate the
sample size for each grade surveyed to help clarify the
value of the data.
School Safety and Cyber-Bullying
The school safety and cyber-bullying profile charts
contain the percentages of students who felt unsafe at
school or on the way to school, were threatened or
injured with a weapon at school, were in a physical
fight at school, carried a weapon to school, were
picked on or bullied at school, or were harassed or
mistreated while on-line or using an electronic device.
The complete questions and values for each response
option can be seen in Table 14.
Additional Data in this Report
In addition to data presented in the charts and Tables 4
through 14, Tables 15 through 18 contain information
useful for prevention planning and grant monitoring.
Table 15 contains the information that is required by
communities with Drug Free Communities Grants,
such as the perception of the risk of ATOD use,
perception of parent and peer disapproval of ATOD
use, past 30-day use, and average age of first use.
How Ctoh aRretsa da nthde T Cahbalersts i nin t hthisis R Reeppoortr t( c(coonnt’td’d) )
Supported by a grant from the Arizona Governor's Office
for Children, Youth and Families, the Community
Data Project is a multi-agency effort to create a central
repository for Arizona's substance abuse and crime
data. Through a user-friendly web site, individuals
have access to a one-stop portal where they can select
the type of data they need, specific demographic
characteristics, and their geographic level of interest.
Various output options are offered, including data
tables, graphs, and maps to cover a variety of reporting
and visualization needs. The web site is a useful tool
for practitioners and policymakers who are addressing
substance abuse, juvenile delinquency, and crime and
the criminal justice system by providing them with a
picture of the characteristics and needs of Arizona’s
communities. Having data that are specific to the
user’s geographic area of interest not only leads to an
enhanced understanding of the community issues
related to drugs and crime, but also maximizes data-for-
decision-making capabilities for things such as the
appropriate program content, identification of at-risk
target areas and populations, grant writing and reporting,
monitoring progress of prevention and intervention
initiatives over time, and determining resource
allocation. Please visit the Community Data Project at:
www.azcjc.gov/ACJC.Web/sac/CommunDataPrj.aspx
The Community Data Project
8
The Arizona Substance Abuse Partnership
The Arizona Substance Abuse Partnership (ASAP) was established by Executive Order 2007-12 in June 2007.
Currently chaired by the Director of the Governor’s Office for Children, Youth and Families, who also acts as the
Governor’s Policy Advisor for Human Services, the ASAP serves as the single statewide council on substance abuse
treatment, prevention, intervention/enforcement, and recovery issues. The ASAP brings together stakeholders at
the federal, state, tribal, and local levels to improve coordination of efforts; and address identified gaps in
prevention, treatment, enforcement, and recovery efforts. The ASAP utilizes data and practical expertise to develop
effective methods for integrating and expanding services across Arizona, thereby maximizing available resources.
It is ASAP’s mission to ensure community-driven, agency-supported outcomes to prevent and reduce the negative
impacts of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs by building and sustaining partnerships between professionals in the
substance abuse field. Through coordination and collaboration among its members and their respective agencies
and organizations, the ASAP strives to ensure that substance abuse is addressed in a comprehensive manner and
that funding is spent efficaciously and efficiently.
Recognizing that prescription drug abuse is a serious threat to the health and well-being of families and
communities in Arizona, the ASAP is devoted to reducing prescription drug abuse.
There are currently two work groups that assist the ASAP in meeting its goals:
• Substance Abuse Epidemiology Work Group (Epi Work Group) – The Substance Abuse Epidemiology
Work Group’s mission is to provide communities, policymakers and local, state and tribal officials with data
on the use, consequences and context of alcohol and illicit, over-the-counter, and prescription drugs to
inform their substance abuse prevention and intervention strategies. The Epi Work Group produces The
Impact of Substance Abuse: A Snapshot of Arizona and behavioral health epidemiology profiles for use by
community coalitions, agencies, and individuals in relevant fields. Additionally, the Epi Work Group
conducts analyses of individual substance abuse issues, responds to ad hoc data requests and brings data to
bear on ASAP’s policy decisions around its strategic plan and focus areas. Further, the Epi Work Group
assists the ASAP to develop effective methods for integrating and expanding services across Arizona while
maximizing available resources and supporting a data-driven decision-making process.
• Communities Preventing Substance Abuse Work Group (CPSAWG) – The Communities Preventing
Substance Abuse Work Group is a merging of two former subcommittees of the ASAP, the Underage
Drinking Prevention Committee and the Community Advisory Board. This group brings together
representatives from community coalitions around the state and state agency representatives to provide an
essential link between community and state-level efforts. The CPSAWG brings the community voice to the
ASAP table; reports on important community issues that inform ASAP’s work; helps communities improve
their capacity to identify emerging trends, as well as take action and report on them to the proper
institutions/authorities; takes the data available through the Epi Work Group and the ASAP back to
coalitions and communities to effectively target prevention, treatment, recovery, and enforcement activities;
serves as a resource for communities and the state to identify the most effective ways to reduce substance
abuse through collaborative efforts and by targeting limited resources where they are most needed; and
elevates and recognizes the important work being carried out at the community level to ensure that state-level
responses are cognizant of the impact of policies on individual communities. This work group assesses
statewide epidemiological data, resources, strategies and policies, and builds relationships with tribes, youth,
law enforcement, government agencies, and community coalitions. By combining resources, practice, and
research, the work group collaborates to reduce substance abuse.
9
What are the numbers telling you?
Review the charts and data tables presented in this report. Note your findings as you discuss the following questions.
• Which 3-5 risk factors appear to be higher than you would want when compared to the state/Bach Harrison Norm?
• Which 3-5 protective factors appear to be lower than you would want when compared to the state/Bach Harrison Norm?
• Which levels of 30-day drug use are increasing and/or unacceptably high?
o Which substances are your students using the most?
o At which grades do you see unacceptable usage levels?
• Which levels of antisocial behaviors are increasing and/or unacceptably high?
o Which behaviors are your students exhibiting the most?
o At which grades do you see unacceptable behavior levels?
How to identify high priority problem areas.
• Look across the charts – which items stand out as either much higher or much lower than the others?
• Compare your data with statewide, and/or national data – differences of 5% between local and other data are
probably significant.
• Prioritize problems for your area – Make an assessment of the rates you’ve identified. Which problem(s) can be
realistically addressed with the funding available to your community? Which problem(s) fit best with the
prevention resources at hand?
• Determine the standards and values held within your community – For example: Is it acceptable in your
community for a percentage of high school students to drink alcohol regularly as long as that percentage is lower
than the overall state rate?
Use these data for planning.
• Substance use and antisocial behavior data – raise awareness about the problems and promote dialogue.
• Risk and protective factor data – identify exactly where the community needs to take action.
Promising approaches – access resources listed on the last page of this report for ideas about programs that
have been proven effective in addressing the risk factors that are high in your community, and improving the
protective factors that are low.
School and Community Improvement Using Survey Data
8th grd Fav. Attitude to
Drugs (Peer/Indiv. Scale)
@ 15% (8% > national av.)
10th grd - Rewards for
prosocial involvm. (School Domain)
40% (down 5% from 2 yrs
ago & 16% below state av.)
8th grd Binge Drinking@13%
(5% above state av.)
12th grd - Drunk/High at School
@ 21%
( about same as state,
but remains a priority.)
30-day
Substance
Abuse
Risk
Factors
Protective
Factors
Antisocial
Behavior
Sample Priority Rate 1 Priority Rate 2 Priority Rate 3
10
Gambling
**(National Comparison data for Bought a raffle ticket are not available.
Played Slots/
Video Poker
Played the Lottery
Bet on Sports
Bet on Cards
Bought Raffle
Ticket*
Played Bingo
Gambled on the
lnternet
Bet on Dice
Bet on Games
of Skill
Bet on a horse/
other race?
Any Gambling
Past Year
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
State 2008 State 2010 State 2012 BH Norm 2012
GAMBLING
2012 State of Arizona, Grade 8
Gambling Behavior Past Year
11
Gambling
**(National Comparison data for Bought a raffle ticket are not available.
Played Slots/
Video Poker
Played the Lottery
Bet on Sports
Bet on Cards
Bought Raffle
Ticket*
Played Bingo
Gambled on the
lnternet
Bet on Dice
Bet on Games
of Skill
Bet on a horse/
other race?
Any Gambling
Past Year
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
State 2008 State 2010 State 2012 BH Norm 2012
GAMBLING
2012 State of Arizona, Grade 10
Gambling Behavior Past Year
12
Gambling
**(National Comparison data for Bought a raffle ticket are not available.
Played Slots/
Video Poker
Played the Lottery
Bet on Sports
Bet on Cards
Bought Raffle
Ticket*
Played Bingo
Gambled on the
lnternet
Bet on Dice
Bet on Games
of Skill
Bet on a horse/
other race?
Any Gambling
Past Year
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
State 2008 State 2010 State 2012 BH Norm 2012
GAMBLING
2012 State of Arizona, Grade 12
Gambling Behavior Past Year
13
Gambling
**(National Comparison data for Bought a raffle ticket are not available.
Played Slots/
Video Poker
Played the Lottery
Bet on Sports
Bet on Cards
Bought Raffle
Ticket*
Played Bingo
Gambled on the
lnternet
Bet on Dice
Bet on Games
of Skill
Bet on a horse/
other race?
Any Gambling
Past Year
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
State 2008 State 2010 State 2012 BH Norm 2012
GAMBLING
2012 State of Arizona, All Students Surveyed
Gambling Behavior Past Year
14
Alcohol
Cigarettes
Chewing Tobacco
Marijuana
Hallucinogens
Cocaine
Inhalants
Methamphetamines
Heroin
Ecstasy
Other Club Drugs
Steroids
Prescription Pain Relievers*
Prescription Stimulants
Prescription Sedatives*
Prescription Drugs*
Over-the-Counter Drugs*
Synthetic Drugs*
Alcohol
Cigarettes
Chewing Tobacco
Marijuana
Hallucinogens
Cocaine
Inhalants
Methamphetamines
Heroin
Ecstasy
Other Club Drugs
Steroids
Prescription Pain Relievers*
Prescription Stimulants
Prescription Sedatives*
Prescription Drugs*
Over-the-Counter Drugs*
Synthetic Drugs*
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
Non-Gamblers Infrequent Gamblers Frequent Gamblers State 2012 MTF 2011
LIFETIME & 30-DAY ATOD USE
2012 Youth Gambling, Grade 8
Lifetime Use 30-Day Use
Substance Use
**( No equivalent category for these substances in the Monitoring the Future survey. In the case of Prescription Pain Relievers, MTF does not have reliable data for grades 8 and 10.
15
**( No equivalent category for these substances in the Monitoring the Future survey. In the case of Prescription Pain Relievers, MTF does not have reliable data for grades 8 and 10.
Substance Use
Alcohol
Cigarettes
Chewing Tobacco
Marijuana
Hallucinogens
Cocaine
Inhalants
Methamphetamines
Heroin
Ecstasy
Other Club Drugs
Steroids
Prescription Pain Relievers*
Prescription Stimulants
Prescription Sedatives*
Prescription Drugs*
Over-the-Counter Drugs*
Synthetic Drugs*
Alcohol
Cigarettes
Chewing Tobacco
Marijuana
Hallucinogens
Cocaine
Inhalants
Methamphetamines
Heroin
Ecstasy
Other Club Drugs
Steroids
Prescription Pain Relievers*
Prescription Stimulants
Prescription Sedatives*
Prescription Drugs*
Over-the-Counter Drugs*
Synthetic Drugs*
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
Non-Gamblers Infrequent Gamblers Frequent Gamblers State 2012 MTF 2011
LIFETIME & 30-DAY ATOD USE
2012 Youth Gambling, Grade 10
Lifetime Use 30-Day Use
16
**( No equivalent category for these substances in the Monitoring the Future survey. In the case of Prescription Pain Relievers, MTF does not have reliable data for grades 8 and 10.
Substance Use
Alcohol
Cigarettes
Chewing Tobacco
Marijuana
Hallucinogens
Cocaine
Inhalants
Methamphetamines
Heroin
Ecstasy
Other Club Drugs
Steroids
Prescription Pain Relievers*
Prescription Stimulants
Prescription Sedatives*
Prescription Drugs*
Over-the-Counter Drugs*
Synthetic Drugs*
Alcohol
Cigarettes
Chewing Tobacco
Marijuana
Hallucinogens
Cocaine
Inhalants
Methamphetamines
Heroin
Ecstasy
Other Club Drugs
Steroids
Prescription Pain Relievers*
Prescription Stimulants
Prescription Sedatives*
Prescription Drugs*
Over-the-Counter Drugs*
Synthetic Drugs*
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
Non-Gamblers Infrequent Gamblers Frequent Gamblers State 2012 MTF 2011
LIFETIME & 30-DAY ATOD USE
2012 Youth Gambling, Grade 12
Lifetime Use 30-Day Use
17
Alcohol
Cigarettes
Chewing Tobacco
Marijuana
Hallucinogens
Cocaine
Inhalants
Methamphetamines
Heroin
Ecstasy
Other Club Drugs
Steroids
Prescription Pain Relievers*
Prescription Stimulants
Prescription Sedatives*
Prescription Drugs*
Over-the-Counter Drugs*
Synthetic Drugs*
Alcohol
Cigarettes
Chewing Tobacco
Marijuana
Hallucinogens
Cocaine
Inhalants
Methamphetamines
Heroin
Ecstasy
Other Club Drugs
Steroids
Prescription Pain Relievers*
Prescription Stimulants
Prescription Sedatives*
Prescription Drugs*
Over-the-Counter Drugs*
Synthetic Drugs*
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
Non-Gamblers Infrequent Gamblers Frequent Gamblers State 2012 MTF 2011
LIFETIME & 30-DAY ATOD USE
2012 Youth Gambling, All Students Surveyed
Lifetime Use 30-Day Use
Substance Use
**( No equivalent category for these substances in the Monitoring the Future survey. In the case of Prescription Pain Relievers, MTF does not have reliable data for grades 8 and 10.
18
**(National Comparison data for Binge Drinking category are Monitoring the Future values.
**(National Comparison data for Drinking & Driving and Antisocial Behavior category are Bach Harrison Norm values.
Heavy Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior
5 or more alcoholic
drinks in a row in
the past 2 weeks?
DRIVE a car when
you had been
drinking alcohol?
RIDE in a car
driven by someone
drinking alcohol?
Drunk or High
at School
Suspended
from School
Sold Illegal Drugs
Stolen or Tried to
Steal a Motor Vehicle
Been Arrested
Attacked Someone
w/ Idea of Seriously
Hurting Them
Carried a Handgun
Carried a Handgun
to School
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State 2012 MTF 2011*/BH Norm 2012**
BINGE DRINKING, DRINKING & DRIVING, & ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR
2012 Youth Gambling, Grade 8
Antisocial Behavior Past Year**
Binge
Drinking* Drinking & Driving**
19
**(National Comparison data for Binge Drinking category are Monitoring the Future values.
**(National Comparison data for Drinking & Driving and Antisocial Behavior category are Bach Harrison Norm values.
Heavy Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior
5 or more alcoholic
drinks in a row in
the past 2 weeks?
DRIVE a car when
you had been
drinking alcohol?
RIDE in a car
driven by someone
drinking alcohol?
Drunk or High
at School
Suspended
from School
Sold Illegal Drugs
Stolen or Tried to
Steal a Motor Vehicle
Been Arrested
Attacked Someone
w/ Idea of Seriously
Hurting Them
Carried a Handgun
Carried a Handgun
to School
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State 2012 MTF 2011*/BH Norm 2012**
BINGE DRINKING, DRINKING & DRIVING, & ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR
2012 Youth Gambling, Grade 10
Antisocial Behavior Past Year**
Binge
Drinking* Drinking & Driving**
20
**(National Comparison data for Binge Drinking category are Monitoring the Future values.
**(National Comparison data for Drinking & Driving and Antisocial Behavior category are Bach Harrison Norm values.
Heavy Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior
5 or more alcoholic
drinks in a row in
the past 2 weeks?
DRIVE a car when
you had been
drinking alcohol?
RIDE in a car
driven by someone
drinking alcohol?
Drunk or High
at School
Suspended
from School
Sold Illegal Drugs
Stolen or Tried to
Steal a Motor Vehicle
Been Arrested
Attacked Someone
w/ Idea of Seriously
Hurting Them
Carried a Handgun
Carried a Handgun
to School
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State 2012 MTF 2011*/BH Norm 2012**
BINGE DRINKING, DRINKING & DRIVING, & ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR
2012 Youth Gambling, Grade 12
Antisocial Behavior Past Year**
Binge
Drinking* Drinking & Driving**
21
**(National Comparison data for Binge Drinking category are Monitoring the Future values.
**(National Comparison data for Drinking & Driving and Antisocial Behavior category are Bach Harrison Norm values.
Heavy Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior
5 or more alcoholic
drinks in a row in
the past 2 weeks?
DRIVE a car when
you had been
drinking alcohol?
RIDE in a car
driven by someone
drinking alcohol?
Drunk or High
at School
Suspended
from School
Sold Illegal Drugs
Stolen or Tried to
Steal a Motor Vehicle
Been Arrested
Attacked Someone
w/ Idea of Seriously
Hurting Them
Carried a Handgun
Carried a Handgun
to School
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State 2012 MTF 2011*/BH Norm 2012**
BINGE DRINKING, DRINKING & DRIVING, & ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR
2012 Youth Gambling, All Students Surveyed
Antisocial Behavior Past Year**
Binge
Drinking* Drinking & Driving**
22
Risk and Protective Factor Profiles
**(High Risk youth are defined as the percentage of students who have more than a specified number of risk factors operating in their lives (8th grade: 8 or more risk factors, 10th &12th grades: 9 or more
risk factors).
Low Neighborhood
Attachment
Laws & Norms
Favorable to Drug Use
Perceived Availability
of Drugs
Perceived Availability
of Handguns
Poor Family
Management
Family Conflict
Family History
of Antisocial Behavior
Parental Attitudes
Favorable to ASB
Parental Attitudes
Favorable to Drug Use
Academic Failure
Low Commitment
to School
Rebelliousness
Early Initiation
of Antisocial Behavior
Early Initiation
of Drug Use
Attitudes Favorable
to Antisocial Behavior
Attitudes Favorable
to Drug Use
Perceived Risk
of Drug Use
Interaction with
Antisocial Peers
Friend's Use of Drugs
Rewards for
Antisocial Behavior
Gang Involvement
Students at High Risk*
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%) of youth at risk
Non-Gamblers Infrequent Gamblers Frequent Gamblers State 2012 BH Norm 2012
RISK PROFILE
2012 Youth Gambling, Grade 8
Community Family School Peer/Individual Total
23
Risk and Protective Factor Profiles
**(High Protection youth are defined as the percentage of students who have four or more protective factors operating in their lives.
Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement
Family Attachment
Opportunities
for Prosocial
Involvement
Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement
Opportunities
for Prosocial
Involvement
Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement
Belief in the
Moral Order
Interaction with
Prosocial Peers
Prosocial
Involvement
Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement
Students with
High Protection*
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%) of youth with protection
Non-Gamblers Infrequent Gamblers Frequent Gamblers State 2012 BH Norm 2012
PROTECTIVE PROFILE
2012 Youth Gambling, Grade 8
Community Family School Peer/Individual Total
24
Risk and Protective Factor Profiles
**(High Risk youth are defined as the percentage of students who have more than a specified number of risk factors operating in their lives (8th grade: 8 or more risk factors, 10th &12th grades: 9 or more
risk factors).
Low Neighborhood
Attachment
Laws & Norms
Favorable to Drug Use
Perceived Availability
of Drugs
Perceived Availability
of Handguns
Poor Family
Management
Family Conflict
Family History
of Antisocial Behavior
Parental Attitudes
Favorable to ASB
Parental Attitudes
Favorable to Drug Use
Academic Failure
Low Commitment
to School
Rebelliousness
Early Initiation
of Antisocial Behavior
Early Initiation
of Drug Use
Attitudes Favorable
to Antisocial Behavior
Attitudes Favorable
to Drug Use
Perceived Risk
of Drug Use
Interaction with
Antisocial Peers
Friend's Use of Drugs
Rewards for
Antisocial Behavior
Gang Involvement
Students at High Risk*
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%) of youth at risk
Non-Gamblers Infrequent Gamblers Frequent Gamblers State 2012 BH Norm 2012
RISK PROFILE
2012 Youth Gambling, Grade 10
Community Family School Peer/Individual Total
25
Risk and Protective Factor Profiles
**(High Protection youth are defined as the percentage of students who have four or more protective factors operating in their lives.
Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement
Family Attachment
Opportunities
for Prosocial
Involvement
Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement
Opportunities
for Prosocial
Involvement
Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement
Belief in the
Moral Order
Interaction with
Prosocial Peers
Prosocial
Involvement
Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement
Students with
High Protection*
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%) of youth with protection
Non-Gamblers Infrequent Gamblers Frequent Gamblers State 2012 BH Norm 2012
PROTECTIVE PROFILE
2012 Youth Gambling, Grade 10
Community Family School Peer/Individual Total
26
Risk and Protective Factor Profiles
**(High Risk youth are defined as the percentage of students who have more than a specified number of risk factors operating in their lives (8th grade: 8 or more risk factors, 10th &12th grades: 9 or more
risk factors).
Low Neighborhood
Attachment
Laws & Norms
Favorable to Drug Use
Perceived Availability
of Drugs
Perceived Availability
of Handguns
Poor Family
Management
Family Conflict
Family History
of Antisocial Behavior
Parental Attitudes
Favorable to ASB
Parental Attitudes
Favorable to Drug Use
Academic Failure
Low Commitment
to School
Rebelliousness
Early Initiation
of Antisocial Behavior
Early Initiation
of Drug Use
Attitudes Favorable
to Antisocial Behavior
Attitudes Favorable
to Drug Use
Perceived Risk
of Drug Use
Interaction with
Antisocial Peers
Friend's Use of Drugs
Rewards for
Antisocial Behavior
Gang Involvement
Students at High Risk*
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%) of youth at risk
Non-Gamblers Infrequent Gamblers Frequent Gamblers State 2012 BH Norm 2012
RISK PROFILE
2012 Youth Gambling, Grade 12
Community Family School Peer/Individual Total
27
Risk and Protective Factor Profiles
**(High Protection youth are defined as the percentage of students who have four or more protective factors operating in their lives.
Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement
Family Attachment
Opportunities
for Prosocial
Involvement
Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement
Opportunities
for Prosocial
Involvement
Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement
Belief in the
Moral Order
Interaction with
Prosocial Peers
Prosocial
Involvement
Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement
Students with
High Protection*
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%) of youth with protection
Non-Gamblers Infrequent Gamblers Frequent Gamblers State 2012 BH Norm 2012
PROTECTIVE PROFILE
2012 Youth Gambling, Grade 12
Community Family School Peer/Individual Total
28
**(High Risk youth are defined as the percentage of students who have more than a specified number of risk factors operating in their lives (8th grade: 8 or more risk factors, 10th &12th grades: 9 or more
risk factors).
Low Neighborhood
Attachment
Laws & Norms
Favorable to Drug Use
Perceived Availability
of Drugs
Perceived Availability
of Handguns
Poor Family
Management
Family Conflict
Family History
of Antisocial Behavior
Parental Attitudes
Favorable to ASB
Parental Attitudes
Favorable to Drug Use
Academic Failure
Low Commitment
to School
Rebelliousness
Early Initiation
of Antisocial Behavior
Early Initiation
of Drug Use
Attitudes Favorable
to Antisocial Behavior
Attitudes Favorable
to Drug Use
Perceived Risk
of Drug Use
Interaction with
Antisocial Peers
Friend's Use of Drugs
Rewards for
Antisocial Behavior
Gang Involvement
Students at High Risk*
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%) of youth at risk
Non-Gamblers Infrequent Gamblers Frequent Gamblers State 2012 BH Norm 2012
RISK PROFILE
2012 Youth Gambling, All Students Surveyed
Community Family School Peer/Individual Total
SRoisukr caensd oPfr Aotlceocthivoel Factor Profiles
29
Risk and Protective Factor Profiles
**(High Protection youth are defined as the percentage of students who have four or more protective factors operating in their lives.
Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement
Family Attachment
Opportunities
for Prosocial
Involvement
Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement
Opportunities
for Prosocial
Involvement
Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement
Belief in the
Moral Order
Interaction with
Prosocial Peers
Prosocial
Involvement
Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement
Students with
High Protection*
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%) of youth with protection
Non-Gamblers Infrequent Gamblers Frequent Gamblers State 2012 BH Norm 2012
PROTECTIVE PROFILE
2012 Youth Gambling, All Students Surveyed
Community Family School Peer/Individual Total
30
**(Because not all surveys ask where youth obtained alcohol, no BH Norm value is reported.
**(Sample size represents the number of students who indicated at least one means of obtaining alcohol. Students indicating they did not drink alcohol in the past 30 days are not included in the sample.
**(In the case of smaller sample sizes, caution should be exercised before generalizing results to the entire community.
Sources of Alcohol
Bought it in a store
Bought it at a
restaurant, bar
or club
Bought it at a
public event
Gave someone
else money to
buy it
Parent or guardian
Another family
member, 21+
Someone not
related, 21+
Someone under
21 years
Got at a party
Took it from home
Store or someone
else's home
Got it some
other way
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
Non-Gamblers
Sample: 507 Students**
Infrequent Gamblers
Sample: 1,323 Students**
Frequent Gamblers
Sample: 1,882 Students**
State 2012
Sample: 3,700 Students**
WHERE YOUTH OBTAINED ALCOHOL*
2012 Youth Gambling, Grade 8
Sources of Obtaining Alcohol in the Past Year
31
**(Because not all surveys ask where youth obtained alcohol, no BH Norm value is reported.
**(Sample size represents the number of students who indicated at least one means of obtaining alcohol. Students indicating they did not drink alcohol in the past 30 days are not included in the sample.
**(In the case of smaller sample sizes, caution should be exercised before generalizing results to the entire community.
Sources of Alcohol
Bought it in a store
Bought it at a
restaurant, bar
or club
Bought it at a
public event
Gave someone
else money to
buy it
Parent or guardian
Another family
member, 21+
Someone not
related, 21+
Someone under
21 years
Got at a party
Took it from home
Store or someone
else's home
Got it some
other way
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
Non-Gamblers
Sample: 995 Students**
Infrequent Gamblers
Sample: 2,188 Students**
Frequent Gamblers
Sample: 1,817 Students**
State 2012
Sample: 5,007 Students**
WHERE YOUTH OBTAINED ALCOHOL*
2012 Youth Gambling, Grade 10
Sources of Obtaining Alcohol in the Past Year
32
Sources of Alcohol
Bought it in a store
Bought it at a
restaurant, bar
or club
Bought it at a
public event
Gave someone
else money to
buy it
Parent or guardian
Another family
member, 21+
Someone not
related, 21+
Someone under
21 years
Got at a party
Took it from home
Store or someone
else's home
Got it some
other way
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
Non-Gamblers
Sample: 1,383 Students**
Infrequent Gamblers
Sample: 2,534 Students**
Frequent Gamblers
Sample: 1,730 Students**
State 2012
Sample: 5,656 Students**
WHERE YOUTH OBTAINED ALCOHOL*
2012 Youth Gambling, Grade 12
Sources of Obtaining Alcohol in the Past Year
**(Because not all surveys ask where youth obtained alcohol, no BH Norm value is reported.
**(Sample size represents the number of students who indicated at least one means of obtaining alcohol. Students indicating they did not drink alcohol in the past 30 days are not included in the sample.
**(In the case of smaller sample sizes, caution should be exercised before generalizing results to the entire community.
33
**(Because not all surveys ask where youth obtained alcohol, no BH Norm value is reported.
**(Sample size represents the number of students who indicated at least one means of obtaining alcohol. Students indicating they did not drink alcohol in the past 30 days are not included in the sample.
**(In the case of smaller sample sizes, caution should be exercised before generalizing results to the entire community.
Sources of Alcohol
Bought it in a store
Bought it at a
restaurant, bar
or club
Bought it at a
public event
Gave someone
else money to
buy it
Parent or guardian
Another family
member, 21+
Someone not
related, 21+
Someone under
21 years
Got at a party
Took it from home
Store or someone
else's home
Got it some
other way
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
Non-Gamblers
Sample: 2,885 Students**
Infrequent Gamblers
Sample: 6,045 Students**
Frequent Gamblers
Sample: 5,429 Students**
State 2012
Sample: 14,363 Students**
WHERE YOUTH OBTAINED ALCOHOL*
2012 Youth Gambling, All Students Surveyed
Sources of Obtaining Alcohol in the Past Year
34
**(Sample size represents the number of students who indicated at least one means of obtaining marijuana/prescription drugs. Students indicating they did not use marijuana in the past 30 days or have not
used prescription drugs to get high are not included in their respective sample sizes. In the case of smaller sample sizes, caution should be exercised before generalizing results to the entire community.
Sources of Marijuana and Prescription Drugs
From someone
with a Medical
Marijuana Card
Friends
Family/
Relatives
Parties
Home
School
Other
Friends
Family/
Relatives
Parties
Home
(e.g., Medicine
Cabinet)
Doctor/
Pharmacy
School
Other
Over the
Internet
Outside the U.S.
(e.g., Mexico,
Canada)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
Non-Gamblers
Sample size (Marijuana): 473 Students
Sample size (Rx): 260 Students*
Infrequent Gamblers
Sample size (Marijuana): 1,061 Students
Sample size (Rx): 557 Students*
Frequent Gamblers
Sample size (Marijuana): 1,495 Students
Sample size (Rx): 825 Students*
State 2012
Sample size (Marijuana): 3,000 Students
Sample size (Rx): 1,637 Students*
WHERE YOUTH OBTAINED MARIJUANA & PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
2012 Youth Gambling, Grade 8
Sources of Obtaining Marijuana in the Past 30 Days Sources of Obtaining Prescription Drugs
35
**(Sample size represents the number of students who indicated at least one means of obtaining marijuana/prescription drugs. Students indicating they did not use marijuana in the past 30 days or have not
used prescription drugs to get high are not included in their respective sample sizes. In the case of smaller sample sizes, caution should be exercised before generalizing results to the entire community.
Sources of Marijuana and Prescription Drugs
From someone
with a Medical
Marijuana Card
Friends
Family/
Relatives
Parties
Home
School
Other
Friends
Family/
Relatives
Parties
Home
(e.g., Medicine
Cabinet)
Doctor/
Pharmacy
School
Other
Over the
Internet
Outside the U.S.
(e.g., Mexico,
Canada)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
Non-Gamblers
Sample size (Marijuana): 853 Students
Sample size (Rx): 471 Students*
Infrequent Gamblers
Sample size (Marijuana): 1,578 Students
Sample size (Rx): 976 Students*
Frequent Gamblers
Sample size (Marijuana): 1,467 Students
Sample size (Rx): 866 Students*
State 2012
Sample size (Marijuana): 3,911 Students
Sample size (Rx): 2,321 Students*
WHERE YOUTH OBTAINED MARIJUANA & PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
2012 Youth Gambling, Grade 10
Sources of Obtaining Marijuana in the Past 30 Days Sources of Obtaining Prescription Drugs
36
**(Sample size represents the number of students who indicated at least one means of obtaining marijuana/prescription drugs. Students indicating they did not use marijuana in the past 30 days or have not
used prescription drugs to get high are not included in their respective sample sizes. In the case of smaller sample sizes, caution should be exercised before generalizing results to the entire community.
Sources of Marijuana and Prescription Drugs
From someone
with a Medical
Marijuana Card
Friends
Family/
Relatives
Parties
Home
School
Other
Friends
Family/
Relatives
Parties
Home
(e.g., Medicine
Cabinet)
Doctor/
Pharmacy
School
Other
Over the
Internet
Outside the U.S.
(e.g., Mexico,
Canada)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
Non-Gamblers
Sample size (Marijuana): 946 Students
Sample size (Rx): 592 Students*
Infrequent Gamblers
Sample size (Marijuana): 1,595 Students
Sample size (Rx): 1,080 Students*
Frequent Gamblers
Sample size (Marijuana): 1,205 Students
Sample size (Rx): 800 Students*
State 2012
Sample size (Marijuana): 3,747 Students
Sample size (Rx): 2,478 Students*
WHERE YOUTH OBTAINED MARIJUANA & PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
2012 Youth Gambling, Grade 12
Sources of Obtaining Marijuana in the Past 30 Days Sources of Obtaining Prescription Drugs
37
**(Sample size represents the number of students who indicated at least one means of obtaining marijuana/prescription drugs. Students indicating they did not use marijuana in the past 30 days or have not
used prescription drugs to get high are not included in their respective sample sizes. In the case of smaller sample sizes, caution should be exercised before generalizing results to the entire community.
Sources of Marijuana and Prescription Drugs
From someone
with a Medical
Marijuana Card
Friends
Family/
Relatives
Parties
Home
School
Other
Friends
Family/
Relatives
Parties
Home
(e.g., Medicine
Cabinet)
Doctor/
Pharmacy
School
Other
Over the
Internet
Outside the U.S.
(e.g., Mexico,
Canada)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
Non-Gamblers
Sample size (Marijuana): 2,272 Students
Sample size (Rx): 1,323 Students*
Infrequent Gamblers
Sample size (Marijuana): 4,234 Students
Sample size (Rx): 2,613 Students*
Frequent Gamblers
Sample size (Marijuana): 4,167 Students
Sample size (Rx): 2,491 Students*
State 2012
Sample size (Marijuana): 10,658 Students
Sample size (Rx): 6,436 Students*
WHERE YOUTH OBTAINED MARIJUANA & PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
2012 Youth Gambling, All Students Surveyed
Sources of Obtaining Marijuana in the Past 30 Days Sources of Obtaining Prescription Drugs
38
School Safety
Felt Unsafe
at School
Carried a Weapon
on School Property
Threatened or
Injured on
School Property
In a Physical
Fight on
School Property
Picked On or
Bullied on
School Property
Harassed or
Mistreated On-Line
or Electronically
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
Non-Gamblers Infrequent Gamblers Frequent Gamblers State 2012
SCHOOL SAFETY & CYBER-BULLYING
2012 Youth Gambling, Grade 8
Percentage of Students Reporting Any Experience with the Indicated Safety Issue in the Past Year
39
School Safety
Felt Unsafe
at School
Carried a Weapon
on School Property
Threatened or
Injured on
School Property
In a Physical
Fight on
School Property
Picked On or
Bullied on
School Property
Harassed or
Mistreated On-Line
or Electronically
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
Non-Gamblers Infrequent Gamblers Frequent Gamblers State 2012
SCHOOL SAFETY & CYBER-BULLYING
2012 Youth Gambling, Grade 10
Percentage of Students Reporting Any Experience with the Indicated Safety Issue in the Past Year
40
School Safety
Felt Unsafe
at School
Carried a Weapon
on School Property
Threatened or
Injured on
School Property
In a Physical
Fight on
School Property
Picked On or
Bullied on
School Property
Harassed or
Mistreated On-Line
or Electronically
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
Non-Gamblers Infrequent Gamblers Frequent Gamblers State 2012
SCHOOL SAFETY & CYBER-BULLYING
2012 Youth Gambling, Grade 12
Percentage of Students Reporting Any Experience with the Indicated Safety Issue in the Past Year
41
School Safety
Felt Unsafe
at School
Carried a Weapon
on School Property
Threatened or
Injured on
School Property
In a Physical
Fight on
School Property
Picked On or
Bullied on
School Property
Harassed or
Mistreated On-Line
or Electronically
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%)
Non-Gamblers Infrequent Gamblers Frequent Gamblers State 2012
SCHOOL SAFETY & CYBER-BULLYING
2012 Youth Gambling, All Students Surveyed
Percentage of Students Reporting Any Experience with the Indicated Safety Issue in the Past Year
42
1 Low Neighborhood Attachment Research has shown that youth who don't like the neighborhoods in which they live are more likely to become
involved in juvenile crime and drug selling.
1 Laws and Norms Favorable
Toward Drug Use
Research has shown that legal restrictions on alcohol and tobacco use, such as raising the legal drinking age, restricting
smoking in public places, and increased taxation have been followed by decreases in consumption. Moreover, national
surveys of high school seniors have shown that shifts in normative attitudes toward drug use have preceded changes in
prevalence of use.
1 Perceived Availability of Drugs
and Handguns
The availability of cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, and other illegal drugs has been related to the use of these substances
by adolescents. The availability of handguns is also related to a higher risk of crime and substance use by adolescents.
1 Rewards for Prosocial
Involvement
Rewards for positive participation in activities helps youth bond to the community, thus lowering their risk for
substance use.
1 Poor Family Management Parents’ use of inconsistent and/or unusually harsh or severe punishment with their children places them at higher risk
for substance use and other problem behaviors. Also, parents’ failure to provide clear expectations and to monitor their
children’s behavior makes it more likely that they will engage in drug abuse whether or not there are family drug
problems.
1 Family Conflict Children raised in families high in conflict, whether or not the child is directly involved in the conflict, appear at risk
for both delinquency and drug use.
1 Family History of Antisocial
Behavior
When children are raised in a family with a history of problem behaviors (e.g., violence or ATOD use), the children are
more likely to engage in these behaviors.
1 Parental Attitudes Favorable
Toward Antisocial Behavior &
Drugs
In families where parents use illegal drugs, are heavy users of alcohol, or are tolerant of children’s use, children are
more likely to become drug abusers during adolescence. The risk is further increased if parents involve children in
their own drug (or alcohol) using behavior, for example, asking the child to light the parent’s cigarette or get the parent
a beer from the refrigerator.
1 Family Attachment Young people who feel that they are a valued part of their family are less likely to engage in substance use and other
problem behaviors.
1 Opportunities for Prosocial
Involvement
Young people who are exposed to more opportunities to participate meaningfully in the responsibilities and activities
of the family are less likely to engage in drug use and other problem behaviors.
1 Rewards for Prosocial
Involvement
When parents, siblings, and other family members praise, encourage, and attend to things done well by their child,
children are less likely to engage in substance use and problem behaviors.
1 Academic Failure Beginning in the late elementary grades (grades 4-6) academic failure increases the risk of both drug abuse and
delinquency. It appears that the experience of failure itself, for whatever reasons, increases the risk of problem
behaviors.
1 Low Commitment to School Surveys of high school seniors have shown that the use of drugs is significantly lower among students who expect to
attend college than among those who do not. Factors such as liking school, spending time on homework, and
perceiving the coursework as relevant are also negatively related to drug use.
Table 3. Scales that Measure the Risk and Protective Factors Shown in the Profiles
Community Domain Risk Factors
Community Domain Protective Factors
Family Domain Risk Factors
Family Domain Protective Factors
School Domain Risk Factors
Risk and Protective Scale Definitions
43
Risk and Protective Scale Definitions
1 Opportunities for Prosocial
Involvement
When young people are given more opportunities to participate meaningfully in important activities at school, they are
less likely to engage in drug use and other problem behaviors.
1 Rewards for Prosocial
Involvement
When young people are recognized and rewarded for their contributions at school, they are less likely to be involved in
substance use and other problem behaviors.
1 Rebelliousness Young people who do not feel part of society, are not bound by rules, don’t believe in trying to be successful or
responsible, or who take an active rebellious stance toward society, are at higher risk of abusing drugs. In addition,
high tolerance for deviance, a strong need for independence and normlessness have all been linked with drug use.
1 Early Initiation of Antisocial
Behavior and Drug Use
Early onset of drug use predicts misuse of drugs. The earlier the onset of any drug use, the greater the involvement in
other drug use and the greater frequency of use. Onset of drug use prior to the age of 15 is a consistent predictor of
drug abuse, and a later age of onset of drug use has been shown to predict lower drug involvement and a greater
probability of discontinuation of use.
1 Attitudes Favorable Toward
Antisocial Behavior and Drug Use
During the elementary school years, most children express anti-drug, anti-crime, and pro-social attitudes and have
difficulty imagining why people use drugs or engage in antisocial behaviors. However, in middle school, as more youth
are exposed to others who use drugs and engage in antisocial behavior, their attitudes often shift toward greater
acceptance of these behaviors. Youth who express positive attitudes toward drug use and antisocial behavior are more
likely to engage in a variety of problem behaviors, including drug use.
1 Perceived Risk of Drug Use Young people who do not perceive drug use to be risky are far more likely to engage in drug use.
1 Interaction with Antisocial Peers Young people who associate with peers who engage in problem behaviors are at higher risk for engaging in antisocial
behavior themselves.
1 Friends' Use of Drugs Young people who associate with peers who engage in alcohol or substance abuse are much more likely to engage in
the same behavior. Peer drug use has consistently been found to be among the strongest predictors of substance use
among youth. Even when young people come from well-managed families and do not experience other risk factors,
spending time with friends who use drugs greatly increases the risk of that problem developing.
1 Rewards for Antisocial Behavior Young people who receive rewards for their antisocial behavior are at higher risk for engaging further in antisocial
behavior and substance use.
1 Gang Involvement Youth who belong to gangs are more at risk for antisocial behavior and drug use.
1 Belief in the Moral Order Young people who have a belief in what is “right” or “wrong” are less likely to use drugs.
1 Interaction with Prosocial Peers Young people who associate with peers who engage in prosocial behavior are more protected from engaging in
antisocial behavior and substance use.
1 Prosocial Involvement Participation in positive school and community activities helps provide protection for youth.
1 Rewards for Prosocial
Involvement
Young people who are rewarded for working hard in school and the community are less likely to engage in problem
behavior.
School Domain Protective Factors
Peer-Individual Protective Factors
Peer-Individual Risk Factors
Table 3. Scales that Measure the Risk and Protective Factors Shown in the Profiles
44
Data Tables
Table 4. Percentage of Students Gambling in the Past Year
State
2008
State
2010
State
2012
BH Norm
2012
State
2008
State
2010
State
2012
BH Norm
2012
State
2008
State
2010
State
2012
BH Norm
2012
State
2008
State
2010
State
2012
BH Norm
2012
69.1 61.6 59.0 55.0 65.9 59.8 57.2 53.8 60.6 56.5 53.7 52.6 66.2 59.7 57.2 53.0
6.4 5.3 4.6 5.7 6.1 4.8 4.2 5.3 5.8 5.3 5.1 5.4 6.2 5.2 4.6 5.3
24.8 21.4 23.1 24.0 21.8 20.7 22.4 23.5 19.0 18.9 21.5 23.9 22.5 20.6 22.5 22.7
31.8 28.6 26.1 22.8 30.2 27.0 24.5 22.5 25.6 24.4 21.5 20.5 29.9 27.0 24.5 21.4
43.7 36.1 31.7 25.8 43.7 36.0 31.1 27.0 40.6 34.8 30.3 26.7 42.9 35.7 31.2 25.3
20.4 15.9 16.8 n/a 20.7 16.6 16.6 n/a 18.9 15.3 16.0 n/a 20.1 16.0 16.5 n/a
32.6 26.4 25.7 22.7 23.2 20.4 19.6 17.7 14.7 14.2 13.2 14.0 25.6 21.4 20.8 19.5
6.3 5.1 4.9 4.5 5.1 4.6 4.1 4.0 4.7 4.2 3.6 3.7 5.6 4.7 4.3 4.2
31.5 26.0 24.4 12.1 25.1 21.9 20.5 11.2 19.2 17.9 16.1 10.0 26.7 22.6 21.2 11.4
32.7 28.2 25.6 20.1 31.3 27.7 24.3 20.5 27.0 24.9 22.1 18.8 31.0 27.2 24.4 19.4
6.4 5.0 4.8 4.6 5.8 5.0 4.5 4.7 5.1 4.4 4.0 4.6 5.9 4.8 4.5 4.7
*
†
All Students Surveyed†
Any Gambling
Played a slot machine, poker machine
or other gambling machine?
Played the lottery or scratch-off tickets?
How often have you done the following for
money, possessions, or anything of value:
(At least once in the past 12 months)
Grade 8 Grade 10 Grade 12
Bet on sports?
Played a dice game?
Bet on a game of personal skill such as
pool or a video game?
Bet on a horse or other animal race?
Played cards?
Bought a raffle ticket?*
Played bingo?
Gambled on the Internet?
National Comparison data for Bought a raffle ticket are not available.
State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (e.g., 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised when comparing rates.
45
Data Tables
Table 5. Percentage of Students Who Used ATODs During Their Lifetime
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
MTF
2011
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
MTF
2011
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
MTF
2011
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Alcohol had alcoholic beverages (beer, wine or hard liquor)
to drink - more than just a few sips? 21.3 36.2 51.1 37.3 33.1 44.5 61.0 71.2 59.1 56.0 56.3 73.1 79.9 69.2 70.0 38.4 53.0 62.7 51.7
Cigarettes smoked cigarettes? 11.7 18.0 28.3 19.7 18.4 24.6 30.8 40.7 31.7 30.4 34.1 42.0 53.7 42.1 40.0 22.0 27.9 36.9 28.8
Chewing Tobacco used smokeless tobacco (chew, snuff, plug,
dipping tobacco, chewing tobacco)? 1.9 3.4 7.8 4.5 9.7 5.1 8.5 15.1 9.3 15.6 9.2 14.2 23.2 14.7 16.9 5.0 7.6 13.0 8.4
Marijuana used marijuana? 10.1 14.6 23.4 16.2 16.4 26.6 34.2 43.8 34.7 34.5 36.0 46.1 54.7 44.8 45.5 22.5 28.4 35.5 28.7
Hallucinogens used LSD or other hallucinogens? 0.9 1.3 2.9 1.7 3.3 3.4 4.6 7.9 5.2 6.0 6.0 7.6 12.9 8.4 8.3 3.1 3.9 6.4 4.4
Cocaine used cocaine or crack? 0.9 1.0 2.8 1.5 2.2 2.9 3.1 6.5 3.9 3.3 4.5 6.7 12.8 7.4 5.2 2.5 3.1 5.8 3.7
Inhalants
sniffed glue, breathed the contents of an aerosol
spray can, or inhaled other gases or sprays, in
order to get high?
5.0 10.8 17.5 11.4 13.1 5.2 9.8 13.1 9.4 10.1 4.4 7.6 11.1 7.4 8.1 4.9 9.7 15.0 9.8
Methamphetamines used methamphetamines (meth, crystal meth)? 0.4 0.3 1.1 0.6 1.3 1.0 1.2 2.4 1.5 2.1 1.3 1.5 3.2 1.8 2.1 0.8 0.9 1.9 1.2
Heroin used heroin? 0.3 0.5 1.3 0.7 1.2 0.9 1.1 2.3 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.6 3.1 1.8 1.4 0.7 0.9 1.9 1.2
Ecstasy used Ecstasy (‘X’, ‘E’, or MDMA)? 1.4 2.2 4.8 2.8 2.6 5.1 6.6 11.1 7.4 6.6 7.5 9.9 14.9 10.4 8.0 4.3 5.4 8.6 6.1
Other Club Drugs used other "club" drugs (such as Special K,
Roofies, GHB, or Rohypnol)? 0.9 1.3 3.3 1.9 n/a 1.4 2.0 4.5 2.5 n/a 1.8 2.8 5.1 3.1 n/a 1.3 1.9 4.0 2.4
Steroids used steroids or anabolic steroids (such as Anadrol,
Oxandrin, Durabolin, Equipoise or Depotesterone)? 0.6 1.3 2.4 1.5 1.2 0.8 1.4 3.5 1.8 1.4 0.7 1.6 3.7 1.9 1.8 0.7 1.4 3.0 1.7
Prescription Pain
Relievers*
used prescription pain relievers (such as Vicodin,
OxyContin, Percocet or Codeine) without a doctor
telling you to take them?
4.2 7.9 13.5 8.8 n/a 9.5 15.3 22.5 15.6 n/a 13.5 22.0 28.5 20.7 13.0 8.5 13.7 19.1 13.8
Prescription
Stimulants
used prescription stimulants (such as Ritalin,
Adderall, or Dexedrine) without a doctor telling
you to take them?
0.9 1.7 3.2 2.0 5.2 4.3 6.2 9.5 6.6 9.0 6.6 10.2 13.7 9.9 12.2 3.6 5.2 7.1 5.3
Prescription
Sedatives*
used prescription sedatives (tranquilizers, such as
Valium or Xanax, barbiturates, or sleeping pills)? 2.1 4.0 6.8 4.4 n/a 4.9 8.4 10.6 8.0 n/a 6.5 10.7 13.5 10.0 n/a 4.2 7.0 9.2 6.9
Prescription
Drugs*
combined results of prescription stimulant,
sedative and pain reliever questions
(see appendix for details)
5.2 10.2 16.9 11.1 n/a 11.7 18.9 26.3 18.8 n/a 15.8 25.3 32.6 23.9 n/a 10.2 16.6 22.7 16.6
Over-the-Counter
Drugs*
used over-the-counter drugs (such as cough
syrup, cold medicine, or diet pills) for the
purposes of getting high?
3.4 6.7 10.3 7.0 n/a 6.2 10.6 15.1 10.6 n/a 8.0 12.0 18.4 12.2 n/a 5.6 9.2 13.3 9.3
Synthetic Drugs*
used synthetic drugs (such as Bath Salts like Ivory
Wave or White Lighting or herbal incense products
like K2, Spice, or Gold)?
3.8 5.7 10.6 6.9 n/a 7.0 10.6 16.2 11.1 n/a 9.2 14.3 19.5 13.9 n/a 6.3 9.4 14.0 9.9
*
**
All Students Surveyed**
No equivalent category for these substances in the Monitoring the Future survey. In the case of Prescription Pain Relievers , MTF does not have reliable data for grades 8 and 10.
Grade 8 Grade 10 Grade 12
State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (e.g., 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised when comparing rates.
In your lifetime, on how many occasions
(if any) have you… (One or more occasions)
46
Data Tables
Table 6. Percentage of Students Who Used ATODs During the Past 30 Days
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
MTF
2011
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
MTF
2011
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
MTF
2011
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Alcohol had alcoholic beverages (beer, wine or hard liquor)
to drink - more than just a few sips? 9.0 14.4 27.0 17.1 12.7 22.2 30.9 44.1 32.1 27.2 32.5 44.6 56.3 43.5 40.0 19.8 26.9 37.8 28.1
Cigarettes smoked cigarettes? 4.7 6.4 12.1 7.8 6.1 10.8 12.4 19.8 14.0 11.8 15.9 19.7 30.9 21.0 18.7 9.8 11.5 18.1 12.9
Chewing Tobacco used smokeless tobacco (chew, snuff, plug,
dipping tobacco, chewing tobacco)? 1.0 1.5 3.8 2.1 3.5 2.1 3.1 7.2 3.9 6.6 4.2 5.3 12.1 6.6 8.3 2.2 2.9 6.4 3.8
Marijuana used marijuana? 4.7 6.7 11.6 7.7 7.2 13.1 16.6 24.4 17.7 17.6 17.3 22.3 30.3 22.5 22.6 10.9 13.6 19.1 14.3
Hallucinogens used LSD or other hallucinogens? 0.4 0.3 1.3 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.3 3.0 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.8 3.9 2.3 1.6 1.0 1.0 2.3 1.4
Cocaine used cocaine or crack? 0.2 0.4 1.1 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 2.3 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.8 3.9 2.1 1.1 0.6 0.8 2.0 1.1
Inhalants
sniffed glue, breathed the contents of an aerosol
spray can, or inhaled other gases or sprays, in
order to get high?
1.7 3.4 7.4 4.2 3.2 1.0 1.6 3.5 2.0 1.7 0.6 1.1 2.5 1.3 1.0 1.2 2.3 5.3 2.8
Methamphetamines used methamphetamines (meth, crystal meth)? 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.4
Heroin used heroin? 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.4
Ecstasy used Ecstasy (‘X’, ‘E’, or MDMA)? 0.4 0.6 1.5 0.9 0.6 1.0 1.2 3.2 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.6 3.5 2.0 2.3 0.8 1.0 2.4 1.4
Other Club Drugs used other "club" drugs (such as Special K,
Roofies, GHB, or Rohypnol)? 0.3 0.3 1.2 0.6 n/a 0.4 0.4 1.5 0.7 n/a 0.3 0.4 1.3 0.6 n/a 0.3 0.4 1.3 0.6
Steroids used steroids or anabolic steroids (such as Anadrol,
Oxandrin, Durabolin, Equipoise or Depotesterone)? 0.2 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.5 1.5 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.4 1.6 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.4 1.2 0.6
Prescription Pain
Relievers*
used prescription pain relievers (such as Vicodin,
OxyContin, Percocet or Codeine) without a doctor
telling you to take them?
2.1 3.8 7.3 4.5 n/a 4.3 6.1 12.5 7.3 n/a 4.6 7.5 13.3 7.9 3.6 3.5 5.4 10.0 6.2
Prescription
Stimulants
used prescription stimulants (such as Ritalin,
Adderall, or Dexedrine) without a doctor telling
you to take them?
0.4 0.7 1.4 0.9 1.8 1.8 2.2 4.6 2.7 3.1 1.6 2.8 5.3 3.0 3.7 1.2 1.7 3.1 2.0
Prescription
Sedatives*
used prescription sedatives (tranquilizers, such as
Valium or Xanax, barbiturates, or sleeping pills)? 1.1 1.3 3.3 1.9 n/a 1.9 3.1 5.2 3.3 n/a 1.9 3.0 5.4 3.2 n/a 1.5 2.3 4.2 2.7
Prescription
Drugs*
combined results of prescription stimulant,
sedative and pain reliever questions
(see appendix for details)
2.7 4.7 9.3 5.7 n/a 5.7 8.0 15.1 9.3 n/a 5.9 9.7 16.3 10.0 n/a 4.6 7.0 12.4 7.9
Over-the-Counter
Drugs*
used over-the-counter drugs (such as cough
syrup, cold medicine, or diet pills) for the
purposes of getting high?
1.8 3.6 6.4 4.0 n/a 2.5 4.5 8.1 4.9 n/a 2.6 3.6 8.2 4.3 n/a 2.2 3.9 7.2 4.4
Synthetic Drugs*
used synthetic drugs (such as Bath Salts like Ivory
Wave or White Lighting or herbal incense products
like K2, Spice, or Gold)?
2.2 2.9 6.1 3.8 n/a 3.5 4.3 7.7 5.0 n/a 3.2 4.7 8.5 5.2 n/a 2.9 3.8 7.1 4.5
*
**
In the past 30 days, on how many occasions
(if any) have you… (One or more occasions)
Grade 10 Grade 8 Grade 12 All Students Surveyed**
State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (e.g., 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised when comparing rates.
No equivalent category for these substances in the Monitoring the Future survey. In the case of Prescription Pain Relievers , MTF does not have reliable data for grades 8 and 10.
47
Data Tables
Table 7. Percentage of Students With Heavy ATOD Use
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
BH Norm
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
BH Norm
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
BH Norm
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
BH Norm
2012
1.7 2.7 7.1 3.9 4.2 3.6 4.9 10.6 6.1 7.4 8.2 11.9 19.8 12.5 16.6 4.1 5.7 10.7 6.7 7.7
12.1 22.2 36.1 24.1 24.9 15.4 23.5 35.7 24.5 26.3 17.7 25.8 38.1 26.0 27.5 14.7 23.5 36.4 24.7 25.0
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012 MTF 2011 Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012 MTF 2011 Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012 MTF 2011 Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012 MTF 2011
4.8 6.6 14.6 8.7 6.4 11.4 15.8 26.8 17.5 14.7 18.4 26.0 38.5 26.5 21.6 10.7 14.2 22.9 15.7 13.6
Table 8. Percentage of Students With Antisocial Behavior
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
BH Norm
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
BH Norm
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
BH Norm
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
BH Norm
2012
5.8 8.6 16.3 10.4 7.5 14.0 17.9 28.4 19.8 15.0 14.5 20.7 33.1 21.6 17.7 10.7 14.4 23.1 15.9 13.3
10.8 14.8 24.0 17.0 15.1 9.0 10.1 18.0 12.1 12.6 5.8 8.0 14.2 8.9 9.2 8.9 11.7 20.3 13.6 12.4
1.9 3.2 8.0 4.5 2.5 5.4 7.9 17.1 9.8 6.5 5.9 9.7 19.4 10.8 7.8 4.1 6.2 12.8 7.6 5.5
0.8 1.2 4.3 2.1 2.3 1.2 1.7 5.5 2.6 2.6 0.8 1.1 4.8 2.0 1.9 0.9 1.3 4.7 2.2 2.3
3.2 4.2 9.0 5.5 5.2 5.2 5.7 10.5 7.0 6.7 4.2 6.0 12.4 7.0 6.1 4.1 5.1 10.1 6.3 6.0
5.1 9.4 18.0 11.2 16.0 5.0 8.3 16.5 9.7 15.1 4.0 6.1 15.6 7.7 11.9 4.8 8.2 17.1 9.9 14.4
2.6 4.0 10.1 5.7 4.8 2.6 3.9 9.7 5.2 5.2 2.5 4.6 12.4 5.9 5.2 2.5 4.1 10.4 5.6 5.1
0.3 0.5 2.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.5 3.0 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.5 3.3 1.3 1.0 0.5 0.5 2.6 1.2 0.9
* State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (e.g., 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised when comparing rates.
Grade 12 All Students Surveyed*
Carried a Handgun to School
How many times in the past year
(12 months) have you:
(One or more times)
Grade 8 Grade 10
Stolen or Tried to Steal a Motor Vehicle
Attacked Someone with the Idea
of Seriously Hurting Them
Carried a Handgun
Sold Illegal Drugs
Drinking and Driving
RIDE in a car or other vehicle driven by
someone who had been drinking alcohol?
DRIVE a car or other vehicle when you had
been drinking alcohol?
During the past 30 days, how many
times did you: (One or more times)
How many times have you had 5 or more alcoholic
drinks in a row in the past 2 weeks?
(One or more times)
Grade 8 Grade 10 Grade 12 All Students Surveyed*
Binge Drinking
Been Arrested
Been Drunk or High at School
Been Suspended from School
Grade 8 Grade 10 Grade 12 All Students Surveyed*
48
Data Tables
Table 9. Percentage of Students Reporting Risk
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
BH Norm
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
BH Norm
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
BH Norm
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
BH Norm
2012
34.4 36.7 38.7 36.8 36.6 42.2 42.5 43.9 42.8 42.8 48.4 47.5 48.8 48.1 47.0 41.0 41.4 42.4 41.6 42.0
24.7 29.7 41.3 32.1 32.8 33.9 37.5 47.8 39.3 39.6 30.8 37.6 45.2 37.1 32.8 29.4 34.3 44.0 35.6 35.2
23.6 31.7 45.7 34.3 29.4 35.8 40.7 51.7 42.3 40.5 38.0 42.7 52.5 43.5 42.7 31.8 37.4 48.9 39.2 37.5
25.8 33.0 43.0 34.6 39.8 20.2 19.7 30.3 22.8 29.9 25.3 26.8 38.4 29.1 34.8 23.9 27.2 38.3 29.5 34.8
33.3 41.1 51.8 42.5 41.9 32.6 35.5 44.9 37.2 40.3 35.3 38.1 47.4 39.4 39.8 33.7 38.5 48.7 40.0 40.7
42.5 51.2 58.1 51.2 51.5 36.2 42.1 46.4 41.6 41.6 36.0 40.5 42.6 39.5 38.8 38.5 45.4 51.3 45.1 44.1
25.3 37.7 50.2 38.5 36.4 31.9 39.8 50.4 40.4 39.0 30.6 39.5 48.4 38.6 37.3 29.0 38.8 49.9 39.1 37.6
31.2 47.4 55.9 46.1 46.9 37.7 51.8 59.5 49.9 52.3 37.7 51.3 59.6 48.7 50.3 35.2 49.8 57.8 48.0 49.9
14.3 23.9 30.9 23.7 26.0 30.1 40.3 48.9 39.7 40.8 34.5 44.5 52.2 43.0 38.6 25.4 34.6 40.9 33.8 35.2
39.9 42.6 48.0 44.0 46.6 44.4 43.8 49.4 45.8 47.9 38.7 38.4 45.0 40.3 41.8 40.9 41.9 47.8 43.6 45.6
33.3 38.7 46.6 40.2 38.0 41.7 44.5 51.9 45.9 41.7 43.8 44.5 52.4 46.4 42.9 38.8 41.9 49.3 43.4 40.8
23.8 34.8 50.7 37.1 39.0 29.8 39.2 53.9 40.6 45.5 28.4 36.2 49.6 36.8 43.6 26.9 36.5 51.4 38.1 42.7
23.0 31.2 46.0 34.2 33.7 26.9 33.2 47.9 35.7 37.0 26.4 34.1 50.0 35.5 35.4 25.1 32.5 47.4 35.0 35.4
13.7 21.3 35.5 24.0 24.0 20.1 25.8 37.6 27.5 27.3 21.2 26.3 38.9 27.8 28.8 17.8 23.9 36.8 26.0 26.6
23.6 35.3 48.5 36.8 36.2 30.3 40.6 54.4 41.4 44.9 28.2 37.7 50.8 37.8 41.9 26.9 37.5 50.6 38.4 41.0
16.1 24.0 36.3 26.1 22.6 27.1 34.9 46.9 36.1 33.6 27.6 35.5 47.6 35.8 32.7 22.7 30.1 41.5 31.4 29.6
40.0 49.3 59.4 50.2 37.1 43.6 51.1 60.2 51.4 35.7 48.6 56.4 66.5 56.3 40.3 43.6 51.6 61.1 52.1 37.6
35.1 48.8 63.6 50.2 50.3 35.5 46.3 60.7 47.2 52.0 35.0 45.9 60.1 45.6 49.0 35.2 47.3 62.1 48.2 50.5
22.0 33.7 49.2 35.7 30.8 29.8 38.1 50.3 39.0 36.2 27.0 34.4 46.5 34.8 32.3 25.8 35.2 49.0 36.5 33.2
33.2 44.3 54.7 44.9 36.7 43.8 50.3 58.1 50.6 42.7 52.0 62.7 67.5 60.4 55.1 41.8 50.6 58.2 50.4 44.4
8.8 12.1 23.7 14.9 17.8 9.2 11.0 22.0 13.4 15.7 8.9 10.4 21.8 12.5 13.1 8.9 11.3 22.8 13.9 15.6
17.4 28.6 44.9 30.4 29.7 21.4 30.0 45.2 31.2 30.4 23.0 31.2 46.3 31.6 29.0 20.2 29.7 45.2 30.9 29.7
*
** State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (e.g., 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised when comparing rates.
Perceived Risk of Drug Use
Students at High Risk*
Attitudes Favorable to ASB
Attitudes Favorable to Drug Use
Total Risk
Friend's Use of Drugs
Rewards for ASB
Gang Involvement
High Risk youth are defined as the percentage of students who have more than a specified number of risk factors operating in their lives. (8th grade: 8 or more risk factors, 10th &12th grades: 9 or more risk factors.)
All Students Surveyed**
Perceived Availability of Handguns
Community Domain
Low Neighborhood Attachment
Perceived Availability of Drugs
Laws & Norms Favorable to Drug Use
Grade 12
Risk Factor
Grade 8 Grade 10
Family History of Antisocial Behavior
Parental Attitudes Favorable to ASB
Family Domain
Poor Family Management
Family Conflict
Parental Attitudes Favorable to Drug Use
School Domain
Interaction with Antisocial Peers
Rebelliousness
Early Initiation of ASB
Early Initiation of Drug Use
Academic Failure
Low Commitment to School
Peer-Individual Domain
49
Data Tables
Table 10. Percentage of Students Reporting Protection
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
BH Norm
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
BH Norm
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
BH Norm
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
BH Norm
2012
36.7 32.1 31.9 33.2 38.3 38.1 38.2 37.4 37.9 44.2 36.9 37.5 39.3 37.7 44.1 37.2 35.5 35.1 35.8 42.2
56.2 52.5 46.8 51.7 51.9 49.7 47.3 43.1 46.9 44.7 55.9 56.0 54.6 55.7 55.6 54.0 51.7 47.4 51.2 50.4
65.3 61.3 55.8 60.6 60.7 58.5 56.5 52.4 56.0 53.1 57.7 57.5 54.0 56.8 53.8 60.8 58.7 54.4 58.1 55.8
63.9 59.2 54.8 59.0 61.5 55.6 53.8 49.0 53.0 53.0 53.9 53.6 51.9 53.3 52.4 58.2 55.9 52.4 55.6 55.6
65.2 63.0 57.8 61.6 68.9 64.4 68.4 60.9 65.0 71.6 66.7 68.6 63.5 66.6 72.8 65.4 66.0 59.8 63.8 71.0
57.3 54.8 48.4 53.2 57.5 63.8 65.4 58.1 62.8 58.9 51.6 49.9 46.6 49.5 51.6 57.7 56.8 50.8 55.2 56.2
79.5 67.0 51.4 65.1 64.6 80.8 73.5 58.7 71.5 68.0 68.6 58.9 43.5 58.5 53.8 76.8 67.0 51.9 65.4 62.5
54.2 51.3 45.4 50.1 58.8 56.0 57.5 50.8 55.2 60.7 56.2 56.2 50.9 54.9 59.3 55.3 54.4 48.0 52.8 59.6
40.7 43.2 44.4 43.0 40.8 48.4 51.4 50.6 50.3 46.1 43.9 47.0 43.9 45.1 42.6 44.0 46.7 46.1 45.7 43.2
60.0 59.8 58.0 59.3 62.5 61.9 62.6 60.7 61.8 59.9 56.3 55.6 53.2 55.2 51.8 59.5 59.6 57.9 59.0 58.3
58.5 53.8 46.0 51.3 52.8 62.2 63.1 54.6 59.5 52.5 59.6 59.2 52.1 56.7 50.5 60.0 58.0 49.6 55.0 52.0
*
** State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (e.g., 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised when comparing rates.
High Protection youth are defined as the percentage of students who have four or more protective factors operating in their lives. NOTE: Prior to the 2010 administration, this value was defined as the percentage of students who had five or more protective factors operating
in their lives. In order to provide the best comparability across years, 2008 data were recalculated using the new definition.
Total Protection
Students with High Protection*
Family Domain
Interaction with Prosocial Peers
School Domain
Opportunities for Prosocial Involvement
Rewards for Prosocial Involvement
Belief in the Moral Order
Family Attachment
Opportunities for Prosocial Involvement
Rewards for Prosocial Involvement
Grade 12
Rewards for Prosocial Involvement
Grade 8 All Students Surveyed**
Peer-Individual Domain
Rewards for Prosocial Involvement
Protective Factor
Grade 10
Community Domain
Prosocial Involvement
50
Data Tables
Table 11. Where Youth Obtained Alcohol
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
507 1,323 1,882 3,700 995 2,188 1,817 5,007 1,383 2,534 1,730 5,656 2,885 6,045 5,429 14,363
6.7 3.4 6.7 5.6 5.6 4.7 8.0 6.2 7.6 9.3 14.2 10.4 6.8 6.3 9.5 7.7
3.6 2.0 4.2 3.4 2.8 1.9 3.6 2.7 3.5 4.1 6.4 4.7 3.3 2.8 4.7 3.7
3.4 1.9 5.0 3.7 2.4 1.8 4.4 2.9 2.0 2.1 4.2 2.7 2.4 1.9 4.6 3.0
16.0 14.1 20.5 17.3 27.8 28.6 32.5 29.8 34.7 39.3 43.2 39.3 29.0 29.9 31.7 30.3
12.8 21.0 20.0 19.5 12.5 15.5 18.4 16.0 14.0 15.3 16.3 15.3 13.2 16.6 18.3 16.6
16.8 17.7 21.1 19.2 15.0 16.2 19.3 17.1 14.4 15.7 18.7 16.3 15.0 16.3 19.7 17.3
14.0 14.3 20.5 17.2 22.6 24.4 25.6 24.5 28.9 31.8 32.3 31.1 24.1 25.3 26.0 25.2
19.7 22.1 24.8 22.9 24.7 26.3 25.9 25.8 20.6 23.3 23.7 22.7 21.9 24.1 24.8 23.8
33.5 33.3 41.0 37.2 47.4 49.9 49.9 49.4 51.1 54.8 53.5 53.5 46.8 48.3 47.9 47.9
23.1 26.7 27.6 26.8 21.4 21.8 23.1 22.2 12.4 13.5 15.9 14.0 17.4 19.4 22.4 20.2
8.3 5.8 11.0 8.8 7.9 9.1 10.0 9.2 4.8 4.8 7.4 5.6 6.5 6.6 9.5 7.7
26.8 22.8 27.1 25.4 17.0 15.6 21.2 17.8 12.2 11.3 17.1 13.2 16.4 15.4 21.9 17.9
*
**
Sample size represents the number of students who indicated at least one means of obtaining alcohol. Students indicating they did not drink alcohol in the past 30 days are not included in the sample. In the case of smaller sample sizes, caution
should be exercised before generalizing results to the entire community.
I got it some other way
Someone not related to me who is 21 or older
gave it to me
Someone under the age of 21 gave it to me
I got it at a party
I took it from home
I gave someone else money to buy it for me
My parent or guardian gave it to me
I bought it at a restaurant, bar, or club
I bought it in a store such as a liquor store,
convenience store, supermarket,
discount store, or gas station
State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (e.g., 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised when comparing rates.
If during the past 30 days you drank Grade 10 All Students Surveyed**
alcohol, how did you get it?
(Mark all that apply)
Grade 8 Grade 12
Sample size*
Another family member who is 21 or older
gave it to me
I took it from a store or someone else's home
I bought it at a public event such as a
concert or sporting event
51
Data Tables
Table 12. Where Youth Obtained Marijuana
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
473 1,061 1,495 3,000 853 1,578 1,467 3,911 946 1,595 1,205 3,747 2,272 4,234 4,167 10,658
8.2 6.4 9.8 8.5 8.9 9.3 13.7 10.9 15.0 13.0 17.3 14.9 11.3 10.0 13.3 11.6
70.4 75.7 71.2 72.7 78.8 83.3 79.9 80.8 82.6 83.6 76.3 80.9 78.6 81.5 75.8 78.6
13.5 16.3 20.3 17.4 13.8 13.2 16.9 14.7 10.7 12.2 15.2 12.7 12.5 13.6 17.6 14.8
21.8 23.1 29.1 25.9 21.9 28.5 33.7 28.9 28.4 30.3 32.2 30.4 24.6 27.8 31.6 28.6
3.4 5.8 7.2 6.1 4.5 5.5 8.2 6.3 5.5 5.4 7.4 6.0 4.7 5.6 7.6 6.1
12.1 13.0 19.0 15.8 11.1 12.9 19.4 14.9 8.0 7.8 14.5 10.1 10.0 11.0 17.9 13.4
29.6 24.9 31.4 28.8 20.4 18.8 27.3 22.3 19.2 17.1 27.8 21.0 21.8 19.7 28.9 23.7
If during the past 30 days you used Grade 10 All Students Surveyed**
marijuana, how did you get it?
(Mark all that apply.)
Grade 8 Grade 12
Sample size*
School
Friends
I got it from someone with a
Medical Marijuana Card
Other
Parties
Home
Family/Relatives
Table 13. Where Youth Obtained Prescription Drugs
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
260 557 825 1,637 471 976 866 2,321 592 1,080 800 2,478 1,323 2,613 2,491 6,436
48.5 48.1 50.1 48.7 59.2 61.4 58.5 59.8 61.7 63.5 62.9 62.8 58.2 59.4 57.1 58.2
12.3 16.5 18.2 16.8 17.4 16.6 16.2 16.6 14.5 16.8 17.1 16.3 15.1 16.6 17.1 16.5
18.1 17.1 25.6 21.4 17.8 16.7 23.8 19.6 19.8 17.0 22.4 19.5 18.7 16.9 23.9 20.0
22.3 30.7 28.4 28.2 29.3 32.2 31.8 31.3 27.0 24.4 23.1 24.7 26.9 28.7 27.9 28.0
13.1 12.4 14.5 13.5 13.4 12.9 16.4 14.3 19.6 19.1 20.0 19.5 16.1 15.3 16.9 16.1
11.9 11.7 14.3 12.9 12.5 14.9 18.6 15.6 12.0 11.1 15.4 12.7 12.2 12.6 16.1 13.8
23.1 14.5 18.3 17.8 10.8 11.2 17.0 13.2 12.0 10.8 14.8 12.3 13.8 11.7 16.7 14.0
1.2 1.8 3.2 2.4 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.6 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.0 2.0 1.5
3.5 2.7 7.3 5.1 2.3 2.2 7.2 4.2 2.4 2.4 6.0 3.6 2.6 2.4 6.8 4.2
*
**
If you have ever used prescription
drugs in order to get high, not for a
medical reason, how did you get them?
(Mark all that apply.)
Outside the United States
(e.g., Mexico, Canada)
School
Other
Family/Relatives
Friends
Over the Internet
State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (e.g., 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised when comparing rates.
Grade 8 Grade 10 Grade 12 All Students Surveyed**
Sample size*
Sample size represents the number of students who indicated at least one means of obtaining marijuana/prescription drugs. Students indicating they have never used marijuana or used prescription drugs to get high are not included in the
sample. In the case of smaller sample sizes, caution should be exercised before generalizing results to the entire community.
Parties
Home (e.g., Medicine Cabinet)
Doctor/Pharmacy
52
Data Tables
Table 14. Percentage of Students Reporting School Safety and Cyber-Bullying Issues
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
0 times 92.8 91.1 83.5 88.9 94.0 93.5 86.1 91.5 95.8 95.5 89.2 93.9 94.0 92.9 85.4 90.9
1 time 3.2 4.5 7.0 5.0 2.4 3.1 5.3 3.5 1.6 2.1 4.1 2.4 2.5 3.5 5.9 3.9
2-3 times 2.1 2.6 4.2 3.0 1.5 1.6 3.4 2.1 0.8 1.2 2.7 1.4 1.6 2.0 3.7 2.4
4-5 times 0.5 0.7 1.5 0.9 0.5 0.4 1.3 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.3 0.8
6-7 times 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.5
8-9 times 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3
10-11 times 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1
12 or more times 0.7 0.6 2.1 1.2 0.8 0.8 2.6 1.3 0.9 0.4 1.7 1.0 0.8 0.6 2.2 1.2
0 times 89.7 85.7 74.3 82.7 93.5 92.1 82.4 89.7 95.4 94.7 87.5 93.0 92.5 89.8 79.3 87.3
1 time 5.5 8.1 12.7 9.1 3.8 4.9 8.5 5.6 2.1 3.0 6.0 3.5 4.0 5.9 10.2 6.7
2-3 times 3.1 4.3 7.4 5.1 1.4 1.9 4.6 2.5 1.0 1.3 3.1 1.7 2.0 2.9 5.8 3.5
4-5 times 0.5 0.9 2.2 1.2 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.6 1.7 0.8
6-7 times 0.4 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.5
8-9 times 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3
10-11 times 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1
12 or more times 0.5 0.3 1.5 0.8 0.5 0.3 1.8 0.9 0.5 0.3 1.5 0.7 0.5 0.3 1.6 0.8
0 times 64.2 59.2 58.4 60.1 75.5 72.9 69.4 72.6 84.7 83.4 80.0 82.9 73.4 69.3 65.8 69.3
1 time 8.4 10.9 9.8 9.9 5.8 7.7 6.9 6.9 3.7 4.9 4.9 4.5 6.3 8.5 8.0 7.7
2-3 times 10.3 13.0 11.9 12.0 7.8 8.4 9.1 8.4 4.5 5.6 5.6 5.2 7.9 9.8 9.9 9.3
4-5 times 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9 3.3 3.3 3.9 3.5 2.0 2.0 2.4 2.1 3.6 3.7 4.1 3.8
6-7 times 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.3 1.7 1.6 2.1 1.8 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.2 1.7 1.8 2.1 1.9
8-9 times 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3
10-11 times 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5
12 or more times 7.7 7.6 10.2 8.5 4.4 4.6 6.7 5.1 2.8 2.4 4.4 3.1 5.3 5.4 8.1 6.2
0 days 93.8 93.1 90.1 92.1 95.9 95.4 92.3 94.6 96.3 96.8 93.9 95.8 95.1 94.7 91.5 93.8
1 day 2.7 3.7 4.8 3.8 2.0 2.6 3.7 2.7 1.7 1.7 2.4 1.9 2.2 2.9 4.0 3.0
2-3 days 1.9 2.2 2.9 2.4 1.3 1.4 1.9 1.5 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.5 1.9
4-5 days 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.6
6 or more days 1.0 0.5 1.3 0.9 0.5 0.4 1.4 0.7 0.6 0.3 1.2 0.6 0.7 0.4 1.3 0.8
0 days 97.2 96.7 90.9 94.8 97.1 96.1 89.7 94.5 96.8 95.8 89.5 94.5 97.0 96.3 90.3 94.7
1 day 1.2 1.6 3.9 2.3 0.7 1.3 2.5 1.5 0.7 1.2 2.2 1.3 0.9 1.4 3.1 1.8
2-3 days 0.5 0.8 1.7 1.1 0.5 0.7 2.1 1.1 0.6 0.8 2.2 1.1 0.5 0.8 1.9 1.1
4-5 days 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.5
6 or more days 0.8 0.7 2.8 1.4 1.4 1.5 4.7 2.4 1.6 1.8 5.3 2.6 1.2 1.2 3.8 2.0
0 times 77.3 70.8 66.8 71.1 77.5 73.9 70.1 73.8 83.0 77.6 75.1 78.7 79.0 73.4 69.4 73.7
1 time 7.0 9.7 9.8 9.0 6.2 7.6 7.3 7.1 4.4 6.6 6.0 5.7 6.0 8.3 8.3 7.6
2-3 times 6.9 9.1 9.3 8.6 7.4 9.0 8.6 8.4 5.7 7.7 7.5 7.0 6.7 8.7 8.7 8.1
4-5 times 3.0 3.7 4.2 3.7 2.9 3.0 3.6 3.2 2.0 3.0 3.1 2.7 2.7 3.3 3.8 3.3
6-7 times 1.3 1.5 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.4 2.1 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.4 2.0 1.5
8-9 times 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.1
10-11 times 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.5
12 or more times 3.5 3.6 5.7 4.3 3.3 3.6 6.2 4.3 2.7 2.9 4.9 3.4 3.2 3.4 5.7 4.1
*
During the past 12 months, how many
times has someone threatened or injured
you with a weapon such as a gun, knife,
or club ON SCHOOL PROPERTY?
Question
During the past 30 days, on how many days
did you not go to school because you felt
you would be unsafe at school or on your
way to or from school?
Grade 8 Grade 10 Grade 12 All Students Surveyed*
During the past 30 days, on how many days
did you carry a weapon such as a gun, knife,
or club ON SCHOOL PROPERTY?
During the past 12 months, how many times
were you in a physical fight ON SCHOOL
PROPERTY?
During the past 12 months, how often have
you been picked on or bullied by a student
ON SCHOOL PROPERTY?
State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (e.g., 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised when comparing rates.
During the past 12 months, how many
times have you been harassed, mistreated,
or made fun of by another person while
on-line or through a cell phone or other
electronic device?
53
Data Tables
Table 15. Drug Free Communities Report - National Outcome Measures (NOMs)
Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample
drink 1 or two drinks
nearly every day Alcohol 70.3 6,368 64.4 10,712 55.6 8,208 69.0 4,946 66.1 7,708 56.7 4,749 68.5 4,658 66.1 6,171 54.4 3,336
smoke 1 or more packs of
cigarettes per day Cigarettes 83.0 6,418 83.4 10,781 78.3 8,267 86.4 4,975 88.9 7,752 84.5 4,766 87.7 4,676 89.9 6,188 85.0 3,346
smoke marijuana regularly Marijuana 79.8 6,309 77.0 10,540 68.0 8,084 67.6 4,898 63.6 7,610 53.7 4,678 61.5 4,613 57.1 6,095 46.4 3,288
drink beer, wine, or
hard liquor regularly Alcohol 95.7 5,643 93.2 9,380 88.9 7,200 90.0 4,763 86.0 7,318 78.4 4,468 80.3 4,513 74.0 5,936 66.7 3,187
smoke cigarettes Cigarettes 98.0 5,628 98.0 9,384 96.2 7,187 96.1 4,750 95.5 7,313 91.9 4,457 90.1 4,502 88.5 5,933 82.9 3,186
smoke marijuana Marijuana 97.4 5,582 97.0 9,301 94.2 7,128 93.5 4,724 91.7 7,265 87.6 4,431 89.2 4,477 86.9 5,905 82.3 3,170
drink beer, wine, or
hard liquor regularly Alcohol 91.0 6,999 85.7 11,756 75.0 9,116 77.1 5,163 69.5 8,002 57.8 5,016 71.2 4,815 60.6 6,379 48.9 3,497
smoke cigarettes Cigarettes 94.2 6,998 91.6 11,752 85.2 9,114 85.6 5,162 82.5 7,999 74.7 5,014 75.9 4,815 68.9 6,376 60.6 3,494
smoke marijuana Marijuana 90.5 6,981 86.3 11,715 77.4 9,087 76.4 5,150 69.6 7,981 58.5 5,008 69.9 4,806 61.4 6,357 50.7 3,478
Alcohol 9.0 6,784 14.4 11,356 27.0 8,771 22.2 5,089 30.9 7,905 44.1 4,925 32.5 4,756 44.6 6,295 56.3 3,448
Cigarettes 4.7 6,794 6.4 11,425 12.1 8,800 10.8 5,088 12.4 7,905 19.8 4,894 15.9 4,762 19.7 6,314 30.9 3,447
Marijuana 4.7 6,769 6.7 11,309 11.6 8,714 13.1 5,043 16.6 7,862 24.4 4,874 17.3 4,723 22.3 6,258 30.3 3,394
Average Age of Onset**
Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample
Alcohol 24.8 6,984 41.4 11,697 57.3 9,062 48.5 5,153 62.7 8,003 73.9 5,002 59.6 4,815 74.6 6,370 81.4 3,487
Average age:
Cigarettes 12.3 6,986 17.8 11,738 29.0 9,104 26.3 5,146 32.3 8,002 42.7 5,003 36.7 4,812 43.9 6,371 56.4 3,493
Average age:
Marijuana 10.5 7,000 14.7 11,748 24.0 9,125 28.6 5,165 34.5 7,994 45.6 5,001 38.6 4,814 47.7 6,373 57.1 3,496
Average age:
*
**
11.4 years 12.7 years
14.1 years
11.5 years 11.2 years
12.9 years 12.8 years
12.7 years n/a
Grade 12
Non-Gamblers Infrequent
Gamblers Non-Gamblers Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
Grade 10
11.2 years
(How old were you
when you first…)
11.9 years
11.1 years
12.0 years 11.9 years 13.3 years
12.5 years
smoked a cigarette,
even just a puff?
12.1 years
11.5 years
11.3 years
12.0 years
had more than a sip or two of
beer, wine or hard liquor?
smoked marijuana?
11.4 years
at least one use in the
past 30 days Past 30-Day Use*
Outcome
Perception of
Peer Disapproval* (I think
it is Wrong or Very Wrong
for someone my age to...)
Perception of Risk*
(People are at Moderate
or Great Risk of harming
themselves if they...)
Perception of Parent
Disapproval*
(Parents feel it would be
Wrong or Very Wrong to... )
Non-Gamblers Frequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
Grade 8
Infrequent
Gamblers
Definition Substance
14.2 years
13.6 years
13.7 years
14.8 years 14.8 years
14.2 years
For Average Age of Onset, the “Sample” column represents the overall sample size: the total number of people that responded to the questions about Age of Onset. This includes responses that are not used to calculate the average age of onset (i.e., youth that have never used alcohol,
tobacco, and marijuana). The "Percent" column represents the percentage of youth in the sample reporting any age of first use for the specified substance. "Average age" is calculated by averaging the ages of first use of students reporting any use.
For Past 30-Day Use, Perception of Risk, and Perception of Parental/Peer Disapproval, the “Sample” column represents the sample size - the number of people who answered the question and whose responses were used to determine the percentage. The "Percent" column represents
the percentage of youth in the sample answering the question as specified in the definition.
54
Data Tables
Table 15. Drug Free Communities Report - National Outcome Measures (NOMs) - Cont'd
Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample
drink 1 or two drinks
nearly every day Alcohol 69.4 15,972 65.4 24,591 55.7 16,293 65.8 6,402 61.8 10,865 53.0 9,727 72.2 9,261 68.6 13,217 60.4 6,133
smoke 1 or more packs of
cigarettes per day Cigarettes 85.4 16,069 86.7 24,721 81.5 16,379 83.7 6,447 86.2 10,915 80.9 9,770 86.9 9,307 87.3 13,292 82.6 6,175
smoke marijuana regularly Marijuana 70.7 15,820 67.8 24,245 59.4 16,050 67.0 6,361 62.8 10,695 54.6 9,592 73.6 9,151 72.0 13,050 67.5 6,032
drink beer, wine, or
hard liquor regularly Alcohol 89.2 14,919 85.8 22,634 81.0 14,855 90.3 5,933 86.0 9,910 80.5 8,822 88.5 8,692 85.8 12,266 81.5 5,645
smoke cigarettes Cigarettes 95.0 14,880 94.7 22,630 92.0 14,830 95.1 5,914 94.4 9,902 91.7 8,807 95.0 8,674 95.0 12,270 92.6 5,638
smoke marijuana Marijuana 93.7 14,783 92.6 22,471 89.6 14,729 93.8 5,875 91.8 9,832 88.8 8,752 93.8 8,617 93.3 12,183 90.8 5,592
drink beer, wine, or
hard liquor regularly Alcohol 81.2 16,977 74.6 26,137 64.9 17,629 83.0 6,868 75.3 11,684 64.4 10,559 79.9 9,766 74.1 13,897 65.8 6,578
smoke cigarettes Cigarettes 86.4 16,975 83.3 26,127 77.3 17,622 87.4 6,866 83.2 11,680 76.9 10,554 85.7 9,768 83.4 13,893 78.0 6,577
smoke marijuana Marijuana 80.3 16,937 75.1 26,053 66.7 17,573 80.2 6,860 73.0 11,649 64.0 10,534 80.5 9,739 77.0 13,853 71.3 6,548
Alcohol 19.8 16,629 26.9 25,556 37.8 17,144 15.9 6,697 24.7 11,360 36.8 10,261 22.4 9,606 28.9 13,659 39.3 6,411
Cigarettes 9.8 16,644 11.5 25,644 18.1 17,141 9.3 6,698 11.8 11,387 18.3 10,214 10.1 9,622 11.2 13,724 17.5 6,451
Marijuana 10.9 16,535 13.6 25,429 19.1 16,982 10.7 6,666 14.8 11,300 21.1 10,153 11.0 9,543 12.7 13,594 15.8 6,360
Average Age of Onset**
Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample Percent Sample
Alcohol 41.9 16,952 56.1 26,070 66.8 17,551 36.2 6,859 54.2 11,659 66.3 10,526 45.6 9,755 57.6 13,862 67.6 6,540
Average age:
Cigarettes 23.5 16,944 28.6 26,111 38.4 17,600 21.4 6,859 29.2 11,671 39.2 10,561 24.8 9,746 28.1 13,888 36.9 6,546
Average age:
Marijuana 24.0 16,979 28.8 26,115 36.7 17,622 22.1 6,873 30.4 11,666 39.4 10,570 25.2 9,764 27.5 13,896 32.2 6,559
Average age:
*
**
†
††
For Average Age of Onset, the “Sample” column represents the overall sample size: the total number of people that responded to the questions about Age of Onset. This includes responses that are not used to calculate the average age of onset (i.e., youth that have never used alcohol,
tobacco, and marijuana). The "Percent" column represents the percentage of youth in the sample reporting any age of first use for the specified substance. "Average age" is calculated by averaging the ages of first use of students reporting any use.
13.0 years 12.4 years
For Past 30-Day Use, Perception of Risk, and Perception of Parental/Peer Disapproval, the “Sample” column represents the sample size - the number of people who answered the question and whose responses were used to determine the percentage. The "Percent" column represents
the percentage of youth in the sample answering the question as specified in the definition.
14.1 years 13.9 years 13.3 years
13.5 years 13.1 years 12.4 years
13.3 years
Male †† Female ††
Non-Gamblers Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
12.3 years 12.9 years 12.8 years 12.3 years
13.9 years 13.8 years
13.2 years 12.9 years
13.1 years 13.7 years 13.6 years 13.0 years
Definition Substance
13.1 years 12.8 years 12.2 years
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Non-Gamblers Gamblers Frequent
Gamblers
Outcome
Perception of
Peer Disapproval* (I think
it is Wrong or Very Wrong
for someone my age to...)
Perception of Risk*
(People are at Moderate
or Great Risk of harming
themselves if they...)
Perception of Parent
Disapproval*
(Parents feel it would be
Wrong or Very Wrong to... )
Past 30-Day Use*
smoked a cigarette,
even just a puff?
had more than a sip or two of
beer, wine or hard liquor?
smoked marijuana?
(How old were you
when you first…)
at least one use in the
past 30 days
All Students Surveyed†
Non-Gamblers Infrequent
Gamblers
13.0 years 12.2 years
State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (e.g., 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised when comparing rates.
The male and female values allow a gender comparison for youth who completed the survey. However, unless the percentage of students who participated from each grade is similar, the gender results are not necessarily representative of males and females in the community.
13.4 years
55
Data Tables
Table 16. Additional Data for Prevention Planning
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Never 85.4 75.2 60.0 72.9 66.9 52.8 39.1 53.1 55.4 38.3 28.6 41.6 71.2 59.2 47.8 59.4
Once 6.9 12.4 15.7 12.1 9.7 15.7 14.8 13.7 11.0 14.8 12.2 12.9 8.9 14.0 14.7 12.8
2-3 times 4.2 7.7 12.9 8.5 12.6 17.6 20.7 17.0 15.2 22.5 22.5 20.1 9.9 14.4 17.0 13.9
4-6 times 1.4 2.5 5.3 3.1 5.5 6.9 9.9 7.3 8.6 11.9 14.7 11.5 4.7 6.2 8.5 6.4
7-10 times 0.5 0.8 2.0 1.1 1.7 2.7 5.5 3.2 2.9 4.9 6.7 4.7 1.6 2.4 4.0 2.6
More than 10 times 1.6 1.4 4.1 2.3 3.7 4.4 9.9 5.7 6.9 7.6 15.4 9.2 3.8 3.8 8.0 5.0
Never 90.2 84.8 74.2 82.8 80.5 75.1 62.6 73.3 74.3 65.6 53.7 65.7 82.7 77.1 66.8 75.7
Once 4.7 8.2 11.1 8.2 7.4 10.6 12.2 10.1 7.4 11.2 11.6 10.1 6.3 9.7 11.5 9.2
2-3 times 2.4 3.9 7.4 4.6 4.8 6.5 9.6 6.8 6.7 9.8 10.5 8.9 4.4 6.1 8.6 6.3
4-6 times 0.9 1.3 2.8 1.7 2.3 3.0 4.5 3.2 3.4 4.0 6.5 4.4 2.0 2.5 4.0 2.8
7-10 times 0.5 0.6 1.3 0.8 1.0 1.4 3.3 1.8 1.6 2.0 3.6 2.2 1.0 1.2 2.3 1.4
More than 10 times 1.4 1.2 3.3 1.9 4.0 3.4 7.8 4.8 6.6 7.4 14.1 8.7 3.7 3.4 6.7 4.4
Never 84.9 76.5 63.1 74.3 68.7 58.0 44.5 57.4 64.2 52.3 41.8 53.8 74.1 64.9 53.6 64.3
Once 5.3 8.5 10.5 8.4 8.0 12.3 11.1 10.8 8.9 12.2 11.4 10.9 7.2 10.6 10.9 9.7
2-3 times 3.6 6.6 8.8 6.5 8.6 11.5 12.9 11.1 9.0 13.1 11.6 11.4 6.6 9.7 10.5 9.1
4-6 times 2.0 3.0 5.6 3.5 4.7 6.7 8.7 6.7 5.4 7.0 8.5 6.8 3.8 5.1 7.0 5.3
7-10 times 1.0 1.9 3.1 2.1 2.4 3.6 5.5 3.8 2.7 3.6 5.6 3.8 1.9 2.9 4.3 3.0
More than 10 times 3.3 3.5 8.8 5.2 7.6 8.0 17.2 10.4 9.8 11.8 21.1 13.3 6.5 6.9 13.7 8.7
Never 93.1 90.0 82.6 88.4 88.1 84.7 74.4 82.9 87.6 82.9 72.8 82.1 90.0 86.6 78.3 85.2
Once 3.1 5.2 7.3 5.3 5.0 7.4 9.4 7.3 4.2 7.0 9.0 6.6 4.0 6.3 8.2 6.2
2-3 times 1.6 2.1 4.2 2.6 3.0 4.0 5.9 4.2 3.7 4.6 6.8 4.8 2.6 3.3 5.2 3.6
4-6 times 0.5 1.0 1.9 1.2 1.3 1.5 3.3 1.9 1.2 2.2 3.8 2.2 0.9 1.5 2.7 1.7
7-10 times 0.5 0.4 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.7 2.0 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.7 1.1 0.6 0.7 1.5 0.9
More than 10 times 1.2 1.2 2.9 1.7 2.0 1.8 5.0 2.8 2.5 2.3 5.8 3.2 1.8 1.6 4.1 2.4
0
Never 66.2 56.7 51.5 57.4 65.2 57.8 54.4 59.0 65.4 59.7 58.8 61.4 65.7 57.8 53.8 58.9
Once 11.0 16.4 16.5 15.1 11.2 15.2 14.0 13.7 10.8 13.0 12.3 12.1 11.0 15.2 14.9 13.9
2-3 times 9.5 13.5 13.8 12.5 11.0 14.0 14.3 13.2 11.2 13.8 12.6 12.7 10.4 13.7 13.7 12.8
4-6 times 3.5 4.4 6.3 4.8 4.0 5.1 6.2 5.1 4.7 5.6 6.1 5.4 4.0 4.9 6.3 5.0
7-10 times 1.7 1.8 2.7 2.1 1.7 2.2 2.7 2.2 1.7 2.3 3.0 2.3 1.7 2.1 2.7 2.2
More than 10 times 8.1 7.2 9.3 8.1 6.9 5.8 8.4 6.8 6.2 5.6 7.3 6.2 7.2 6.4 8.6 7.2
*
Grade 12
State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (e.g., 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised when comparing rates.
In the last 30 days, how often
have you avoided people or
places because you might be
offered alcohol, cigarettes,
marijuana, or other drugs?
In the last 30 days, about how many times
were you offered:
cigarettes?
alcohol?
marijuana?
other drugs?
Grade 8 Grade 10 All Students Surveyed*
56
Data Tables
Table 17. Additional Data for Prevention Planning (Cont'd)
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Never 26.9 26.6 31.4 28.2 31.7 30.5 34.9 32.1 35.3 31.7 36.5 34.1 30.9 29.1 33.5 30.8
Once 7.9 12.6 15.6 12.4 10.9 16.5 17.8 15.2 11.8 17.4 17.1 15.5 10.0 15.0 16.6 14.0
Twice 2.5 4.5 6.3 4.6 5.0 7.4 9.0 7.1 6.6 10.1 10.0 8.9 4.5 6.8 7.8 6.4
Three times 1.4 2.5 3.6 2.6 2.7 3.8 4.5 3.7 3.3 4.6 5.6 4.4 2.4 3.4 4.3 3.4
Four or more times 3.4 5.0 7.8 5.5 6.3 7.5 11.0 8.1 7.2 9.6 11.0 9.1 5.4 6.9 9.4 7.2
I never got offers 57.8 48.9 35.3 46.8 43.4 34.4 22.8 33.8 35.7 26.6 19.7 28.0 47.0 38.8 28.5 38.2
Never 29.5 30.7 34.6 31.7 34.5 33.0 38.5 34.9 38.0 35.1 39.5 37.2 33.5 32.5 36.8 34.0
Once 5.8 9.7 12.8 9.7 9.6 14.6 14.8 13.2 11.4 16.3 15.7 14.5 8.6 12.9 14.0 12.0
Twice 2.4 4.3 6.9 4.7 4.8 7.8 9.8 7.5 6.0 9.8 10.2 8.6 4.2 6.8 8.4 6.5
Three times 1.6 2.5 3.6 2.6 2.9 4.3 5.5 4.3 3.6 5.0 6.0 4.8 2.6 3.7 4.6 3.7
Four or more times 2.6 3.7 6.5 4.4 4.8 6.2 8.9 6.5 5.2 7.4 9.3 7.1 4.0 5.4 7.8 5.7
I never got offers 58.1 49.2 35.6 47.0 43.3 34.1 22.5 33.6 35.7 26.4 19.3 27.8 47.0 38.7 28.5 38.1
Never 29.9 32.7 38.9 34.0 40.5 42.5 49.0 43.7 47.3 50.0 53.4 50.0 38.2 40.1 44.8 40.9
Once 5.6 9.1 11.0 8.8 7.2 11.3 11.6 10.2 7.8 10.7 12.0 10.1 6.7 10.2 11.3 9.5
Twice 1.9 2.9 4.1 3.1 2.4 4.1 5.4 4.0 3.4 4.3 5.6 4.3 2.5 3.6 4.8 3.7
Three times 1.1 1.9 3.3 2.2 1.8 2.3 3.4 2.5 1.6 2.5 2.9 2.3 1.5 2.2 3.3 2.3
Four or more times 2.9 3.8 6.6 4.5 4.2 4.5 6.9 5.1 3.7 5.1 5.9 4.8 3.5 4.4 6.5 4.8
I never got offers 58.7 49.6 36.1 47.5 43.8 35.2 23.7 34.6 36.2 27.4 20.2 28.6 47.6 39.5 29.3 38.9
Never 32.0 35.8 42.0 36.8 44.0 46.9 52.6 47.6 51.1 54.3 56.3 53.8 41.3 43.9 48.0 44.3
Once 4.5 6.9 9.4 7.1 5.0 8.9 9.5 8.0 5.3 8.4 9.5 7.6 4.9 7.9 9.5 7.5
Twice 1.4 2.6 3.9 2.7 2.1 3.0 4.8 3.3 2.5 3.6 5.5 3.7 1.9 3.0 4.5 3.1
Three times 0.9 1.7 2.7 1.8 1.7 2.1 3.3 2.3 1.3 2.3 2.8 2.1 1.2 2.0 2.9 2.0
Four or more times 2.3 3.0 5.5 3.7 3.1 3.6 6.0 4.1 2.9 3.8 5.2 3.9 2.7 3.4 5.6 3.9
I never got offers 58.9 50.1 36.5 47.9 44.1 35.5 23.8 34.8 36.8 27.5 20.6 29.0 47.9 39.9 29.6 39.2
* State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (e.g., 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised when comparing rates.
use some other way to not
accept the alcohol or drugs?
give an explanation or excuse
to turn down the offer?
decide to leave the situation
without accepting the offer?
Grade 10 All Students Surveyed*
say "No" without giving a
reason why?
In the last 30 days, how often did you respond in
the following ways when alcohol, cigarettes,
marijuana or other drugs were offered to you?
Grade 8 Grade 12
57
Data Tables
Table 18. Additional Data for Prevention Planning (Cont'd)
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State
2012
Never 91.5 86.6 79.4 85.4 91.0 88.1 81.0 86.9 91.6 88.5 81.2 87.7 91.4 87.5 80.2 86.4
1 or 2 times 4.3 7.4 9.1 7.2 4.0 6.0 7.6 5.9 3.6 5.5 7.5 5.3 4.0 6.5 8.3 6.3
3 to 5 times 1.9 2.9 4.4 3.2 2.0 2.7 3.8 2.8 1.9 2.9 3.7 2.7 1.9 2.8 4.1 2.9
6 to 9 times 1.0 1.3 2.2 1.5 0.9 1.3 1.9 1.3 1.0 1.1 2.1 1.3 1.0 1.3 2.1 1.4
10 to 19 times 0.3 0.6 1.5 0.9 0.5 0.6 1.5 0.8 0.5 0.7 1.3 0.8 0.4 0.6 1.5 0.8
20 to 29 times 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4
30 to 39 times 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2
40+ times 0.5 0.7 2.5 1.3 1.0 0.8 3.1 1.5 1.0 1.0 3.2 1.5 0.8 0.8 2.8 1.4
Never 55.2 37.6 29.0 39.2 58.4 41.6 32.3 43.7 69.9 51.9 41.4 55.3 60.3 42.3 32.4 44.4
1 or 2 times 24.3 32.4 24.4 27.7 21.1 28.1 21.2 24.2 16.2 24.9 22.6 21.5 21.1 29.2 23.1 25.2
3 to 5 times 11.2 16.6 19.8 16.3 12.0 17.9 20.9 17.1 8.4 14.2 16.0 12.8 10.6 16.4 19.4 15.6
6 to 9 times 4.4 6.9 11.1 7.7 4.5 6.7 10.8 7.2 3.0 4.6 8.6 5.1 4.1 6.3 10.5 6.9
10 to 19 times 2.1 3.1 5.9 3.8 1.8 3.0 5.9 3.5 1.3 1.9 5.0 2.5 1.8 2.8 5.7 3.4
20 to 29 times 0.8 1.3 3.0 1.7 0.7 1.0 3.0 1.4 0.3 1.0 2.2 1.1 0.6 1.1 2.9 1.5
30 to 39 times 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.6 0.2 0.4 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.4 1.0 0.5
40+ times 1.7 1.7 5.5 3.0 1.2 1.3 4.9 2.3 0.6 1.0 3.7 1.5 1.2 1.4 5.0 2.4
Never 94.7 90.0 79.3 87.6 94.8 92.0 82.7 90.2 95.9 92.9 84.7 91.9 95.1 91.3 81.3 89.4
1 or 2 times 3.1 6.6 11.0 7.1 3.3 5.0 8.3 5.5 2.4 4.6 7.7 4.6 3.0 5.6 9.6 6.0
3 to 5 times 1.0 1.8 4.0 2.3 0.8 1.6 3.4 1.9 0.9 1.2 3.1 1.6 0.9 1.6 3.6 2.0
6 to 9 times 0.4 0.7 2.2 1.1 0.4 0.6 1.8 0.9 0.2 0.6 1.3 0.7 0.4 0.6 1.9 0.9
10 to 19 times 0.3 0.3 1.2 0.6 0.2 0.2 1.1 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.5
20 to 29 times 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.3
30 to 39 times 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2
40+ times 0.3 0.3 1.4 0.7 0.3 0.3 1.8 0.7 0.2 0.2 1.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 1.5 0.6
Never 95.6 92.8 83.5 90.4 96.2 93.8 85.3 92.1 97.0 94.8 86.9 93.5 96.2 93.6 84.7 91.7
1 or 2 times 2.9 5.1 9.4 6.0 2.4 4.3 8.2 4.8 1.8 3.5 6.9 3.8 2.4 4.5 8.6 5.1
3 to 5 times 0.5 1.2 2.8 1.5 0.6 0.9 2.2 1.2 0.3 0.9 2.3 1.1 0.5 1.0 2.5 1.3
6 to 9 times 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.7 0.2 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.2 1.2 0.5 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.6
10 to 19 times 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.4
20 to 29 times 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2
30 to 39 times 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1
40+ times 0.4 0.2 1.4 0.7 0.3 0.2 1.6 0.6 0.3 0.2 1.4 0.6 0.3 0.2 1.5 0.6
0
Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State 2012 Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State 2012 Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State 2012 Non-
Gamblers
Infrequent
Gamblers
Frequent
Gamblers
State 2012
89.9 89.3 83.9 87.6 88.0 84.7 77.9 83.7 85.1 81.0 73.0 80.3 87.9 85.8 80.0 84.6
1.9 2.4 4.8 3.0 5.5 7.6 10.4 7.8 7.7 11.0 14.8 10.8 4.7 6.2 8.5 6.4
0.5 0.8 1.8 1.0 1.6 2.1 2.9 2.2 1.8 2.9 4.0 2.8 1.2 1.7 2.5 1.8
0.7 0.9 2.5 1.3 1.7 2.1 4.2 2.6 2.5 2.9 5.3 3.4 1.5 1.8 3.5 2.2
0.9 1.5 2.7 1.8 2.7 4.0 5.7 4.1 3.4 4.2 5.4 4.2 2.2 3.0 4.1 3.1
0.5 0.6 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.9 1.9 2.5 3.3 4.7 3.3 1.3 1.6 2.5 1.8
0.5 0.6 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.8 3.3 2.0 1.5 1.9 3.6 2.2 1.0 1.3 2.4 1.5
0.9 0.7 1.8 1.1 1.0 1.4 3.0 1.7 1.5 1.9 3.5 2.1 1.1 1.2 2.5 1.5
0.0 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2
0.1 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.3 1.3 0.5 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.5
*
seen someone shot or shot at?
How many times in the past year
(12 months) have you:
been hit, slapped, pushed,
shoved, kicked, or any other
way physically assaulted by
your boyfriend or girlfriend?
seen someone punched
with a fist, kicked, choked
or beaten up?
seen someone attacked
with a weapon other than a
gun, such as a knife, bat,
bottle, or chain?
Grade 8 Grade 10 Grade 12 All Students Surveyed*
All Students Surveyed*
I've never used prescription drugs to get high
Home (e.g., Medicine Cabinet)
If you have ever used prescription drugs in order
to get high, not for a medical reason, how did
you get them? (Mark all that apply)
Grade 8 Grade 10 Grade 12
State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (e.g., 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised when comparing rates.
Over the Internet
Outside the United States (e.g., Mexico, Canada)
Friends
Family/Relatives
Parties
Doctor/Pharmacy
School
Other
58
Appendix
Appendix - Comparability of survey administrations and additional notes
Issue Notes regarding changes
Drug Category
Heroin Cautiously comparable across years.
Other Club Drugs Added in 2012 to track potential emerging usage trends.
Synthetic Drugs Added in 2012 to track potential emerging usage trends.
On how many occasions (if any) have you:
used heroin or other opiates?
On how many occasions (if any) have you:
Combined results of On how many occasions have you:
used prescription pain relievers (Vicodin, OxyContin, Percocet
or Codeine) without a doctor telling you to take them?
used prescription sedatives (tranquilizers, such as Valium
or Xanax, barbiturates, or sleeping pills)?
n/a
2008/2010 AYS
Prescription
drugs
In 2006 there was a prescription drugs question with several examples
(some of which overlapped examples from the standalone stimulant
and sedative questions). Starting in 2008, the single prescription drug
question was dropped in favor of more specific questions. Rather than
discontinuing reporting Prescription Drugs , the prescription sedative,
stimulant and pain reliever questions were combined to create a single
measure.
used heroin?
2012 AYS
used prescription stimulants (such as Ritalin, Adderall, or
Dexedrine) without a doctor telling you to take them?
used other "club" drugs (such as Special K,
Roofies, GHB, or Rohypnol)?
n/a
used synthetic drugs (such as Bath Salts
like Ivory Wave or White Lighting or herbal
incense products like K2, Spice, or Gold)?
59
Regional Prevention Contacts
Apache, Coconino, Mohave, Navajo, and Yavapai
Counties
Jacque Gencarelle
Northern Arizona Regional Behavioral Health
Authority (NARBHA)
928-226-6396
Cochise, Graham, Greenlee, Gila, La Paz, Pinal,
Yuma and Santa Cruz Counties
Linda Weinberg
Cenpatico of Arizona
866-495-6738
Maricopa County
Juan Aristizabal
Magellan Health Services of Arizona
602-797-8256
Pima County
Michael Pensak
Community Partnership of Southern Arizona (CPSA)
520-618-8813
Gila River Indian Community
Julie Jimenez
Gila River Regional Behavioral Health Authority
520-562-3321 ext. 7031
Pascua Yaqui Tribe
Ralph Cota
Centered Spirit Program
480-768-2063
Other State and National Contacts:
Arizona Criminal Justice Commission
Steve Irvine/Phillip Stevenson
602-364-1173/602-364-1157
www.azcjc.gov
Arizona Department of Education
School Safety and Prevention
www.ade.az.gov/sa/health/
Arizona Department of Gaming’s Office of Problem
Gambling
Kimberly Zill
602-255-3889
www.problemgambling.az.gov
Contacts for Prevention
Arizona Department of Health Services
Division of Behavioral Health Services
Lisa Shumaker
602-364-4594
www.azdhs.gov/bhs/index.htm
Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety
Charles Katz
602-496-1471
cvpcs.asu.edu/
Governor’s Office of Children, Youth, and Families
602-542-4043
www.gocyf.az.gov
Partnership for a Drug Free America, Arizona Affiliate
Shelly Mowrey
602-264-5700
www.drugfreeaz.org
The Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence
(Blueprints for Violence Prevention)
www.colorado.edu/cspv/blueprints/
Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP)
www.samhsa.gov/about/csap.aspx
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
Model Programs Guide
www.ojjdp.gov/mpg/
Office of Justice Programs
Crime Solutions
www.crimesolutions.gov
Safe and Drug Free Schools and Communities
U.S. Department of Education
www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/SDFS
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration (SAMHSA)
Evidence Based Practices
www.samhsa.gov/ebpwebguide/index.asp
Western Regional Center for the Application of
Prevention Technologies (CAPT)
casat.unr.edu/westcapt.html
Bach Harrison, L.L.C.
R. Steven Harrison, Ph.D.
801-359-2064
www.bach-harrison.com